Growth of a

Young Nation

Chapter 3

Jefferson Adams

The Election of 1800

The Election of 1800

• Negative campaigning

• How does TJ beat Adams?

• Aaron Burr wins NY

• BUT…tied in Electoral Votes so…

• Thank you Alexander Hamilton

• 12th Amendment

• President & VP run together on a ticket

The Revolution of 1800

• Smaller Government

• Cut taxes, reduced debt, smaller army

• Midnight Judges (pack the court)

• Marbury v. Madison

• Judicial Review

• Louisiana Purchase (1803)

• Lewis & Clark

War of 1812• Causes:

• Impressment

• Indians

• Tecumseh & the Prophet

• 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe

• Deeply Divided/unprepared

• 2 Major Battles:

• Washington/Baltimore

• Star Spangled Banner

• New Orleans

• Jackson

How did it end?

• Treaty of Ghent (Dec 1814)

• Results

• Increased nationalism

• Early industry

• Death of Federalist Party

• New respect for nation

• New heroes

• Indians gave up land

Foreign Policy• Rush Bagot (1817)

• Peaceful border US/Canada

• Florida

• Jackson

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

• Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• Warns Europe:

• No Colonization

• No intervention

Growing Country• American System

• Strong Banking System

• Protective Tariffs (1816)

• Roads & canals

• States must fund

• Erie Canal

• 1819 MO statehood

• MO Compromise

• MO slave/ME free

• 36 30 no slaves

Elections of 1824/1828

• Corrupt Bargain

• Jackson vs. JQ Adams

• No electoral majority

• House chooses among top 3

•Clay: Speaker of House

•HATES Jackson

• Jackson wins 1828 in landslide

• Spoils system

Trail of Tears

• Western Expansion

• Voluntary removal (100,000)

• Indian Removal Act of 1830

Tariff of Abominations

• 1828 - increased tariff

• Believed South was most hurt – prices up

• John C. Calhoun – NULLIFICATION

• 1832 Force Bill

• Use military to collect federal tariff

duties

The Bank War• Bank of US

• Controlled much of US’s gold and silver

• Nicholas Biddle (very powerful)

• Profit – 1st priority

• 1832 election: charter election issue

• 1833 removes deposits

• Called in loans

• Moved to pet banks

• 1836 Specie Circular

• All public lands bough w/ HARD $$

• Crash of 1837

The Birth of the Whigs

• Organized incompatibility

• Groups opposed to Jackson

• Progressive

• Government programs & reform

• Internal improvements

• Market Economy

• Absorbed anti-Masonic

• Blunted common man appeal

Election of 1836/40

• Whigs: opposed “King Andrew”

• 1836: Martin Van Buren

• Turmoil & Trouble

• 1840: Van Buren vs. Harrison

• Manifest Destiny

• Texas

The Oregon Trail: Bierstadt, 1869

Trails Westward

“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

The Lone Star State

• Settled by Americans

• Stephen Austin

• Independence 1836

• Remember the Alamo!

• Sam Houston

• 1845: annexed

Mexican-American War

• James K. Polk (1844)

• Wanted California

• Mexico refused to sell it

• WAR!

• 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Got Cali = 1849 GOLD