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Growth of a
Young Nation
Chapter 3
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Jefferson Adams
The Election of 1800
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The Election of 1800
• Negative campaigning
• How does TJ beat Adams?
• Aaron Burr wins NY
• BUT…tied in Electoral Votes so…
• Thank you Alexander Hamilton
• 12th Amendment
• President & VP run together on a ticket
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The Revolution of 1800
• Smaller Government
• Cut taxes, reduced debt, smaller army
• Midnight Judges (pack the court)
• Marbury v. Madison
• Judicial Review
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• Lewis & Clark
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War of 1812• Causes:
• Impressment
• Indians
• Tecumseh & the Prophet
• 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe
• Deeply Divided/unprepared
• 2 Major Battles:
• Washington/Baltimore
• Star Spangled Banner
• New Orleans
• Jackson
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How did it end?
• Treaty of Ghent (Dec 1814)
• Results
• Increased nationalism
• Early industry
• Death of Federalist Party
• New respect for nation
• New heroes
• Indians gave up land
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Foreign Policy• Rush Bagot (1817)
• Peaceful border US/Canada
• Florida
• Jackson
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Warns Europe:
• No Colonization
• No intervention
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Growing Country• American System
• Strong Banking System
• Protective Tariffs (1816)
• Roads & canals
• States must fund
• Erie Canal
• 1819 MO statehood
• MO Compromise
• MO slave/ME free
• 36 30 no slaves
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Elections of 1824/1828
• Corrupt Bargain
• Jackson vs. JQ Adams
• No electoral majority
• House chooses among top 3
•Clay: Speaker of House
•HATES Jackson
• Jackson wins 1828 in landslide
• Spoils system
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Trail of Tears
• Western Expansion
• Voluntary removal (100,000)
• Indian Removal Act of 1830
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Tariff of Abominations
• 1828 - increased tariff
• Believed South was most hurt – prices up
• John C. Calhoun – NULLIFICATION
• 1832 Force Bill
• Use military to collect federal tariff
duties
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The Bank War• Bank of US
• Controlled much of US’s gold and silver
• Nicholas Biddle (very powerful)
• Profit – 1st priority
• 1832 election: charter election issue
• 1833 removes deposits
• Called in loans
• Moved to pet banks
• 1836 Specie Circular
• All public lands bough w/ HARD $$
• Crash of 1837
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The Birth of the Whigs
• Organized incompatibility
• Groups opposed to Jackson
• Progressive
• Government programs & reform
• Internal improvements
• Market Economy
• Absorbed anti-Masonic
• Blunted common man appeal
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Election of 1836/40
• Whigs: opposed “King Andrew”
• 1836: Martin Van Buren
• Turmoil & Trouble
• 1840: Van Buren vs. Harrison
• Manifest Destiny
• Texas
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The Oregon Trail: Bierstadt, 1869
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Trails Westward
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“American Progress” by John Gast, 1872
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The Lone Star State
• Settled by Americans
• Stephen Austin
• Independence 1836
• Remember the Alamo!
• Sam Houston
• 1845: annexed
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Mexican-American War
• James K. Polk (1844)
• Wanted California
• Mexico refused to sell it
• WAR!
• 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Got Cali = 1849 GOLD