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Cristina Giraldi III° sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE Rosolia: diagnosi e management della gravida

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Page 1: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Cristina Giraldi

III° sessione

ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE

Rosolia: diagnosi e management

della gravida

Page 2: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

Background

1962-1965 worldwide pandemic of rubella

1964-1965 USA: 11, 000 fetal deaths and 20,000 infants born with CRS

1969 USA: first rubella vaccine

2015 USA: rubella and CRS elimination

WHO aims

to eliminate rubella (incidence of <1 case per 1,000,000 live births) to reduce congenital rubella cases (<1 case per 100,000 live births)

Today >100,000 infants born with CRS/year worldwide

Page 3: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Estimates of the median incidence of CRS

per 100,000 live births by country in 2010

Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT, Reef SE, Navar AM, et al. (2016) Using Seroprevalence and Immunisation Coverage Data to Estimate the Global

Burden of Congenital Rubella Syndrome, 1996-2010: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0149160. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149160

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149160

Page 4: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

CIRCULATION OF VIRUS

INFECTION OF THE PREGNANT FEMALE

INFECTION OF THE EMBRYO AND FETUS

INFANT BORN WITH

CONGENITAL RUBELLA

SYNDROME

miscarriages stillbirths normal infant

defects manifest

at birth

defects manifest

later in life

therapeutic

abortion

no transplacental

infection

SCHEMATIC OF EVENTS AFTER RUBELLA INFECTION

OF THE SUSCEPTIBLE PREGNANT FEMALE

INFECTIOUS DISEASES of the FETUS and NEWBORN INFANT Remington and Klein

Page 5: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

CRS

SEGNI PERMANENTI rilevabili anche a distanza di anni

SEGNI TRANSITORI rilevabili alla nascita

cataratta/glaucoma congenito porpora

retinopatia pigmentosa epatosplenomegalia

malformazioni cardiache congenite ittero

deficit dell’udito microcefalia

ritardo dello sviluppo

meningoencefalite

radiolucenza ossa lunghe

Page 6: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Risk of fetal transmission and outcome (1)

(307 newborns from mothers with rubella 1976-1989, UK)

Best J.M., Seminars in Fetal neonatal Medicine (2007) 12, 182-192

-

Weeks’gestation

(WG)

Risk of

congenital

infection

Symptomatic newborns

/infected newborns (%)

1-12 13/16 (81%) 11/13 (85%)

13-16 29/54 (54%) 9/26 (35%)

17-22 33/92 (36%) 0

23-30 19/63 (30%) 0

31-36 15/25 (60%) 0

>36 8/8 (100) 0

Page 7: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Reinfection (rare)

<12 WG: 8% congenital infection

> 12 WG: no risk

Pre-conceptional

rubella infection no risk

Accidental vaccination

during pregnancy no risk

Risk of fetal transmission and outcome (2)

M.G. Revello et al., Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23:780-783, 2004

Page 8: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

2015

Rubella and CRS elimination goal (USA)

CDC

Page 9: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

9464

Romania

20 773

Romania

4805

Poland

38 585

98 %

REDUCTION

621 039

39 554

Rubella in the WHO European Region

2000 and 2011-2015*

29618 6516

Poland

5899

9

2368

Poland

2029

*Data extracted 04 June 2016

Page 10: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Countries with rubella cases,

WHO European Region, 2015*

21 countries reported zero cases

10 *Data extracted 04 June 2016

47

10

10

12

14

18

37

91

100

2029

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

14 other countries

Bulgaria

United Kingdom

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Russian Federation

Romania

Italy

Germany

Georgia

Poland 86% of

cases in the

Region

Page 11: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rubella notification rate (cases per million) by age groups

1 January–31 December 2015

EU/EEA countries (n=2, 193 with known age)

© European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, January 2016

© European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Measles and rubella monitoring, July 2016-Disease surveillance data: 1 July 2015-30June 2016, Stockolm: ECDC;2016

Page 12: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rubella in Italy, 1970-2012

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Year

No

. R

ub

ell

a c

as

es

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

No

. C

RI/

CR

S

No. Rubella cases No. CRI/CRS

Source: www.iss.it , WHO

CRI, congenital rubella infection; CRS, congenital rubella syndrome

Page 13: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,
Page 14: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rubella in pregnancy by year and classification in Italy

2005-2015

(N=167 154 confirmed, 9 probable and 4 possible cases)

• 32 voluntary terminations

• 1 stillbirth

• 1 spontaneous abortion

Giambi C, Del Manso M, Bella A, Filia A, Rota MC, Nacca G, e Declich S. Rosolia congenita e in gravidanza News, March 2016.

