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OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

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PROCLAMATION NO. 35112003IDGHER EDUCATION PROCLAMATION

WHEREAS, it has become necessary to lay down asystem and issue requirements that enable higher education toproduce qU!llityand skilled manpower adequately to meet theneeds of the country;

WHEREAS, it has become necessary to create ap-propriate legal framework so that research conducted byhigher education shall be problem solving and directdtowards the utilization of the potential resources of thecountry;

WHEREAS, it is necessary to provide for by law theacademic freedom and accountability of the higer educationinstitutions as well as their administration;

WHEREAS, it has become necessary to determine bylaw the directions of the private higher.education institutionsin order to promote their contribution in expanding educationand conducting research; .

NOW, THEREFORE, in "ccordance with Article 55 (1)of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic ofEthiopia, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:

PART ONEGeneral

1. Short TideThis Proclamation may be cited as .'Higher EducationProclamation No. 351/2003" .

2. DefinitionsIn this Proclamation, unless the context requiresotherwise:1) "Higher Education" me~ns education offered to

students who attend programmes stated in Article 5 ofthis Proclamation after they'have completed secon-daryeducation.

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5. Levels ofCun"iculum or Training

A curriculum to be developed by any institution shallhave programmes leading to the award of'1) diploma;2) first degree;3) second degree or medical speciality; and/or4) a doctoral (phD.) degree.

6. Objectives of Higher Education

Higher Education shall have the objectives to:1) produce skilled manpower in quantity and quality

that will serve the country in diffeent professions;2) expand higher education services that are free from

any discrimination on grounds of race, religIon, sex,.

politics and other similar grounds: ,3) provide equitable distribution of higher education

institutions:4) lay down problem-solving educational and ins-

titutional system that enables to utilize potentialresources of the country and undertake study andresearch;

5) provide higher education and social services that arecompatible with the needs and development of thecountry;

6) lay down an institutional system that ensures theaccountability of the institutions;

7) ensure the participation of all those concerned bodiesin administration decision-making create andpromote participator culture;

8) made efforts to develop and disseminate the cultureof respect tolarance and living together among thepeople.

7. Autonomy of Institutions1) Subject to limitations provided by other laws, any

institution shall have administrative autonomy.2) Without prejudice to the provisions of Sub-article (1)

of this Article, any institution shall have autonomyIll:(a) administration of personnel including em-

ployment:(b) financial administration;(c) subject to approval by the appropriate body

determining internal organization.(d) establishing relations with local and inter-

national countrparts.3) Subject to limitations provided by other laws, any

institution shall have academic freedom.

8. Establishiment1) Public institution under the Ministry or the Federal

Government organ shall be established by theregulations of the Council of Ministers.

2) Any public institution under the Regional Govern-ment shall be established by the law to be enacted bythe Regional Council.

3) A private institution shall be established, as the casemay be, in accordance with laws of associations,cornrnerciallaw, cooperati ves or other relevant laws.

9. Education Programmes1) Higher education offered by any institution may be

in the following programmes;(a) regular;(b) continuing and/or,(c) distance education.

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2) Without prejudice to the provisions of this

Proclamation and any other law, or directives orregulations issued pursuant to this Proclamation, theworking hours, leaves and other similar workingconditions of a jointly hired worker shall be deter-mined by the agreement of both employers,

3) A joint employing office shall allow its counterpart

to use a certain working time of the worker.4) Without prejudice to the provisions of Sub-Article

(2) of this Article, the Ministry shall issue specific

directives on joint employment and assignment ofthe academic staff.

25. Technical Support-giving StaffAny institution may have the following technicalsupport-giving staff:1) laboratory technicians;2) research assistants; and3) technical assistants,

26, Adminisfrative Support-giving StaffAny institution shall have administrative support-giving staff outside the academic staff and technicalsupport-giving staff.

27. Rights of Academic StaffWithout prejudice to the provisions of this Proclamationand other laws, an academic teacher of an institutionshall have the following rights:1) to exercise his rights provided by law;2) to make comments on the quality and ap-

propriateness of the teaching-learning process:3) to be entitled to promotion and fringe benefits after

having. fulfilled appropriate requirements;4) to be assigned to various positions of respon-

sibilities and entitled to get further education andtraining in accordance with the law;

5) not to be held liable for his personal views andbelief;

6) to render community and consultance services, and

be entitled to take research and sabbatical leaves toconduct research and studies beneficial to theinstitution and the country in accordance withinternal regulations of the institution.

