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TRANSCRIPT
Specialized eMMC
For i.MX6 Automotive
Infotainment Systems
Carla Christensen
SMART Modular
Technologies
2
• Company Briefing (Who is SMART Modular?)
• NAND and eMMC Market Overview
• Automotive Challenges for NAND-based Devices
• What is “Specialized” eMMC
– JEDEC ® Standard for eMMC
– Specialized eMMC features for Automotive
• Wrap Up / Q&A
Session Overview
Who is SMART Modular Technologies?
4
• Technology leader providing OEM memory and embedded flash products to Tier 1 customers for 25+ years
• Focused on embedded, industrial, and automotive markets
• Well aligned with Freescale i.MX customer base
• Carla Christensen – Sr. Technical Marketing Manager
– Background in DRAM & Flash Product Engineering, Applications Engineering (Flash)
– Ecosystem Enablement (ARM/Linux/Android)
– JEDEC Representative for eMMC
SMART Modular Technologies
5
SMART Modular Global Footprint
Tewksbury, MA • Embedded Flash
Engineering
Scotland, UK • Logistics EMEA
Management
Prague, Czech. Republic • Logistics EMEA
Seoul, Korea • Advanced Packaging
Engineering
Newark, CA • Corporate HQ
• New Product Design DRAM
• Logistics NA
Irvine, CA • Memory
Engineering
Chandler, AZ • High Rel SSD
Engineering
São Paulo, Brazil • IC Packaging, Assembly & Test
• Module manufacturing
Penang, Malaysia • High volume manufacturing
• Logistics Asia
Taiwan • Integrated Memory
Solutions Engineering Center
Hong Kong • Supply Chain
Services, Sales & Marketing
6 6
25 Years Serving OEM Customers
Note: Fiscal year ends the last Friday in August
Founded IPO Acquired
by Solectron
Acquired NEC Brazil
LBO from Solectron
IPO Acquired Adtron
Acquired by Silver
Lake
SMART Storage Systems acquired
by SanDisk
1988 1995 1999 2004 2006 2008 2011 2002 2013
7
Broad Flash Product Portfolio
SATA eMMC, µSSD CF USB SD, microSDTM
• Servers
• Telecom
• Networking
• Automotive
• Industrial
• Telecom
• Industrial
• Telecom
• Networking
• Industrial
• Telecom
• Networking
• Multimedia
• Mobile
• Telecom
Applications
8
MARKET OVERVIEW: NAND, eMMC, Automotive
9
Overall NAND Market
-
50
100
150
200
250
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Mobile
Handsets
Others*
PC/SSD
Tablets
BIL
LIO
NS
of
1G
B E
qiv
. U
nit
s
Source: IHS Q1 2014, SMART Marketing
>9
0%
driv
en
by
Co
nsu
me
r Ma
rke
t
10
Overall eMMC Market B
ILL
ION
S o
f 1
GB
Eq
iv.
Un
its
Source: IHS Q1 2014, SMART Marketing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Automotive
Mobile
Handsets
Tablets
*E-readers and GPS included but not visible
Va
st M
ajo
rity o
f eM
MC
11
eMMC adoption driven by the Infotainment System
eMMC and Automotive Market
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Millio
ns
of
Ca
rs
Source: iSuppli H2’12, IHS Q1’14, SMART Marketing
Total # of Cars
Cars using eMMC
Ne
arly
50
% o
f Ca
rs w
ill
use
eM
MC
by 2
01
8
AUTOMOTIVE CHALLENGES for NAND-based Devices
13
NAND Challenges (for ALL systems)
14
i.MX6 System Using Raw NAND
Application
File System
Low Level Driver
NAND Controller
LUN 0 LUN 1 LUN Nth
Hardware Platform
Operating System
Block Driver for OS
i.MX6 Infotainment System NAND Flash Complexities • Host/OS/Driver must perform NAND
management
• Host must apply ECC
• Wear Leveling
• Garbage Collection
• Compatibility/interoperability is not fully
standardized
• Architecture/page sizes difficult to
manage
• Lithography transitions
• SLC Flash is expensive
• NAND supply / support
NAND is Not the Ideal System-Level
Solution
15
eMMC Saves the Day!!!**
eMMC Managed NAND Features:
– Abstracts NAND media into easy-to-use Block device
– Handles all NAND Flash requirements
– Firmware maintains logical-to-physical address mapping table
– Wear Leveling Performed
– Block Management
• Bad blocks retired throughout life
• Spare blocks used to increase reliability, performance, and device life
– Error Correction and Management
• Correct errors manages errors as needed
– eMMC is a JEDEC Standard Protocol that is widely supported and free to use
Low-level driver
Host Controller
eMMC Bus
NAND
Wear Leveling, CMD/Block Mgmt, NAND Error Mgmt
eMMC Controller
eMMC
i.MX6 Platform
**The Automotive Environment brings additional challenges to address
16
eMMC Hardware Support on i.MX6
From i.MX6 Datasheet:
• Fully compliant with MMC
command/response sets and
Physical Layer as defined in
the Multimedia Card System
Specification v4.41
• Hardware reset
• 1-bit, 4-bit, or 8-bit transfer
mode specifications for MMC
cards up to 52 MHz in both
SDR and DDR modes (104
MB/s max)
• Backwards-compatible
eMMC v4.51 works on v4.41
hardware
• SMART eMMC v4.51 is
verified on i.MX6
17
• SABRE i.MX6 Quad
• SMART Specialty eMMC running Boot Code, Android JellyBean OS, Navigation App, and Maps
eMMC Infotainment Demo
See our Demos and Visit our Booth at FTF2014!
