Architecture in the PHPREHISPANIC

HISTARC 4

Philippine Architecture During the Pre-Spanish and Spanish PeriodsAr. Norma I. Alarcon

Diksiyonaryong Biswal ng Arkitekturang FilipinoAr. Rino Fernandez

Srivijaya Empire

Majapahit Empire

Srivijaya

In Sanskrit, śrī means "fortunate", "prosperous", or "happy" and vijaya means "victorious" or "excellence".

Srivijaya (650 –1377)

was a dominant thalassocratic city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.

Thalassocracy - is a state with primarily maritime realms—an empire at sea, sea-borne empire.

Maitreya Buddha

South Sumatran Gending Sriwijaya dance

Chola invation of Sri Vijaya

Traditional clothes South Sumatra

Aesan Gede

Srivijaya

Srivijaya

visaya

Majapahit

Majapahit (1293–1527)• Majapahit was one of the last

major empires of the region and is considered to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, one that is sometimes seen as the precedent for Indonesia's modern boundaries.

The name Majapahit derives from local Javanese, meaning "bitter maja“.

Wringin Lawang, Trowulan

The houses of commoners had thatched roofs (nipa palm leaves). Every family has a storage shed made of bricks, about 3 or 4 Ch'ih (48.9 inches or 124 centimetres) above the ground, where they kept the family property, and they lived on top of this building, to sit and sleep.

KRIS

Later on, the Javanese Majapahit empire took control over the Srivijaya and became the leading Buddhist cultural centre from 1292 to 1478 in

Southeast Asia.

Samtoy (Low-land)

Pamgpang (Shore)Majapahit Empire

Ilog (River)

Travel to the PH for miles will create…The “FILIPINO CULTURE”

“Racial Memory”

Mindanao

MaguindanaoMajapahit Empire

Sultanate of Butuan

Mesolithic Period

Negrito People

Neolithic Period

Malay/Indo People

Architectural Character of Pre-Spanish Period Structures• Archaeological records indicated that Filipino villages were

established either near bodies of water or in a swidden or slashed and burned agricultural environment.

Architectural Character of Pre-Spanish Period Structures• Accordig to Robert Fox, early Filipinos live along the coasts or rivers

due to the following factors:1. The daily diet of early Filipinos were mostly food from the sea. Animals like

chicken, pig, or carabaos, were treated more as ritual or festival foods.2. Their fishing imprelemts provided more yield than those used for hunting.

Hunting was more of a game than a pre-occupation.3. The water provided a good means of travel since roads did not exist until

the Spanish times.4. The bodies of water were the major source for bathing, washing and

drinking.

In both environments, houses were not built permanently and were therefore made of light, flexible materials like nipa and bamboo. Community environment allowed constant communal relocation. The usual community design had the chieftain’s house at the center and was usually big to allow community conferences and other ceremonies. Around the large house were smaller houses of the members of the community.

The following are the common features of the houses, some of which are still in use;• STILTS. With plans which where either square, rectangual, or octagonal,

most houses are elevated from the ground to avoid the dampness during the rainy season or the heat emanating from the ground during the warm season.

Elevating the house also provided protection from insects, vermin, wild animal, and floods.

Flooring may be of wood, bamboo rattan, beaten bark or removable reed mat on wooden floor joists.

The following are the common features of the houses, some of which are still in use;• POSTS. Structural components like the posts and beams are made of

wood, tree trunks or bamboo. Some parts of the Philippines have a symbolic purpose for their columns.

The following are the common features of the houses, some of which are still in use;• WALLS. Walls are made of with wooden panels, tree bark, nipa,

bamboo, sawali, coconut and palm leaves, cogon grass and buri palm on wooden land bamboo framing.

The following are the common features of the houses, some of which are still in use;• ROOFING. The roof may be hipped, gabled or pyramidal in form with

wooden or bamboo framing.

Roof design is sometimes influenced by its environment like that of the Ifugao house which contextualizes with the physical heights of the Cordillera mountains or that of the Isnegs, known as boat builders, who build their roof with the form of an inverted boat.

Ifugao house

Isneg house

The following are the common features of the houses, some of which are still in use;• STAIRS. The stairs may be a single log with notches as teps or may be

of bamboo frame with split bamboo as steps.

• DOORS. Either sliding or hinged may be of wooden panels, bamboo, or sawali.

• WINDOWS. Which are rarely provided, are made of wooden panels, bamboo, buri, nipa, and sawali and may be of the sliding or awning type.

Examples of Ethnic Houses• Cave – callao cave (formerly tabon cave).

Examples of Ethnic Houses• Lean-to dwelling

• Wind-shield or one-sided lean-to with or without flooring• Single-pitched roof supported by rafters.

Examples of Ethnic Houses• Tree-house

• Gaddang• Kalinga

• Manobo• Mandaya• Moros• Negritoes• Bagobo• Mandaya• Bilaan• Ilongot

Manobo tree house

Bagobo house

FINAL PLATE (PLATE # 2)

PLATE # 1• Bring the following next week:

• Scissors• Folder/ Any hard paper/ Cardboard• Glue• Cutter• Cutting Mat• Tsquare• Triangle

PLATE # 1• 4-5 groups

• Assigned dioramas will be given via email

• To be passed on the day itself

Movie• Suggest a Filipino movie (related to architecture) before next week.

Pizza• P300 1 box mine

Colonial: Earthquake Baroque

Colonial: Non-ecclesiastical

Colonial: American

Colonial: Neo-Classical

Colonial: Art Noveau & Art Deco

Post War PH Architecture

Philippine Architects 20th Century

21st Century PH Architecutre

Heritage Convervation

• Topics next week

• Regional pre-Hispanic houses

• Part 1 – Colonial (Earthquake Baroque)

See you next week!