group 4 - presentation (aleem,ko,fidah,yan & jeevitha)

8/13/2019 Group 4 - Presentation (Aleem,Ko,Fidah,Yan & Jeevitha)

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1C E E 5 8 3 P H Y S I C A L E D U C A T I O N F A C I L I T I E S & S P O R T E V E N TM A N A G E M E N T


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PART 1

C E E 5 8 3 P H Y S I C A L E D U C A T I O N F A C I L I T I E S & S P O R T

E V E N T M A N A G E M E N T 2


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Tactical awareness,critical to gameperformance, is the ability

to identify tacticalproblems that arise duringa game and to select the

appropriate responses tosolve them.


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TACTICAL SKILLSIS.. WH N A PERSON MAKES DECISIONS AND

ACTIONS IN THE GAME TO GAIN ANADVANTAGE.. LIKE STRATEGY




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DEFINITION

The specific procedures to move

ones body to perform the task that

needs to be accomplished. Technical focus is related to

psychomotor skills when any

activities will be done.


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SIMPLE DEFINITION



Technical skills is

where a person moves

there body to per form

a task .....


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SKILLS

T E C H N I C A L S K I L L S

The specific procedure to

move ones body to

perform the task that

needs to be

accomplished.

Refer to the speci f ic

mo tor ski lls used to

perform a task.

T A C T I C A L S K I L L S

The decisions and actions ofplayers in the contest to gain an

advantage over the opposingteam or players.

Refer to the mental ski l ls to knowwhen and where to execute the

technical skillsA tactic can be as simple as

hitting the ball to a playersweak side, placing the ball inspace away from the player, or

starting out fast in a race in the


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4 STEPS OF TEACHINGS TECHNICAL

SKILLS

4 TH CORRECT ERROR

3RDHAVE THE ATHLETESPRACTICE

2ND DEMONSTRATE ANDEXPLAIN

1ST INTRODUCE THETECHNICAL SKILLS


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INTRODUCE THE TECHNICAL SKILLS

INTRODUCE A BASIC

TECHNIQUE


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DEMONSTRATE N EXPLAIN

- MODELING

Use athletes to DEMONSTRATE ( Model)

Skills to be taught


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HAVE THE ATHLETES PRACTICE

Once you have decided whetheryou will practice using the whole or

the whole-part-whole method,

youre ready to plan your practice.


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TECHNICAL SKILLS- 7 PRINCIPLES

i. Have athlete practice correct technique.ii. Have athlete practice the technique in game-

like condition.

ii. Keep practices short and frequent whenteaching new techniques.

iv. Use practice time efficiently.

v. Make optimal use of facilities and

equipment.

vi. Make sure athletes experience a reasonable

amount of success at each practice.

vii. Make practice fun.


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CORRECT ERROR

If an athlete demonstrate

incorrectly, an opportunity for

the coach to demonstrate the

coachs ability to provide

correction.


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COACHABLE MOMENTST H E C O A C H O B S E R V E S T R A I N I N G L O O K I N G

F O R C O A C H A B L E M O M E N T S

W H E N T H E A T H L E T E S T R U G G L E S

W I T H T H E T A S K ;


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PART 3




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PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING


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Principles of

Training

1. Individual Needs

2. Specificity

3. Progressiveoverload

4. Rest

5. Recovery

6. FITT

7. Reversibility


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INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

Matching training to the requirements of an individual.

1sttime marathon runners Elite

How would their individual needs in a PEP be different?

Individual needsfitness levels, sport, SMART goals, methods of

training, facilities.


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SPECIFICITY

Matching training to therequirements of anactivity.

E.g, a shot putter would traindifferently to a runner.

There is a need for specifictraining within a sport too

A goal keeper would traindifferently to an outfieldplayer.

List 3 more examples of

specificity.

A sprinter would train on speed

A long distance runner on CV


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PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD

Increasing the amount ofoverload gradually so thatfitness gains occur, butwithout the potential forinjury.

Start gently and build upgradually.

If you exercise at a constant

level, your fitness will stayat that same level.

Body adjusts to thedemands placed upon it.

You wont be able

to lift these

weights straight

away!!!

PLATEAUING = progress halts

takes time to move on to next level.


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Overload means training harder than you

normally do.

Working at a higher range of intensity.

