health coordination: a bridge between the u.n. and the inter-american systems pan american health...
TRANSCRIPT
HEALTH COORDINATION:HEALTH COORDINATION:A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE U.N. A BRIDGE BETWEEN THE U.N.
AND THE INTER-AMERICAN AND THE INTER-AMERICAN SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Pan American Health Organization / Pan American Health Organization / World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization
Program on Emergency Program on Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Preparedness and Disaster
ReliefRelief
Pan American Health OrganizationPan American Health Organization
Pan American Health OrganizationPan American Health OrganizationPAHOPAHO
• established in 1902established in 1902• 35 member governments35 member governments• 3 participating European governments3 participating European governments
World Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWHOWHO
• created in 1946created in 1946• 190 Member Countries190 Member Countries• specialized UN agencyspecialized UN agency• PAHO serves as Regional Office for the PAHO serves as Regional Office for the
AmericasAmericas
Health is a state of complete Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.absence of disease or infirmity.
World Health Organization ConstitutionWorld Health Organization Constitution
Mandate of the ProgramMandate of the ProgramDirecting Council ResolutionDirecting Council Resolution
19761976
• formulate a plan of action for different formulate a plan of action for different types of disasterstypes of disasters
• make and inventory of available resourcesmake and inventory of available resources• prepare and disseminate manual and prepare and disseminate manual and
guidelinesguidelines
Directing Council ResolutionDirecting Council Resolution19801980
• assist the health sector of Member assist the health sector of Member Countries to develop disaster Countries to develop disaster preparedness programs for natural and preparedness programs for natural and technological disasters of public health technological disasters of public health importanceimportance
Directing Council ResolutionDirecting Council Resolution19871987
• allocate personnel and a budget in allocate personnel and a budget in accordance with their vulnerabilityaccordance with their vulnerability
• attach the highest priority to the rapid and attach the highest priority to the rapid and objective assessment of health needsobjective assessment of health needs
Request Member Countries to:Request Member Countries to:
PAHO Organizational ChartPAHO Organizational Chart
Governing Bodies
Director/Deputy Director
Assistant Director
Health andHuman
Development
Health Promotion and
Protection
Health Systems and
Services
Healthand
Environment
DiseasePreventionand Control
Vaccinesand
Immunization CountryPrograms
SubregionalInitiatives
EmergencyPreparedness and
Disaster Relief
DecentralizationDecentralizationof Servicesof Services PAHO HeadquartersPAHO Headquarters
Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.
Caribbean Subregional OfficeCaribbean Subregional OfficeBridgetown, BarbadosBridgetown, Barbados
Documentation Center (CRID) Documentation Center (CRID) & SUMA HQ in San Jose, Costa Rica& SUMA HQ in San Jose, Costa Rica
South America Subregional OfficeSouth America Subregional OfficeQuito, EcuadorQuito, Ecuador
Program ObjectivesProgram Objectives
Before a disasterBefore a disaster After a disasterAfter a disaster
Prevention,Prevention,mitigation,mitigation,preparednesspreparedness
CoordinationCoordinationof internationalof international
assistanceassistance
NATURALNATURALDISASTERSDISASTERS
OTHERSOTHERSVOLCANICVOLCANICERUPTIONSERUPTIONS
HURRICANESHURRICANESFLOODSFLOODS
EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKESLANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
TECHNOLOGICALTECHNOLOGICALDISASTERSDISASTERS
OTHERSOTHERSCHEMICALCHEMICALACCIDENTSACCIDENTS
EXPLOSIONSEXPLOSIONS
FIRESFIRES
AIRCRAFTAIRCRAFTACCIDENTSACCIDENTS
RADIATIONRADIATIONACCIDENTSACCIDENTS
““COMPLEX”COMPLEX”DISASTERSDISASTERS
REFUGEES/REFUGEES/IDPsIDPs
ARMEDARMEDCONFLICTSCONFLICTS
CIVILCIVILSTRIFESTRIFE
Latin America and the Caribbean move from Latin America and the Caribbean move from Ad Hoc Disaster Response to PreventionAd Hoc Disaster Response to Prevention
Disasters andDisasters andDevelopmentDevelopment
Mitigation andMitigation andPreparednessPreparedness
PreparednessPreparednessand Responseand Response
ResponseResponse19761976
EarthquakeEarthquakein Guatemalain Guatemala
19851985EarthquakeEarthquakein Mexicoin Mexico
19991999MitchMitch
A national network of:A national network of:
• healthhealth disaster focal points disaster focal points– Ministries of HealthMinistries of Health– Social SecuritySocial Security– PAHO/WHOPAHO/WHO
• focal points infocal points in– Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs– United NationsUnited Nations– . . .. . .