18
• eMMC Interface Protocol and package ball-out are defined by JEDEC
– Both 169-ball (0.5mm pitch) and 100-ball (1.0mm pitch) package ball-outs are standardized
– Latest interface standard v5.0 released October 2013
• Editorial version is pending release (v5.01)
• Next version v5.1 in progress
– New Features focus on improving Performance for SmartPhones/Tablets
» 200MHz DDR operation (HS400)
Requires additional Data Strobe pin
– Backwards compatibility for interface (v4.41, v4.51, v5.0, etc); new features, pin definitions are possible
• Many “Standard” Features are only as good as the implementation
JEDEC Standards for eMMC
19
• Although the eMMC interface is standardized through JEDEC, not all eMMC are created equal
• eMMC was developed to serve the Mobile Market first
• The Automotive Market is new, small, and challenging
– Longevity Concerns
– Requires Increased Reliability
– Extreme Usage Model / Environmental Conditions
• SmartPhone: OK to replace every 2 years
• Automobiles: Expected to last AND to retain value (i.e. no broken electronics, blank screens, etc.) for 10+ years
– The car is the largest “Mobile” device most consumers will ever purchase!
JEDEC Standards for eMMC (cont.)
WHAT ABOUT
Quality and Reliability?
21
Reliability Concerns for Flash
• Data Retention
– Dependent on Flash media (pSLC/SLC vs. MLC), Temperature, and Device Life
• As device endurance is used the Flash cells are less able to retain stored electrons
– Device Health Monitoring can be used by host as needed
• Device Life / Endurance
– Factors include: Flash media (pSLC/SLC vs. MLC); Host Workload; Write Amplification; Overprovisioning, etc.
• Unexpected Power Loss
– Specialty eMMC uses FW + HW solutions to address power loss
– Easier to address in car than in phone (bigger battery)
22
Scenario 1: New Car Dealership in Phoenix, AZ
• Heat of the Summer – average temp >105ºF (>40ºC)
• Car bakes like an oven in the sun; the interior can reach >160ºF (>70ºC) !!!
– Exceeds Consumer-Temp Rating of 0ºC to +70ºC
– Bad scenario for storing data, firmware, boot code, OS, etc… (Data retention issues)
Scenario 2: Fast Forward 5-10 years
• “Power User” pushes the Infotainment system to the limits; stores as many maps, points of interest, phone numbers, etc. as possible (device life, endurance)
• Worst case scenario: Infotainment system goes blank/will not boot and the customer is not happy about it!
Both Scenarios are real concerns and can be addressed with Specialty eMMC
Automotive Scenario
WHAT IS
“Specialized” eMMC?