Training in the TARGET ZONE

E.g. for strength traininglifting a weight at 60-

80% of maximum effort.

CV 6080% Max HR.

Usually apply overload every 2 weeks


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OVERLOAD

Fitness can only be improved by doing more

than usual.

Making the body work harder than normal inorder to improve.

To OVERLOAD you need to apply the FITT

principle!


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F = Frequency.

How often you need to train to improve.I = Intensity.

How hard you train.

T = Time

How long each training session lasts.

T = Type

What sort of training you do.


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REVERSIBILITY

If regular trainingstops, any adaption

that takes place as a

consequence of

training will bereversed.

This is why you need totrain 2/3 times a week

or the effects oftraining will be lost.

Use it or lose it!


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REST AND RECOVERY

Rest = The time given to recovery.

Recovery = The time required to repair damage to the

body caused by training or competition.

PEP someone training 5X a week would probably

train on 3 days, take day off to recover and allow

adaption to take place. Train for the next 2 days, rest

on the 7thday.


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TASK:

Apply your knowledge and understanding by

creating a guide for young athletes to use.

Give specific examples of how to apply each ofthe principles of training in order to improve

fitness for a chosen sport.


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PLANNING THE TRAINING YEARPERIODIZATION

Closed Season Out Of Season

Early Season

Peak Season

Pre-Season


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PERIODIZATION Sportsmen and sports teams should plan their

training programs so that they peakat the timesof major competitions or particularly importantmatches. This process is called Periodization.

The training year should be divided into thefollowing phases:

1. Closed Season.

2. Out Of Season.

3. Pre-Season.

4. Early Season.

5. Peak Season.


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1. CLOSED SEASON

This phase of the training year is

characterised by:

1. A complete break from the sporting

activity.2. Recovery from or treatment for any injuries

from the previous season.

3. Recreation and relaxation through

participation in other sports or activities.


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3. PRE-SEASON

This phase of the training year is characterisedby:

1. Higher intensity training with the emphasis on

speed, agility and power.

2. Higher intensity skills training in competitive

situations.

3. Full scale practice matches.


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5. PEAK SEASON

This phase of the training year is characterised by:

1. High quality speed work.

2. Light weight training to maintain fitness levels.

3. Quality rest periods.

4. Game preparation towards end of week.

5. Competitive matches once or twice a week.


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PART 4




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WHAT IS OVERTRAINING?

Overtraining can be called as an imbalance of training stress and recovery.

That is too much training (and all other possible stressors like work, family,

time lag etc.) followed by too little recovery that will result in decreasedadaptation state.

Overtraining is not always bad, but a common practice in the successful

training plan.

Training causes load to the body and therefore causes fatigue (decrease of the

red line, Figure 1).

During recovery the body restores its resources to a higher level.

This can be called as the short-term training effect and is the basis for training

adaptation, also called supercompensation.

Figure 1. Adaptation effect to four training sessions. Blue bars indicate workouts,red line indicates bodys adaptation.


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OVERTRAINING VS OVERREACHING

If a new training is followed before the full recovery for several times, it will

result in a decrease in performance, or in other words overtraining.

This means that you train more than is possible to recover (Figure 2, yellow

line).

However, if a longer rest is applied, the body can still adapt to a new higher

level (Figure 2, blue line) - this is called overreaching.

Adaptation effect after multiple loads is usually higher than the effect that

can be obtained with just a single load-recovery cycle.

Figure 2. Manipulating with increased stress followed by longer recoveryto maximize increased performance level.


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WHAT IS OVERTRAINING SYNDROME ?

Applying high stress with little recovery during an extended period of time

might cause a situation where the adaptation capability of the body couldreach its limit and even after recovery the supercompensation effect might not

be reached.

The problem arises when even after two weeks of recovery the performance

level remains lower than it was before the trainings (Figure 3).

This situation must be avoided in the training process.

Figure 3. Adaptation after too high training loads and too little recovery between trainings.The performance decreases and stays lower than where it was before applying the load.


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THE PROCESS AT A GLANCE

Normal state

Overtraining

Overreaching

Overtraining

syndrome

Overtraining

The athlete can be brought to the overreaching state intentionally.Performance is decreased, however, if rest is administered the

supercompensation effect will take place and performance

increases. A common practice in training process

High load, not enough recovery

Athlete is brought to overtraining syndrome where performance is

decreased and the bodys ability to adapt positively to training is

disturbed severely. The recovery from this state might take severalmonths. Should be avoided in training practice.

