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History of Architecture -- Cloned from: History of Architecture

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SeaFaring people ho have learned

to expolit natural resources

Aegean Cultures

Smooth stone masonry laid so that

joints are visable

Ashlar Masonry

Time imported and bronze createdBronze Age

A Fortress in a commanding

position in or near a city

Citadel

Walls made o very large stones,

only minimally shaped

Cyclopean masonry

Several related mural painting

types, done on plaster on walls orceilings (Jumping Bulls)

Frescoes

LabyrinthAn elaborate maze, made to trap a

minotaur(half man half bull)

Lustral-Basin A pool used or ritual purification

Megaron

Rectangular room having a central

hearth and four columns supporting

a roof ith an atrium opening

Acaanthus leafA plant used as a model for

decoration on Corinthian and

composite capitals

Acropolis

"High city" In greek states theacropolis as the location of the

most important temples andreligious shrines

Agora

In greek cities the term applied to

the area of markets and citygovernment

Archaic Very old or old fashioned

CaryatidA pier carved in the form of a

standing woman and used in place

of a column

An egg shaped ornament

Egg and Dart alternating with a dart shaped one

Entasis

The slight outward curve of a

column, which then tapers towardthe top of the shaft

Fret or Greek KeyAn artistic meander pattern of

decorative border

Golden sectionProportion where A:B is same as

B:A+B

HellenesWaning of old greek religion, larger

sized cities

HellenisticPeriod of Greek history betweendeath of Alexander the Great and

the annexation of the romans

Orders of Architecture

The trabeated systems ofarchitecture develped by the

Greeks and extended by theRomans. The Greek orders, Doric,

Ionic, and Corinthian - Differslightly from the Roman orders.

The Romans develped the Tuscan

and Composite order

Polis Ancient Greek City state

Polychromy

The decorative use of colored

stone, seen primarily in medieval

architecture

Temenos

A piece of land cut off and

assigned as an official domain,

especially to kings and chiefs, or apiece of land marked off from

common uses and dedicated to a

god, a sanctuary or holy grave

TempleIs a structure resered for relgious

or spiritual activites

TholosA dome over a circular plan

building or more generally the

building itself

Stoa

In greek architecture a linear

building with one or more rows of

columns, stoas could be used forshops, meetings, exhibitions

Cella or NoasThe shrine room in the center of a

temple

Base

The lowest part of a column or pier

often broader than the sections

avobe to spread the load to thefoundation

Shaft

The vertical element above the

base and below the capital in an

architectural order

Capital

In classical architecture the

termination of a column, generally

given a decorative carving

ArchitraveIn classical architecture the bottom

portion o an entablature

Frieze

The horizontal element above the

architrave and belo the cornice inan entablature

Flutes or FlutingVertical grooves incessed in the

shaft of a classical column

MetopeAn element of the doric frieze set

alternately with triglyphs. Panels

contain low relief carvings

PedimentThe gable end of a temple framed

with cornices

Peristyle A colonnaded court or garden

StylobateThe base, usually having steps on

which a colonnaded temple sits

TriglyphA channeled block set between

metopes in a doric frieze

VoluteA decorative spiral found in Ionic,

Corinthian and composite capitals

Cornice

The uppermost element of anentablature, which projects beyond

the plane of the exterior wall: more

generally , the overhanging molding

atop any building

AmphitheaterAn area with raked seating

arranged around a circular or oval

floor

Apse

Ther termination of the nave of a

basilica or the choir in a basilican

church