28. Duties of Academic SaffWithout prejudice to the provisions of this Proclamationand other laws, an academic worker of an institutionshall have duty to:1) produce graduates who are cultivated in democratic

culture and are competent;2) devote himself to transmit or transfer his full

knowledge and skills to the students;3) Without prejudice to Sub-Articles (1) and (2) of

this Article, an acader.lic staff of an institution shaHhave the duty:(a) to teach and render services in accordance

with the internal regulations of the institution;(b) to undertake problem-solving studies and

researches beneficial to the country;(c) not to promote political partisanship, preach

religion, impose one's beliefs and views on thecommunity and students of the instit]..ltion atteaching places and in classrooms;

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - ~o. 72 3'vJuly, 2003-Page 2249

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Fm~0) UJ ."L 49. Sources of IncomeJJ:C:~'f.: foA ::

10'{} tJ~A Y'{}:"

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2) Articles 550-554 of the Commercial Code shallapply where a private institution merges with apublic institution.

SECTION THREEINCOME GENERATING ENTERPRISE

AND INCOME FUND

48. Establishment

An Income Generating Institution (hereinafter referredto as the' 'Enterprise' '), may be established upon therequest of the institution and approval of the Boards inany public institution.

1) The initial capital necessary for running of theEnterprise may be a budget allocated by thegovernment.

2) Without prejudice to Sub-article (1) ofthis Article,the Enterprise may have the following sources ofmcome:(a) an income gererated internally from the

services it renders and activities it carnies out;(b) a countribution made willingly by the staff of

the Enterprise;(c) donations; and(d) other income sources. .

3) Unutilized yearly income of the Enterprise shall betransferred to the next fiscal year.

50. Matters to be Determined by Law

Such and other relevant issues as activities of theEnterprise, areas of engagement, the amounts of capitalrequired to achieve its objectives, guiding principles ofadministrative matters and keeping accounts shall bedetermined by the establishing law of the institution.

51. Financial Report

Reports of balance sheet and its additional parts as wellas other income and expenditure reports of the Enter-prise shall be submitted to the Board within 6 monthsfrom the end of the fiscal year of the Enterprise.

Utilization of the Enterprise's Fund

Incomes of the Enterprise shall be used to purchasebooks and equipment and its accessories necessary toimplement various projects, implement researchprojects, award prizes to professionals of the institutionfor their outstanding performance and cover costsnecessary to realize the objectives of the institution.

52.

53. Income Fund

1) An Income Fund (hereinafter referred to as the

"Fund") may be set up in the public institution bythe decision of the Board or the Ministry.

2) The Fund and its incomes may be used for differentcapacity building activities ofthe institution, prizesand activities whose necessity is believed andapproved by the Board.

54. ~ources of Income of the Fund

The Fund shall have the following income sources:1) Contribution made by the Enterprise;

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2) Budget allocated to research from the institution'sbudget;

3) Unutilized finace of the Fund during the fiscal year;4) donations; and5) other incomes.

55. Matters to be Determined by Law

Such and other matters as powers and duties of theFund, powers and duties of its organs, powers of theExecutive to implement the objectives of the Fund shallbe determined by the law establishing the institution.

SECTION FOURMISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

56. Cost-Sharing

1) Any student who has graduated from highereducation of the public instituion is required toshare the cost of his education, training and otherservices on the basis of cost-sharing principle.

2) Payment of cost shall be effected in the form of taxpayable from the salary or other income obtainedafter graduation.

3) The execution of the principle of cost-sharing, theamount of tax payable, due date of payment, modeof payment for students who have not beenemployed and other relevant matters shall bedetermined by regulations of the Council of Minis-ters.

4) Mode of payment of the tax by a graduate who hasan obligation under Sub-article (2) of this Articleshall be determind by directives issued by theMinistry.

5) An employer of a graduate shall, for the purpose oftax provided under this Article, have the obligationand responsibilities of withholding agent under theIncome Tax Proclamation No. 286/2002.