High load, not enough recovery


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PART 5




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DESCRIPTION

oxygen Aerobic system of energy production needs

At onset of activity, although oxygen is present in

the muscles there isnt enough to break down fuels

into energy.

So for immediate energy production the anaerobic

systems are used ie

ATP-PC system

Lactic Acid

System

As soon as we start to exercise heart rate and

breathing rate increases so more oxygen is getting tothe muscles.

Within a few minutes the muscles are supplied with

enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to work.


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Elite athletes may usetheir aerobic pathways to

perform what would be

high intensity to lesser

athletes.


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Aerobic System uses oxygen to break

down food fuels.

This gives off a high energy yield.

Carbohydrates

& fats

Stage 1


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Stage 1

glycolysis

Glycogen

Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate)

Glycolysis

ENERGY

ADENOSINE P P

ADENOSINE P P

P

P


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Total energy yield from

the aerobic system is38 molecules

of

ATP


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The aerobic system is the most efficient in energy

production.

The by-products (water and carbon dioxide) are easily

expelled.

The system relies on the availability of oxygen.

However


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Sub-maximal exercise

will predominantly

use this system as

oxygen can bedelivered at a rate to

match the demand

for oxygen


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Unless the body runs out of

carbohydrate and fat stores, this

system is unlimited.

summary


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summary

Stage 1

Glycolysis

(Sarcoplasm)

Stage 2

Krebs Cycle

(Mitochondria)

Stage 3

Electron TransportChain

(Mitochondria)

GlycogenPyruvic

Acid

Acetyl

Coenzyme A

ENER

GY

ADENOSINE P P

ADENOSINE P P

P

P

Acetyl

Coenzyme A

ADENOSINE P P

ADENOSINE P P

P

P

ENER

GY

Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen

Hydrogen Water

ADENOSINE P P P

34

ENERGY


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Lots more ATP can be resynthesised (38 moles of

ATP from 1 mole of glycogen).

The body has large stores of muscle glycogen andtriglycerides so exercise can last for several hours.

Oxidation of glycogen and fatty acids do not produce

any fatiguing by products.

Advantages of the

Aerobic System

Di d t f th


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Takes a while for sufficient oxygen to be

available to breakdown glycogen and

triglycerides.

Therefore this system cannot provide

energy for ATP resynthesis straight awayor during high intensity activity.

Disadvantages of the

Aerobic System


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How can this system be improved?

Increased muscle stores of glycogen triglycerides.Increased number of oxidative enzymes.

Continuous trainingFartlek training

Energy continuum


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Considers the importance of each energy

system in a particular activity.

Intensity and duration will decide which

energy system is used.

Often there will be a combination of all

three.

Energy continuum


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Example: Midfield in football

ATP-PC System Sprinting for

the ball.

Lactate Anaerobic System High

intensity work, chasing ball,

moving into space, dribbling withball.

Aerobic System Less intense

periods when play does notinvolve the player. Time to

recover using aerobic system.


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Energy continuum


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PART 6




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Energy can be defined as the capacity of a

physical system to do work. Energy is fundamental

to everyday living and exercise.

The word anaerobic can be defined as something

that is capable of living without oxygen.

The anaerobic system can be indirectly assessed

by performance tests such as the vertical jump and

the step test.

Vertical jump test

The anaerobic system consists of both the ATP-PC system and the


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e a ae ob c sys e co s s s o bo e C sys e a d eLactic acid system.

The ATP-PC system is used only for very short durations of up to 10seconds. The ATP-PC system neither uses oxygen nor does itproduce lactic acid.

Adenosine triphosphate works together with creatine phosphate toincrease the capacity of the ATP-PC system.

ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate and is also known as theAlactacid system. After 5- 10 seconds of maximal work the supply isdepleted, and another energy system is used.

As these energy stores are broken down, they are quickly restored

Adenosine Energy P Energy P Energy P

Phosphate

LACTIC ACID


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The other system that operates without the use of oxygen to help

restore ATP in the muscles is the lactic acid system. This system involves the partial breakdown of glucose to form lactic

acid.

