how cprs works

7/23/2019 How CPRS Works

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ENMAX® CPRS® ENMAX TECHNOLOGY(SHANGHAI) CO. • SHAN

How CPRS WENMAX ®



Enmax® CPRS®

Enmax CPRS is a new technique, using dissimilar meand removal of paraffin, scale and corrosion;

CPRS, Non-magnetic, non-electric, and no chemicenvironmental friendly, is the state of art method toand industrial water;

The Enmax CPRS is comprised of nine dissimilar metand Ni, etc., which forms a special catalyst when pwith fluids

The metals act as a special catalyst to enable electro-static potential of the fluids, inhibiting thbetween particles in the fluids

Suspending solids and inhibiting the formation oand corrosion.

The metals are non-sacrificing during the react



Scale

The deposit created as the thermodynamic chawater (heating or change in the pressure) is cal

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium c(MgCO3) (with binders)are most common scaleindustrial water systems.

Scaling occurs when the chemistry and temperare such that the dissolved mineral salts in the wto precipitate and form solid deposits. These ca

a fine silt, or can build up in layers on the metal systems.

Scale is a problem because it insulates and heabecomes less efficient as the scale thickens, whenergy.

Scale also narrows pipe widths and therefore inenergy used in pumping the water through the



Scale Formation

Co32-

HCo31-

Misc.

So42- Sr 2+

Ba2+

Ca2+

Mg2+

ConditionChanges

CaCo3

MgCo3

Pr

Ca2+ + CO32- ➡ CaCO3⬇

Ca2+ + 2HCO3- ➡ CaCO3⬇ + H2O + CO2⬆

Mg2+ + 2HCO3- ➡ MgCO3⬇ + H2O + CO2⬆



Electrochemical Cell Effect of CPRS

When fluids pass thru CPRS and awith the dissimilar metals, the medifferent electro negativity and tcontaining Ca2+, Mg2+, CO3

2-, SOwill become an electrochemica

The metal with higher electro nebecome anode, and the lower obecome cathode, resulting in m

Anode will lose electrons, and caacquire electrons, the ions in thepositive charges will move to cawith negative charges will movea new dynamic balance reache

Cathode Anode

Ca2+

Mg2+ CO32- SO4

2-

HCO-

C1-



When Water is in contact with Dissimilar M

When water pass thru Celectrochemical cells wmicro electric field to pform ”water dipoles”;

As electro negativities are lower than the ionssome electrons will loseto become “free elect

These ”Water dipoles”electrons” will replace ions, CO3

2-、HCO3-、SO

captured by the lowernegativity ion or colloidMg2+、SiO2、Al2O3, Fe2

break away the bindinMg2+ from CO3

2-、SO42

form Ca0、Mg0 .

H2O H2O- +

e _ Ca2+ Ca0

Ions wth +

Ions with -



How Prevention & Removal of Scale Achie

The “water dipoles” and “free eleceffect will:

Inhibit the binding between theand negatively charged ions (Cand CO3

2-, SO42-), as well as bin

materials (SiO2, Al2O3） inside th

Break down the Lattice betweebinding or bound ions to stop thformation of scale;

Gradually breakdown the silicaalumna from existing scale lattiflush the deposits away with the

Scale



Microscopic Test of Water Sample

Untreated Water Treated Wate



Corrosion

Corrosion is a process thawhen essential properties material begin to deteriorexposure to elements thathe environment. Most oftdeterioration is noticed in referred to as rust.

Corrosion degrades the uof materials and structurestrength, appearance anto liquids and gases, and detrimental to industrial e



How Rust and Corrosion are developed?

Loss of metal occurs in an anodic area (an

surface. In the case of iron, iron (Fe0) is lostsolution and becomes oxidized to Fe2+ ion.

As a result of the formation of Fe2+, two elreleased from the Fe atom and flow throuarea (cathode).

Oxygen (O2) in the water solution moves tcompletes the electric circuit by using the moved to the cathode to form hydroxyl io

cathodic area.