We need . . .We need . . .
• Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs• mass mediamass media• armed forcesarmed forces• industry/private sectorindustry/private sector• NGOs and volunteersNGOs and volunteers• parliamentsparliaments• public opinion, schoolspublic opinion, schools
Coordination with Foreign AffairsCoordination with Foreign Affairs
• national policy on external assistance (received or national policy on external assistance (received or offered by the country)offered by the country)
• mutual assistance agreements with other countriesmutual assistance agreements with other countries• guidelines for diplomatic/consular personnelguidelines for diplomatic/consular personnel
• channel offers/requests for external assistancechannel offers/requests for external assistance• call donors meetingscall donors meetings• security of foreigners in he country or of nationals security of foreigners in he country or of nationals
abroadabroad
Before a disaster:Before a disaster:
After a disaster:After a disaster:
Coordination with Legislative Coordination with Legislative BodiesBodies
• emphasis on sustainable developmentemphasis on sustainable development• leading participation of economic/social leading participation of economic/social
development agencies and civilian development agencies and civilian institutionsinstitutions
Cooperation with Disaster or Health Cooperation with Disaster or Health Parliamentary Commissions to promote Parliamentary Commissions to promote legislation for disaster prevention, legislation for disaster prevention, preparedness and response.preparedness and response.
Assistance in Case of a DisasterAssistance in Case of a Disaster
Disasters don’t respect national Disasters don’t respect national bordersborders
International Health Assistance
PAHO/WHO Cooperation in PAHO/WHO Cooperation in DisastersDisasters
• Coordinates international health assistanceCoordinates international health assistance
• Provides technical cooperation in the health Provides technical cooperation in the health
fieldfield
• emergency satellite communicationsemergency satellite communications
Coordinating International Health Coordinating International Health AssistanceAssistance
• participates in the assessment of external health participates in the assessment of external health needsneeds
• contributes to OCHA Situation Reports for health contributes to OCHA Situation Reports for health matters, medical care, water, nutrition, environmental matters, medical care, water, nutrition, environmental health, . . .health, . . .
• assumes responsibility for health aspects of UNDAC assumes responsibility for health aspects of UNDAC operations when mobilizedoperations when mobilized
• informs donors of appropriateness of requests/offersinforms donors of appropriateness of requests/offers
Cooperation in disasters
PAHO/WHOPAHO/WHO
• specially trained staff in PAHO country offices specially trained staff in PAHO country offices and regional centersand regional centers
• experts from the regional disaster programsexperts from the regional disaster programs• consultants from the Regionconsultants from the Region
Cooperation in disasters
National disaster coordinators are National disaster coordinators are assisted in field assessments by:assisted in field assessments by:
PAHO/WHO Cooperation in PAHO/WHO Cooperation in DisastersDisasters
• coordinates international health coordinates international health
assistanceassistance
– Caribbean Response TeamCaribbean Response Team
• Provides technical cooperation in the Provides technical cooperation in the
health fieldhealth field
• emergency satellite communicationsemergency satellite communications
PAHO/WHO Technical PAHO/WHO Technical CooperationCooperation
• emergency technical adviceemergency technical advice• mobilization of resourcesmobilization of resources• direct implementation as a last resortdirect implementation as a last resort• return to development programs ASAPreturn to development programs ASAP
Cooperation in disasters
PAHO/WHO Cooperation in PAHO/WHO Cooperation in DisastersDisasters
• coordinates international health coordinates international health
assistanceassistance
– Caribbean Response TeamCaribbean Response Team
• Provides technical cooperation in the Provides technical cooperation in the
health fieldhealth field
• emergency satellite communicationsemergency satellite communications
Emergency Communications by Emergency Communications by SatelliteSatellite
• five INMARSAT type A and one type C five INMARSAT type A and one type C mobile satellite earth stations are mobile satellite earth stations are prepositionedprepositioned
• free use by the country for emergency free use by the country for emergency international telecommunicationsinternational telecommunications
Cooperation in disasters
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEINTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEIN PERSPECTIVE . . .IN PERSPECTIVE . . .