This involves a series of twelve chemical reactions known formerly as

glycolysis.

The energy that is provided by this system to the body is significant as

it provides a quick supply of ATP to the body which assists in intense

short bursts of activity usually lasting from around 30-60 and may last

up to 3 minutes .

If the intensity of the activity is maintained lactic acid will then

accumulate within the muscles.

The breakdown process of the lactic acid within the muscles may takeup to two hours.

Glycogen

Glucose

Pyruv ic

Acid

Insuf f ic ient

Oxygen

Lact ic A cid

ADP+P

ATP

LACTIC ACID

LACTIC ACID


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Glycogen

Glucose

Pyruv ic Acid

Insuff ic ient Oxygen

Lact ic Ac id

ADP+P

ATP

LACTIC ACID

TRAINING TO IMPROVE


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Anaerobic exercise is used by athletes in non-endurance sports to build power and speed

and is used predominantly to increase muscular strength.

There are three types of anaerobic training energy systems these include:

o The Phosphagen system-10 seconds of maximum intensity exercise

o Anaerobic glycolysis (also known as the lactic acid system)-30 seconds of high intensity

exercise

o Oxidative system-can contribute to 40- 45% of energy after 20- 30 seconds of intense

activity.

Methods and modes of aerobic training are ways to which one can improve their

anaerobic system.

Methods of anaerobic training

Explosive training, speed training interval training and various methods of resistance

training

Modes of anaerobic training

Sprinting, plyometrics, stair climbing, resistance training and weightlifting

TRAINING TO IMPROVE

ANAEROBIC SYSTEM

ADAPTATION OF


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Adaptations of the system depend on:

Type of anaerobic capacities to be

developed(power and strength).

Characteristics of the athlete.Nature of the sport.

ADAPTATION OF

ANAEROBIC SYSTEM

TRAINING ADAPTATION


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The quality of an athletes muscle tissue can begin to change and adapt after only

several workouts.

The type of exercise stimulus causes specific adaptations.

With training, performance gains cause changes in more then one physiological system.

The training of each system must be with the specific goals of the training program.

Adaptation responses are dynamic and are related to an individuals age and stage of

physical development. The adaptation of fast and slow twitch muscle fibres. for example

the slow muscle fibres exerting less energy and is slower releasing most commonly used

for endurance, slower concentration speed and less force output therefore smaller.

Fast twitch muscle fibres are used when extra power is needed they contract quickly and

forcefully when needed. These fast fibre are larger and also tend to hypertrophy more

regularly.

The improvement of capacity due to training of the muscles allows the lactic acid system

to generate energy for a longer period of time.

TRAINING ADAPTATION

PART 7


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PART 7


E V E N T M A N A G E M E N T66

WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS?


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WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS?

Biomechanicsthe study of the

movements of the human body

Mechanicsthe study of the physical

action of forces

Staticconstant state of motionDynamicmotion that is accelerating

Kineticsthe study of forces

associated with the motion of a body


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7 PRINCIPLES OF BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS1) Stability:

The lower the centre of mass, the larger the base ofsupport, the closer the centre of mass to the base ofsupport, and the greater the mass, the more stabilityincreases.

Ex. Sumo ,Wrestling

2) Maximum Effort The production of max force requires the use of all

possible joint movements that contribute to thetasks objective.

Ex, golf, bench press

3) Maximum Velocity

The production of max velocity requires the use ofjoints in order from largest to smallest.

Ex. Hockey slap shot, hitting a golf ball


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Linear Motion

4) Principle 4 the greater the applied impulse, the

greater the increase in velocity. Ex. Dunking a basketball

5) Principle 5 movement usually occurs in the direction

opposite that of the applied force

Ex. High jumper, cyclist, runnersAngular Motion (rotational)

6) Principle 6 angular motion is produced by the

application of a force acting at some distance from anaxis, that is, by torque.

Ex. Baseball pitching

7) Principle 7 angular motion is constant when an

athlete or object is free in the air.

Ex. Diver


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CENTER OF GRAVITY


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CENTER OF GRAVITY

The center of gravity is the single point associated

with a body around which the bodys weight is equallybalanced in all directions.


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THANK YOU

group 4 - presentation (aleem,ko,fidah,yan & jeevitha)

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