57. Sources of Income and Utilization

1) The sources of income of a public instituion shallconsist of:(a) An annual block grant budget allocated by the

Government;(b) Subsideies made by the Government in cash

and kind;(c) Income generated from such services de-

livered by the institution as research, con-tinuing and distance education, consultancy,art and medical services as well as from sportsand such other activities of the institution;

(d) donations and different contributions;(e) Loans; and(f) Other income-sources.

2) The Regional Governments ,Woreda Councils orany other local administration may provide finan-cial or property assistance to a government ins-titution in the Region

3) The Regional'Governments, Woreda Councils orany other organs that provided support to theinstitutions pursunant to Sub-article (2) of thisArticle, may request appropriate services from theinstitution within limits of its capacity.

4) The public institution shall utilize the incomesobtained pursuant to Sub-article (1), (a), (b) and (e)in accordance with financiallaw.

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(a) verify the report;

(b) evaluate the academic and administrative status

of the instituion;(c) verify the application submitted pursuant to

Article 66 of this Proclamation.2) The Agency receiving the report of the assessment

committee shall, within 3-month period, submit

recommendations to the ministry.(a) for the issuance of accreditation where it finds

that the requirements set by law and the

Ministry have been met by the ins[itution;(b) for the denial of accreditation stating clearly

in detail defects, gaps and measures to be taken,

where it finds that the requirements prescribedby law and the Ministry have not been met.

68. Issuance of Accreditation Permit and Date of Validity1) The Ministry shall, upon receiving the recommen-

dations of the Agency and after ensuring that the

institution has met the requirements, issue

accreditation within 10 working days from the date

of its receipt.2) The accreditation certificate issued by the Ministry

shall serve only for the purpose it is issued for three

years.

69. Contents of the Accreditation

The accreditation certificate issued by the Ministry shall

indicate the status, institutional and programme con-

ditions, in addition to other matters to be determined by

the Minisry. .70. Effects of the Accreditation

Diplomas awarded by institutions with an accreditadon

permit shall have equal privileges and honour.

71. Renewal of Accreditation Permit1) Any accreditation permit shall be renewed every

three years before the beginning of academic year.2) The Ministry shall renew the accreditation permit

after ensuring that the institution has satisfied the

requirements stipulated by law and the Ministry.

3) Where the Ministry rejects a request for the renewal

of the accreditation, it shall notify to the institution

the grounds for the decision within 15 working days.

72. Charges for Accreditation Permit

Charges made by any institution for the issuance and

renewal of accreditation as well as for the promotion and

upgrading of the institution in accordance with law shall

be determind by regulations to be issued by the Council

of Ministers.

73. Issuance of a Substitute Accreditation Permit1) Any private institution may apply to the Ministry for

a substitute accreditation permit where its ac-

creditation permit is lost or damaged.2) The Ministry shall issue a substitute accreditation

permit in place of lost or damaged certificate upon

the receipt of application pursuant to Sub-Article(1) of this Article.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 72 3n1July, 2003-Page 2255

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3) The private institution whose accreditation cer-

tificate is damaged or lost shall submit statement ofjustification for the damage or loss of the ac-creditation permit signed personally.

4) The Ministry shall issue a substitute accreditation

permit after having received appropriate statementand published such request in a newspaper having anation-wide circulation.

74. Rejection of Accreditation

1) The Ministry shall not issue an accreditation permit

where the requesting institution does not satisfy therequirements stipulated by law and the Ministry foroffering higher educaticm services.

2) The Ministry shall notify to the requesting institution

in writing grounds for rejection of such request.3) An institution denied of accreditation pursuant to

Sub-Article (1) of this Article, shall reapply to theMinistry where it satisfies the requirements.

4) The Ministry shall announce the final decision of the

denial ofaccreditation permit using mass media thathave a nation-wide circulation.

S) Any diploma awarded by an institution without an

accreditation permit shall be invalid.6) Any institution denied of accreditation permit shall

take appropriate measures that the students ortrainees it admitted continue their education ortraining at other appropriate institutions.