ASSISTANCE FROMWITHIN THE COUNTRY
EXTERNALASSISTANCE
(1-2%)
BILATERAL
MULTILATERAL
NGOs
Organization of American StatesOrganization of American StatesInter American Committee for the Inter American Committee for the
Reduction of Natural DisastersReduction of Natural DisastersOAS / IACNDROAS / IACNDR
• Established as a political forum to address Established as a political forum to address the topic in the context of development.the topic in the context of development.
• 3 Working Groups on:3 Working Groups on:– Emergency Preparedness and ResponseEmergency Preparedness and Response– Natural Disaster Reduction FinancingNatural Disaster Reduction Financing
– Vulnerability Assessment and IndexingVulnerability Assessment and Indexing
Centro de Coordinacion para la Centro de Coordinacion para la Prevencion de los Desastres Naturales Prevencion de los Desastres Naturales
en America Centralen America CentralCEPREDENACCEPREDENAC
• Established in 1988 for strengthening the Established in 1988 for strengthening the capacity of Central America to reduce the capacity of Central America to reduce the vulnerability of the population to disasters.vulnerability of the population to disasters.
• Supports the development of scientific Supports the development of scientific capability and the social dimensions of capability and the social dimensions of disaster prevention.disaster prevention.
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response AgencyResponse Agency
CDERACDERA
• Established in 1991 by CARICOM.Established in 1991 by CARICOM.• Main function is to make an immediate and Main function is to make an immediate and
coordinated response to any disaster.coordinated response to any disaster.• Management of information.Management of information.• Mitigation activities.Mitigation activities.• Coordinating Disaster Relief.Coordinating Disaster Relief.
Bilateral AgenciesBilateral Agencies
Neighboring countries
Neighboring countries
Neighboring countries
Neighboring countries
CanadaCanada USAUSA
United KingdomUnited KingdomNordicNordic
countriescountriesNetherlandsNetherlands
FranceFrance
JapanJapan
United Nations SystemUnited Nations System
UNDPUNDP
WFPWFP
WHO/WHO/PAHOPAHO
UNICEFUNICEF
UNFPAUNFPA
UNHCRUNHCR
• U.N. Secretariat, departments, programs or fundsU.N. Secretariat, departments, programs or funds• U.N. specialized agenciesU.N. specialized agencies
OCHAOCHA
NGOsNGOs
OXFAMOXFAM
MSFMSF
CARECARECRSCRS
Local NGOLocal NGOPADFPADF
• over 1,000 humanitarian NGOs are registeredover 1,000 humanitarian NGOs are registered• in some countries over 250 are presentin some countries over 250 are present
INTERACTIONINTERACTION
MEMBERSMEMBERS
Red CrossRed Cross
Red CrossRed CrossNational SocietiesNational Societies
IFRCSIFRCS
ICRCICRC
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (international) - natural disasters(international) - natural disasters
• International Committee of the Red Cross (Swiss) - civil war and conflictsInternational Committee of the Red Cross (Swiss) - civil war and conflicts• National SocietiesNational Societies
The Overview!The Overview!
PAHO/WHOPAHO/WHO
European Union/European Union/ECHOECHO
OASOAS
SICA/SICA/CEPREDENACCEPREDENAC
ConvenioConvenioHipólito UnánueHipólito Unánue
(CHU)(CHU)
CDERACDERA
CanadaCanada USAUSA
United KingdomUnited KingdomNordicNordic
countriescountriesNetherlandsNetherlands
FranceFrance
JapanJapan
DHA/UNDPDHA/UNDP
WFPWFP
WHO/WHO/PAHOPAHO
UNICEFUNICEF
UNFPAUNFPA
UNHCRUNHCROXFAMOXFAM
MSFMSF
CARECARECRSCRS
Local NGOLocal NGOPADFPADF
Red CrossRed CrossNational SocietiesNational Societies
IFRCSIFRCS
ICRCICRC