Page 15: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

1972 monovalent rubella vaccine: vaccination of adolescent females

Early 1990s combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine

1999 national immunization programme: universal vaccination with 1 dose of MMR (12-15 mos)

2003

first national measles and congenital rubella elimination plan: universal vaccination with 2 doses of MMR (12-15 mos; 5-6 yrs) offered to all susceptible adolescent and adults

Rubella vaccination in Italy

Page 16: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,
Page 17: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rosolia

ruolo del laboratorio

DIAGNOSI

Infezione (materna) postnatale

Stato immunitario

Infezione congenita prenatale

Infezione congenita postnatale

Page 18: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rosolia

diagnosi d’infezione postnatale

Non realizzabile

- spesso asintomatica

- sintomatologia aspecifica:

esantema, febbre, artralgie

Diagnosi

clinica

indiretta:

RV-IgG, IgM, AI

diretta:

RT-PCR, colture

Diagnosi di

laboratorio

Page 19: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

15 30 60 days

R

A

S

H

B culture

PCR

IgM

IgG NP

Rubella

contact

Rosolia

Cinetica infezione postnatale

Page 20: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

IgG -/+

Sieroconversione

Aumento titolo IgG con IgM +

Rosolia

diagnosi d’infezione postnatale

Page 21: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Infezione primaria

recente

IgM

+ Persistenza dopo:

- infezione primaria

- vaccinazione

Reinfezione

(molto rara nei paesi

sviluppati)

Attivazione aspecifica

S.I

IgM

+

Rosolia

diagnosi d’infezione postnatale

Page 22: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Cinetica IgM sp

Infezione primaria e IgM anti-RV

Compaiono entro una settimana dall’esantema e sono evidenziabili per 6-8 settimane

Page 23: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Infezione primaria

recente

IgM

+ Persistenza dopo:

- infezione primaria

- vaccinazione

Reinfezione

(molto rara nei paesi

sviluppati)

Attivazione aspecifica

Sistema Immunitario

IgM

+

Ma anche

Rosolia

diagnosi d’infezione postnatale

Page 24: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

//

IgM: infezione primaria

IgM: vaccinazione

0 15 60 180 giorni anni

Contatto RV

Vaccinazione

Rash

Persistenza IgM RV

//

Page 25: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Tre controlli di IgG e IgM, a distanza di

2-4 settimane, testati insieme ai

prelievi precedenti (congelati)

Persistenza IgM RV

Page 26: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Caso clinico

Ia gravidanza: IgM positive per rosolia in 5^ SG, non vaccinata, non esantema,

non contatti a rischio

data Rosolia

IgM (R1)

Rosolia

IgG (UI/ml)

Rosolia

Avidità (%)

17-10-05 4.1 24.2 83

26-10-05 4.1 24.7 n.e.2

23-11-05 4.3 28.8 n.e.

28-12-05 3.5 31.9 n.e.

12-01-06 4.1 30.2 n.e.

09-06-06

Controllo al parto 3.9 19.6 n.e.

Persistenza di IgM

1 R, rapporto tra la densità ottica del siero in esame e del siero cut-off;

2 n.e., non eseguito

Page 27: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

REINFEZIONE

Più frequente dopo vaccinazione

Transmissione al feto: molto rara 8% <12^

Nessuna relazione a particolari genotipi virali

nè ad alterazioni del S.I.

Diagnosi di laboratorio

aumento del titolo IgG

IgM +/-

AI RV: alta

Page 28: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Attivazione aspecifica Sistema

Immunitario

Rubella IgG

Rubella IgM

VCA IgG

VCA IgM

Anti-EBNA

HSV IgG HSV

IgM

CMV IgG

CMV IgM

Mother + + + + + + + + +

Page 29: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

RV-IgG avidità (AI)

dipende:

dal tempo dopo l’infezione

test usato

cinetica differente dopo infezione primaria e

vaccinazione

Page 30: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Blenda Bottiger B., Panum Jensen I., Clinical and Diagnostic Virology (1997) 105-111

Andrade JQ eT all., Journal of Clinical Virology 35 (2006) 285-29

AI RV matura entro 6 settimane

dall’infezione

Infezione primaria e AI RV

Page 31: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50 100 150

Days

Avidity Index

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4Avidity index

Measurement of IgG avidity

Vauloup-Fellous C. and Grangeot-Keros L., Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14: 644-7

RV-IgG avidity index in samples taken less than 6 months after primary rubella infection

or after rubella vaccination

Page 32: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

11 pazienti a 60 giorni dalla diagnosi di

infezione rubeolica

C.Giraldi

2 5

1

1

2

AI alto AI moderato AI basso

IgM neg

IgM indet

IgM pos

Page 33: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

IgM +++

AV IgG RV bassa

Rosolia

diagnosi di infezione primaria recente

Page 34: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rosolia

ruolo del laboratorio

DIAGNOSI

Infezione (materna) postnatale

Stato immunitario

Infezione congenita prenatale

Infezione congenita postnatale

Page 35: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Stato immunitario RV

