Grammar

构词法 (Word Formation)

英语主要有三种构词法 :

1. 派生 (Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词 : e.g. happy---- unhappy ( 加前缀 )

---- happiness ( 加后缀 )

2. 合成 (Compounding): 由两个或更多的词合成一个词

e.g. wood( 木 )+ cut( 刻 )----woodcut( 木刻 )

3. 转化 (Conversion) 由一个词类转化为另一个词类 :

e.g. water (n.) 水 ---- water (v.) 浇水

前缀 un- dis- im-

mis- re- anti-

后缀-er -or -ness -ment-tion -less -ful -ward(s)

派生词 Derivation

Guess the meaning • Baker concludes that people do not have

the ability to sense when they’re being stare at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”

A.value B. result

C. performance D. connection

合成词 Compound

pain-killer

＋ ＝

＋ ＝

color- blind

＋ ＝

sleep-walk

sleep-walker

1. 合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2) adj + n central bank fast food

空调 血压所得税 信用卡

中央银行 快餐

solar system

remote control

(3) v-ing + 另一词 washing machine

driving license

(4) 其他方式 by-product

editor-in-chief

太阳系 遥控

洗衣机驾驶执照

副产品主编

2. 合成形容词 (1) 过去分词或带 ed 词尾的词构成。 absent-minded

grey-haired

(2) 动词的 ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering

far-reaching

心不在焉的头发灰白的

长期受苦的深远的 ( 影响 )

3. 合成动词及合成副词 overeat

baby-sit

empty-handed

吃得太多看孩子 一无所获的

1. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)2. Look! How _______ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _______ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many __________. (invent)

players

happily

heavily

inventor inventions

构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.

5. More and more _________ have come to visit China over these years. （ foreign ）6. We want ___________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will ________ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the ___________ of being half starved. (appear)9. The police have __________ a plot against the President. (cover)10. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactory

simplify appearance

uncovered

operation

11. She hoped that her son would become a _________. (music)12. Few ________ words made us excited. (speak)13. The days on the moon get hotter than ________ water. (boil)14. Thank you for your _________. (kind)15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _________ . (expensive)16. Most international _________ letters are written in English, too. (busy)

musician spoken

boiling kindness

expenses

business

17. The boy noticed an ___________ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct)18. When in Rome, do as the ________ do. (Rome)19. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)20. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)

uncorrected

Romans

honesty

noisily