Anodic reaction: Fe0 → Fe2+ + 2e-

Cathodic reaction:1/2 O2 + H2O + 2e- → 2

Or e- + H+ → HO

Fe2+ ,OH- combine to form ferrous hydroxid

Fe2+ +Fe2+ + 2OH-→ Fe(OH)2

When Fe（OH）2"is oxidized: 2Fe(OH)2 + 1

Carbon Steel

Fe2+ Fe(OH)2 2(OH-)

Fe2O3

1/2 O2 + H2O

1/2 O2

Ru

st

Anode Cathode



“Water Dipoles” Effect

碳钢

H 2

O

-

+

H 2

O

-

+

H 2

O

-

+

H 2

O

-

+

H 2

O

-

+

H 2

O

-

+

H 2

O

-

+

O2 + H2O Outer e- OF Fe

When water pass thru CPRSelectrochemical cells will crmicro electric field to polariform ”water dipoles”;

The positive end of the watwill be captured by the outelectrons of the carbon stee

A “water film” will be formesurface of carbon steel to pfurther oxidation.



“Free Electrons” Effect

Corrosion can be inhibited if thmore negative compared to iforcing the anode areas to ac

By the attraction of some of thelectrons in the water solution CPRS) onto the anodic areas, preventing the ionization of th

The additional “free electronsrust by breaking it into fine colCarbon Steel

Fe2+ + 2e- → Fe0

Fe2+ Fe2+ Fe2+ Fe2+ Fe2+ Fe2+ Fe2+

O2 + H2O O2 + H2O O2 + H2O



Chloride and H2S Corrosion

If small amount of Chloride ethe electrochemical cell of Cprevent the chloride corrosio

Zn + Cl2 → Zn2+ + 2Cl-

Cl2 + H2O → HClO + HC

Zn + 2H+ + ClO- → ZN2+

If small amount of H2S exists, the following will occur:

Cu + H2S → CuS+ H2

If some other oxidizer, such abromine, iodine, exist, after Cthe related corrosions will beeliminated.

Cl2,

H2S

Cl-,

CuS



CO2 Corrosion

Carbon dioxide is soluble in water, in wforms H2CO3 (carbonic acid), which is asince its ionization in water is incomplet

The formation of H2CO3 will reduce theproduce CO2 corrosion as FeCO3:

CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3-

HCO3- → H+ + CO3

2-

2H+ + 2e- → H2 (Cathode reaction

Fe → Fe2+ + 2e-(Anode reaction)

The fluid treated by CPRS will generate neutralize H+ and move pH up, which wcontrol CO2 corrosion:

O2 + 2H2O + 4e- → 4OH-



Paraffin and Asphaltene

As part of the composition of crudeand asphaltene can be found in thworld’s crude oil.

When the crude oil is in the formatiformation temperatures, paraffin astay as liquid or particles and do nproblem.

As the paraffin and asphaltene mowellbore with crude oil, temperatuparaffin and asphaltene starts to solarger particles.

Once paraffin and asphaltene starfall out of suspension, it must be treconsiderable production decreaserelated problems will result in the oproduction, transportation and stor



Paraffin and Asphaltene issues

Formation Tubing String Wellhead TransportationMeteringstations

Transferstations



蜡和沥青质在原油中的状态

Paraffin and asphaltene exist in the crumicelles;

The essential feature is that the polar gas S-“negative” and/or N-“negative” a“negative” containing groups) are cotowards the center. This often is termewater internal or water-in-oil emulsion.

When crude oils flow into a wellbore, itand temperature decreases. The“Center”(Paraffin/asphaltene/water/cwould be released from the water-in-owith the paraffin solidifying and aspha

at the reduced temperature condition

WAX/ASPHAL

TEN/WATER/

CLAY

BEFORE CPRS



How CPRS Prevent the Paraffin/Asphalten

Buildup?

As stated above, crude oils are madwhich contain paraffin, asphaltene aWhen crude oil flows into a wellboretemperature are reduced. As the fluparaffin changes to a solid form andgrow, the deposits will obstruct the flproblems.

CPRS can provides an electrochemiwhich stabilizes the water-in-oil emuland prevents paraffin and asphaltenreleased from the micelle structure.

This allows the solution to move smoothrough the pipe without causing de

WAX/ASPHAL

TEN/WATER/C

LAY

AFTER CPRS



Enmax® CPRS®

During the fluid treating process, the cCPRS will generate electrochemical celectrons to the fluid in catalytic mannelectron deficiencies in the fluid. This eelectrochemical changes to occur tha

Prevent scale and corrosion for

Dissolve existing scale and corro

Inhibition of undesirable oxidati Prevent paraffin and asphalten

Decrease gaseous content, anspecific gravity of the crude

breakdown and leach away exand asphaltene.

how cprs works

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