RV-IgG > cut-off immunità

RV-IgG < cut-off suscettibile

(vaccinazione)

RV-IgG GZ : equivoco le gestanti devono essere

considerate suscettibili

Page 36: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

IgG - IgM –

IgG eq IgM -

Vaccinazione

IgG + IgM -

Soggetto immune

Nessuna necessità di

successivi controlli

sierologici Evitare il concepimento

per un mese

Soggetto

suscettibile

PRE-GRAVIDANZA

DETERMINAZIONE STATO IMMUNITARIO PER ROSOLIA

Controllo sierologico

dopo un mese PD infezioni a trasmissione

verticale: virus della rosolia

Page 37: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

CRITICITÀ IN GRAVIDANZA

Molte donne ignorano il proprio stato

immunologico vs rosolia

Page 38: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

DIAGNOSI INDAGINI DI LABORATORIO

STATO IMMUNITARIO IgM, IgG

Ruolo del laboratorio

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 // SG

Tit

olo

an

tico

rpi

IgG+ IgM -

Gestante immune

No follow up

Page 39: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

DIAGNOSI INDAGINI DI LABORATORIO

STATO IMMUNITARIO IgM, IgG

Ruolo del laboratorio

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 // SG

Tit

olo

an

tico

rpi

IgG- IgM - Gestante non immune

follow up

Page 40: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Controlli mensili IgG e IgM anti rosolia fino alla 20^

e in prossimità del parto

Vaccinazione post partum

Gestante non immune o con titolo equivoco

follow up

Ministero della Salute: Piano nazionale per l’eliminazione del morbillo e

della rosolia congenita (PNEMoRc) 2010-2015

Page 41: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Quesito: standardizzazione IgG?

Page 42: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Assays Mean

IU/mL

Abbott-Architect 46.9

Roche - Cobas 6000/Elecsys/Modular 383

International Standard used for calibration of Abbott and Roche kits:

RUBI-1-94

1st NIBSC international standard / 3rd WHO reference standard preparation

EQA: results

Page 43: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Assays Cut-off

IU/mL

IgG (mean)

IU/mL

EQ1 EQ2 EQ3

Abbott Architect 10 46.9 44.8 21.6

Abbott AxSYM 10 76.7 75.7 44.5

Beckman Access/DXI 15 115 63.2 56.7

DiaSorin Liaison 11 117 31.2 62.3

Siemens Immulite 10 130 54.4 56

Biomérieux Vidas 15 131.5 93.9 57.9

Ortho Vitros 10 326 49.3 143.3

Roche: Cobas 6000/ Elecsys/ Modular 10 383 255.8 89.9

Siemens Advia Centaur 10 > 500 110.8 180.7

EQA: results

Page 44: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,
Page 45: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

322 samples pretested-negative RV-IgG

(from France, Italy and Germany)

Re-tested with

- 8 commercial immunoassays (CIAs)

- 1 Immuno-blot (Ib)

- 1 Neutralization assay (Nt)

Working group study 2012-2014

Reference

assays

E. Bouthry et al. Clin. Microbiol, 2016

Page 46: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Ib e NT 8 CIAs

risultato % n.85 (26.4%) veri negativi

neg 100

n.182 (56.5%) veri positivi

neg 9.9 - 40.1

eq 25.3 - 61.6

pos 6.0 - 64.8

E. Bouthry et al. Clin. Microbiol, 2016

322 samples pretested-negative RV-IgG

Quesito : standardizzazione gG

ampie variazioni dei titoli in UI/mL

Page 47: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

50% delle donne ritenute suscettibili con CIAs sono immuni con RV IB e Nt necessità di standardizzare RV IgG ed aumentare la loro sensibilità

conclusioni

E. Bouthry et al. Clin. Microbiol, 2016

Page 48: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rosolia

ruolo del laboratorio

DIAGNOSI

Infezione (materna) postnatale

Stato immunitario

Infezione congenita prenatale

Infezione congenita postnatale

Page 49: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Diagnosi prenatale

• Infezione primaria (<18^)

• Reinfezione < 12^ (?)

Indicazioni

• Vaccinazione

accidentale in

gravidanza

Nessuna indicazione

Page 50: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Diagnosi prenatale

• in 20^- 21^

• 6-8 settimane dopo

l’infezione materna

Quando?