24
• Designed specifically for the Automotive Market
– Package Design, Architecture, Firmware Development, Testing, Qualification, Certification
– Commitment to Long-Term Support
– Focused effort; no consumer market distractions
• Infotainment Leverages the existing eMMC Ecosystem for Ease-of-Use
– Compatible with full i.MX6 series
– OS Kernel Support
• Future eMMC devices 100% backwards compatible and validation on existing systems
Specialized eMMC Overview
25
Consumer eMMC:
Driven by SmartPhone/Tablet
Requirements
•Lowest Cost •Fastest Speed •Smallest Size •Battery Life
Specialized eMMC:
Driven by Automotive Requirements
•Designed for reliability; no compromise •Features are balanced to meet automotive requirements
Consumer vs. Specialized eMMC
26
eMMC Comparison: Consumer vs. Specialty/Auto-Grade
Commercial Automotive
Temperature Range 0ºC to +70ºC -40ºC to +85ºC
Product Longevity
Product Life
/ Endurance*
Performance
Cost per Bit
Data Reliability
Customization**
Product Support
*Endurance is heavily dependent on usage model
**SMART Specialized eMMC supports customization
27
Specialized eMMC
Specialized eMMC
• Optimized for Automotive and Industrial markets and applications
• eMMC v4.51 compliant (backward-compatible to 4.41)
• Supports pSLC mode
• Temp = -40°C/+85°C
• BOM Control
• PPAP and AEC-Q100
• Burn-in Customized to customer requirements
1.0mm 100-ball (14x18mm) 0.5mm 169-ball (12x16mm)
Applications
28
100-Ball Package Benefits
1.0mm Ball Pitch
Low Ball Count
• Simpler and lower cost PCB design
• Lower cost assembly – do not require high-
precision pick-and-place
Large Ball Diameter • Lower assembly yield loss due to ball bonding
defects
• Higher board level reliability
• Better thermal dissipation
Mechanical
Robustness
• Ball layout includes support balls at the
package corners for additional mechanical
strength
Standardized by
JEDEC
• Standards ensures conformity of products
among manufacturers
• Ensure forward and backward compatibility in
future products
HOW SPECIALIZED
eMMC fits Automotive
30
• Enhanced User Area Partition – supports up to 100% capacity in “Enhanced Mode” (using pSLC, though this is not defined in JEDEC Standard)
– Allows for additional reliability and/or performance
– Can be preconfigured at Factory
• Data Reliability – can be preconfigured at Factory
• Device Health Monitoring
• Ruggedized Package Design
• Rigorous Qualification / AECQ-100
Specialized eMMC Features
31
Enhanced Partition (pSLC Mode)
Specialty eMMC devices can be configured to Enhanced Mode (pSLC) using either two following methods:
1. Customer self-configure via JEDEC eMMC EXT_CSD register
– SMART’s eMMC devices allow 100% of user area to be configured to pSLC
• Max Enhanced Area = MAX_ENH_SIZE_MULT x HC_WP_GRP_SIZE x HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE x 512kBytes
– One-time register configuration via eMMC General Purpose Partitions & Enhanced User Data Area parameter setting
2. SMART can ship pre-configured based on customer specifications
32
eMMC Partition/Enhanced User Area (Example)
Boot Partition 1,2
eMMC
Physical
Layout
User Area (Default)
Enhanced = pSLC mode for Specialized eMMC for increased performance and
reliability
Boot Partition 1,2
Partition 1 (Enhanced) U
p to
4 P
artitio
ns
Partition 2 (Enhanced)
Partition 3 (Enhanced)
Partition 4 User Area
(High Density)
Step 1:
Create
Partitions
XLOAD
EBOOT F
lash Im
age D
ata
MBR
OS Image
EXTFAT
Step 2:
Flash Image/
Example Code Layout
IPL
Logo
ULDR
NK
100% Flexibility to Support for All Applications, OS, Workloads, etc.
33
Data Reliability
• High data reliability: once a Device indicates to the Host that a write has successfully completed, the data that was written, along with all previous data written, cannot be corrupted by other operations that are host initiated, controller initiated or accidental (such as power interruption)
• Normal data reliability: there is some risk that previously written data may be corrupted for unforeseen events such as power interruption
• Device indicates implementation of this feature in the EXT_CSD registers:
– WR_REL_PARAM [166]: to indicate whether the Device supports this feature
– WR_REL_SET [167]: to set High Data Reliability per partition
• Performance implication
– Write performance may be impacted when high data reliability is set
• Specialty eMMC can be shipped as pre-configured (no Host action required)
eMMC Special Features (Data Reliability/Power Loss)
34
• Flash Market continues to grow like crazy
– Growth in Infotainment driving Specialized eMMC (niche market)
• Raw NAND Flash is difficult to use (and getting worse)
• eMMC is standardized in the ecosystem
– Reliability, Features, and Support vary
– Backwards compatibility support guaranteed with Specialized eMMC
• SMART Modular is committed to our Automotive customers
• Come see our Demos and Booth #1405 at FTF2014!
Summary
Questions?