75. Cancellation of Accreditation Permit

1) Any accreditation permit shall be cancelled on the

following grounds:(a) Where the Agency or the Board ensures that the

accreditation permit was issued on the produc-tion of false document;

(b) Where the in;titution contravenes the

provisions of this Proclamation or any otherrelevant law;

(c) Where the institution dissolves in accordance

with any relevant law(d) Where the institution fails to rectify defects

within the time fixed in the warning giveen bythe Ministry to it for the failure to satisfy thereuirements provided for by law, or for con-travening directives issued by the Ministrypursuant to Regulations of the Council ofMinisters.

2) The cancellation of accreditation permit pursuant to

Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall be effective afterthe completion of the undergoing activities of theinstitution. However, if the institution cannot carryon such activities, it shall take appropriate measuresthat the students and trainees continue their studies atother appropriate institutions.

3) Without prejudice to the provisions of relevant laws

and Sub-Article (2) of this Article, the institutionwhose accreditation permit;is cancelled Sh'l'j notengage in new training programmes transaction.

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2) The Agency shall utilize its income generated in

accordance with this Proclamation for implemen-

ting its powers and duties given to it by law.

SECTION TWO

HIGHER EDUCA nON STRA TEGY CENTER

86. Establishment

1) A higher Education Strategy Center (hereinafter

referred to as the' 'Center") is herehy estahlished as

an autonomous organ having its own legal

peronality.

2) The Center shall be accountable to the Ministry.

87. Objective

The objective of the Center is to formulating vision and

strategy in order to make higher education compatible

with the country's manpower needs as well as with

appropriate polices and with due consideration to global

situations, and advise the Government on such matters.

88. Organizational Structure

1) The Center shall have:

(a) an administrative board (hereinafter referred

to as the' 'Board of the Center")

(b) office of the Center directed by the Director,

and

(c) the necessary staff.

2) the Center shall have its Head Office in Addis Ababa

and may have branches in the Regions, as may be

necessary.

89. Powers and Duties ofthe Center

The Center shall have the powers and duties to:

1) formulate strategies that will enable the guidelines

of the higher education to be successful and com-

patible with current domestic and international

changes;

2) guide the reform guideline carried out in the higher

education sector;

3) formulate strategy that enables higher education to

address the needs of the country;

4) formulate long-term higher education strategy in

line with the development plan of the Government;

5) conduct research and studies on current policies,

practices, education and training matters and

propose viable alternatives and serve as a resource

center for reform activities;

6) give opinion of reform on the higher education

strategy and plan of the country.

7) determine the salary and benefits of staff, upon

approval by the Government.

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90, Powers and Duties of the Board of the Center:(.4 fO'Mht\- (lCY.' P'AflJ'}'i -f''?IlC

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14) supervise, as may be necessary, periodically the

activities of the institutions on the basis of their

plans of education and training as well as reports

on their activities submitted to it periodically; and

take a necessary action in accordance with this

Proclamation;

15) ensure that there are performance follow-up

regulation and code of ethics for teachers and

students of the institutions:

16) prepare draft regulations of finance administration

and utilization of the government institutions and

submit same to the Council of Ministers;

17) encourage government organs, non-profit making

associations, business associations, students and

workers of the institutions, and any other ap-

propriate person to work jointly on the matters

concerning educa~ion, training, research, practical

work, initiation and dissemination of technology;

particulars shall be determined by directives;---

PART SIX

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

95. Liability

1) Any institution or person who fails to comply with

the provisions of this Proclamation and other

relevant law shall 'be civilly and criminally liable.

2) Any person who, without having acquired ac-

credited diploma, presents forged diplomas or any

institution or person who issues diplomas for

programme which is not accredited shall be held

liable civilly and criminally.

96. Obligation to Co-operate

1) Any person has obligation to cooperate for the

implementation of this Proclamation.

2) Without prejudice to the provisions of Sub-article

(1) ofthis Article, any person has obligation to give

information required for education and reserarch

purposes or cooperate for practical trainings.

97. Applicable Laws

I) Any laws establishing public institutions before the

coming into force of this Proclamation shall be

applicable so far as they are consistent with this

Proclamation and are not replaced by other law.

2) A pre-accredition permit or accreditation permit

issued before the application of this Proclamation

. shall be deemed to have been issued in accordance

with this Proclamation.

'I~ ~i'i.~ftr ~1.,6./;I. ~;Jt"" ;J/i.1IJ