Page 51: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Prenatal Diagnosis of congenital rubella infection

samples and techniques

AMNIOTIC FLUID FETAL BLOOD

• viral RNA

• virus isolation

• IgM

• viral RNA

• virus isolation

Performing molecular tests in multiple replicates

Page 52: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Fetus no., pregnancy

outcome

Wk of gestation to time of: Sample

Prenatal

RV detection by: Rv fetal

IgM Maternal Rv

infection Prenatal diagnosis

Directi RT-nPCR

Culture RT-nPCR

Rv isolation

1. TOP at 23 wk 5 23 AF

FB

+

+

+

+

+

+ +

2. TOP at 22 wk 5 19 AF + + - ND

3. Term, neonatal death 11 15

22

AF

FB/AF

-

+/+

-

+/+

-

+/+

ND

+

4.TOP at 23 wk 6 15 AF

CV

+

-

+

-

+

ND

5.TOP at 18 wk 5 17 AF + + + ND

6.TOP at 21 wk 10 19 AF

FB

+

+

+

-

+

- +

7.TOP at 19 wk 10 18 AF

FB

+

-

-

-

-

- +

8. term, congenital inf. 18 23 AF + - - +

TOP = termination of pregnancy, AF = amniotic fluid FB = fetal blood CV = chorionic villus

Comparison of direct RT-nPCR with clinical samples with culture-Rt-PCR and virus isolationfor RV detection in prenatal from eight cases of fetal RV trasmission (M.G.Revello 1997)

Page 53: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Rubella in pregnancy: Intrauterine trasmission and perinatal outcome

during a Brazilian epidemic Andrade JQ, Bunduki V, Curti SP, Figueiredo CA, de Oliveira MI, Zugaib M

Journal of Clinical Virology 35 (2006) 285-29

Gestational wk at appearance of maternal

symptoms

Wk of gestation to time of prenatal

diagnosis

Amniotic fluid PCR Serology

(fetal blood)

7 28 Positive IgM absent

8 22 Positive IgM absent

6 21 Positive NP

4 23 Positive NP

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Rosolia

ruolo del laboratorio

DIAGNOSI

Infezione (materna) postnatale

Stato immunitario

Infezione congenita prenatale

Infezione congenita postnatale

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Conferma o sospetto di

infezione in gravidanza

Conferma dei risultati

della diagnosi prenatale

(+ o -)

Quadro clinico

suggestivo di CRS alla

nascita

Diagnosi di infezione congenita alla nascita

Page 56: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Diagnosis of congenital rubella

infection in newborn

Serology (not cord blood) Virology

• IgM

• IgG ‘persistence’ (>6 months)

detection of viral RNA/isolation

- blood

- urine

- nasopharynx

- liquor

Infectious Diseases 2004

Page 57: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

months years infants/children 0-1 1-4 5-8 9-12 13-20 3-15

% w

ith

po

siti

ve c

ult

ure

s 100 –

90 –

80 –

70 –

60 –

50 –

40 –

30 –

20 –

10 –

0

% VIRUS EXCRETION IN INFANTS/CHILDREN

WITH CONGENITAL RUBELLA INFECTION, BY AGE

INFECTIOUS DISEASES of the FETUS and NEWBORN INFANT Remington and Klein

Page 58: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

UOC Microbiologia

n. Infezioni

materne

Epoca

gestazionale Neonato: esiti

16 ≤ 12^ n.16 IVG

11 > 12^

n. 5 infezioni congenite

(CRI)

n. 6 neonati non infetti

n.27 infezioni materne esiti sul neonato

2008-2012

CRI: infezione da rosolia congenita

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Diagnosi n.5 CRI (2008 -2012)

UOC Microbiologia

1

3 1

1

1

3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

neonato (n.1) neonato (n.1) neonati (n.3)

IgM + RNA RV - IgM - RNA RV +

Page 60: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

Congenital rubella infections by year and classification in Italy

2005-2015

(N=84 76 confirmed and 8 probable cases*)

5.2 per 100,000 live births

3.9 per 100,000 live births

At least one clinical manifestation was reported for 62 cases: • Congenital heart disease (43 children) • Hearingloss (29) • Cataract (13) • Meningoencephalitis (11) • Microcephaly (11)

Giambi C, Del Manso M, Bella A, Filia A, Rota MC, Nacca G, e Declich S. Rosolia congenita e in gravidanza News, March 2016.

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messaggi

Attenzione datazione infezione

Raccomandazioni

stato immunitario prima della gravidanza

vaccinazione post partum/IVG

sierologia dopo vaccinazione

gestazione dopo 4 settimane dalla vaccinazione

diagnosi prenatale in Centri di Riferimento

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PERCORSO DIAGNOSTICO - ANNO 2013

Page 63: III sessione ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE - laboratoriovirologiacs.it · Estimates of the median incidence of CRS per 100,000 live births by country in 2010 Vynnycky E, Adams EJ, Cutts FT,

III° sessione

ROSOLIA E SIFILIDE

grazie