growth of a nation (…2 nations?)
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Growth of a Nation (…2 Nations?). As a result of the American Revolution, Britain cedes its territory east of the Mississippi. What a Deal!. In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase nearly doubles the size of the young nation. Slave States vs. Free States. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Growth of a Nation (…2 Nations?)
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As a result of the American Revolution, Britain cedes its territory east of the Mississippi
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What a Deal!
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In 1803, the Louisiana Purchase nearly doubles the size of the young nation
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Slave States vs. Free States
• As U.S. territory grows, new states are created.
• States in the North are considered Free States (no slavery)
• Southern states are considered Slave States.
• …it’s not necessarily all about slavery.
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Slave States vs Free States
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Slave States vs. Free States
• The abolition movement is still in its infancy.
• The creation of slave states vs. free states is mostly about political & economic power.
• To understand, we have look at how America had developed two very different ways of life…
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Life in the North
• 2½ times the population of the south due mostly to immigrants looking for work in factories
• 70% of all US railroad track • The North was industrial – 110,000
factories vs. 20,000 in the South• In 1860 – production of over $1.5 Billion
in goods (the South produced just $155 million)
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Life in the South1. Primarily agrarian2. “Cotton Is King!”
* 1860--> 5 million bales a yr. (57% of total US exports).
3. Slow development of industry4. Rudimentary financial system: $47 million in
banking deposits compared to $207 million in the North.
5. Inadequate transportation system: many farmers still used water routes to transport cargo.
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Why does the South want Slave States?
• The South needs to expand their agricultural economy & sees the addition of new states as the perfect answer.
HOWEVER… • The addition of a new Free State meant 2
more senators & additional congressmen in the House of Representatives that would vote in agreement with other northern states
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Protecting a Way of Life
• Southerners needed to maintain at least an equal number of slave states to free states so that they have equal representation in Congress (or better).
• …otherwise, legislation would be passed that was agreeable to the northern way of life – not the southern.
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The Missouri Compromise
• Maine admitted as a free state• Missouri admitted as a slave state,
but..• Slavery not allowed in any new
states created above Missouri’s southern border.
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Missouri Compromise
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– 1819, Spain cedes Florida to the US in return for nullification of a Five Million Dollar debt
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Soon after, Mexico Wins Independence from Spain
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Texas Southern farming spreads into Mexico Mexico does not allow slavery Texans Rebel against Mexico (remember the
Alamo)
Texans gain independence but seek admission to the US as a state
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Texan Independence
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Manifest Destiny
• Throughout the 1830s & 1840s Americans dreamed of an empire stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific
• …”a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent”
• Newspaperman John O’Sullivan claimed it was the nations “Manifest Destiny” to possess the whole continent
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War with Mexico After nearly 10 years, the United States
decides the time is right to annex Texas. Mexico protests – war is declared
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New Land!
• War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildalgo
• The US obtains land in what is now California, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas (1.2 million square miles)
• The Gadsen Purchase completes our southwest territory
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Results of the Mexican War
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Gadsen Purchase
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Uh Oh – more land, more issues
• Slave states vs Free states again…• The Compromise of 1850
• California admitted as a free state• Utah & New Mexico as slave territories• Banned Slave trade in Washington DC
• Fugitive Slave Law• Escaped Slaves are now the government’s
responsibility
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin1852
Popular Book that brought cruelties of slavery to the attention of the public
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Uncle Tom’s CabinHarrietBeecherStowe1811 - 1896So this is the lady
who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
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Kansas – Nebraska Act, 1854• “popular sovereignty” to decide free or
slave• Pro-Abolition & Pro-Slavery forces flood
Kansas to sway the vote often clashing with one another - “Bloody Kansas”
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Bloody Kansas
• This led to a series of violent acts in the divided territory.
• Tempers flared on all sides of the slavery issue, dragging the country closer to war.
• Militant abolitionist
John Brown & few followers crept into a pro- slavery settlement outside of Lawrence, Kansas.
• They dragged five men
out of their homes & hacked them to
death with swords.
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Kansas Nebraska
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Dred Scott - 1857• Slaves are
property• Slaves (& former
slaves) were not citizens
• Property rights are guaranteed by the Constitution (5th amendment)
• Missouri Compromise declared unconstitutional
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John Brown• Brown returns east
from Kansas & plans a war in Virginia against slavery.
• October 16, 1859, he & 21 men (5 blacks & 16 whites) raided the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry.
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Election of 1860• Birth of the Republican Party
• Who was their first candidate?
• The Republicans win the election without winning any Southern States
• The South sees this as a complete loss of political power in Washington
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Secession
• 11 southern slave states seceded from the US/Union starting in 1860 w/ S. Carolina– SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, TN, NC
• Confederate States of America– Capital: Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29,
1861) then Richmond, Virginia– President: Jefferson Davis– VP: Alexander Stephens
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Union and Confederacy
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Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861