开放英语 1讲义 (2)

词 类 一、 代词 二、名词 三、数词 四、介词 五、冠词

一、代 词

I you he she we you they it me you him her us you them it my your his her our your their its mine yours his hers ours yours theirs its myself yourself himself herself ourselves you

rselves themselvs

I you he she we you they it ( 句首，作主语）

例： I am a teacher. He likes football. They are my classmates. It is hot today. We are Chinese.

me you him her us you them it ( 谓语动词后，作宾语或表语）

例： He gave me a new book. You can teach her an English

song. You can let them go themselv

es. Who is that?----It is me. Let us (Let’s) do it.

my your his her our your their its (+ 名词，作定语）

例： This is my father. Their books are new. Her mother is a doctor. His name is Tom. Our house is made of stone.

mine yours his hers ours yours theirs its( 不 + 名词，句首作主语，或动词后作宾语、表语）

例： This is my book. Yours is on the desk. Your book

Your room is on the first floor, mine is on the second.

This is his pen, it is not yours. Since your bike doesn’t work, you c

an take mine.

代词练习 1. This is ___ book. A.he B.him C.his D.I 2. You can’t put the boxes here, you can put -

--- there. A.them B.they C.their D.it 3.Mary is talking with____ parents. A.she B.hers C.her D.his 4.What’s ___ job? ___am an engineer. A.you…I B.your…me C.your..I D.yours…I 5.He gave___ a gift on ___ birthday. A.I…my B.me…my C.me…I D.me…mine

二、 名词 1 、普通名词 (1) 可数名词： 个体名词： man, teacher, tree, bag, pen 集体名词： class, army, team, committee （ 2 ）不可数名词： 物质名词： air, milk, fire, cotton 抽象名词： love, life, honour, happiness 2 、专有名词 表个别人、物、团体、党派、机构、国家的名

称。 Mr.Smith, the Yellow River, China, the Youth League, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

名词练习 1. There are many____in the park. A.flower B.floweres C. flowers 2. Ten little ___ are playing football. A.boy B.boyes C. boys 3.Please give me two___ of chalk. A.box B.boxes C.boxs 4. There are many___ on the hill. A.sheep B.sheeps C.sheepes 5.Three ___ are talking about their ___. A.woman…children B.woman…child C.women…children

数词和短语可修饰名词 接可数名词的有： three masses of many some no a lot of a couple of (a) few

接不可数名词的有 : a bit of masses of much a glass of no a lot of two pounds of (a) little

三、数词 1 、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

2 、序数词 first ( 1st ) second ( 2nd ) third ( 3rd ) fourth ( 4th ) fifth ( 5th ) sixth ( 6th ) seventh ( 7th ) eighth ( 8th ) ninth ( 9th ) tenth ( 10th )

1 、百的表示 200 two hundred 457 four hundred and fifty-seven 2 、千的表示 1,201 one thousand two hund

red and one 3 、万的表示 11,103 eleven thousand one hu

ndred and three 4 、百万的表示 1,000,000 one million 5 、十亿的表示 1,000,000,000 one billion

数词的其他用法 1 、序数词前要用 the The first day of May is Labour’s D

ay. You can’t take this one, but you ca

n take the third. 2 、房间、页号等的表示 Room 206: Room two oh six Page 105: Page one oh five Lesson four: the fourth lesson

3 、电话号码的表示 8725894 eight seven two five eight nine f

our 7350305 seven three five oh three oh five 4 、钟点的表示 past: 超过 to: 差 3 ： 05 five past three 3 ： 30 half past three 3 ： 45 fifteen\a quarter to four 3 ： 58 two to four

数词练习 1.He is ____ one who came here. A. first B. the first C. one 2. 215 is_____. A. two hundred fifteen B. two hundreds and fifteen C. two hundred and fifteen 3.What is the time? It’s 3:05 _____. A.five past three B. three past five C.three oh five 4.Where do you live? A. 203 room B. room 203 C. Room 203

四 介词 1 时间介词： 年份 / 月份： in in 1937, in 2005, in January, in May 日期： on on the 31th of August, on the fifteenth on Sunday, on Tuesday on Sunday morning, 某年某月某日 (1949,10,1) on 1st Oct.1949 ( 英用） on Oct.1st 1949 ( 美用）

固定用法：

in the morning , on Sunday morning in spring, in winter at daybreak, at the beginning of week at Spring Festival for two years during the war about ten o’clock

2 地点介词：

in, at, on, beside, under, up, down, inside, outside, behind, between, among...

The apple is in the basket. Tom hides beside the door. A cat is climbing up the tree. He is sitting on the glass. Jack is sitting between Mary and Susan. Our teacher is sitting among the

students.

3 方向 / 地点介词 into, to, after, past, towards, from,

against, opposite…

A little girl is running after her mother. Mr. Smith is from England. Don’t stand opposite me. He is walking into the room slowly. He walked past me without saying hello. The dog is running towards the bone.

介词练习 1. I usually get up ___ 6 o’clock. A.in B. at C. on 2.I usually get up early ___ the morning. A.in B.at C. on 3. But I get up late ___ Sunday

morning. A. in B. at C. on 4.They are talking ___ their homework. A. on B. of C. about

5.A boy is sleeping___ the tree. A. on B. under C .in 6. A boy is sleeping ___ the grass. A.on B. under C. in 7. He is sitting _____ the car. A.in front of B. in the front of 8. A map is ____ the wall. A.in B. on C. at 9.He works ___ an IT company. A.in B. for C. at

五 冠词 1 不定冠词 a/an 表一类人，一个人或事，也可表单位 a 用于辅音开头， an 用于元音开头 Her husband is a lawyer. There are twenty hours a day. A horse is an important animal. This is a book. This is an English book. I have an umbrella.

2 定冠词 the * 特指某（些）人或物，以区别同类中

的其他人或物 The book on the desk is mine. Do you know the girl near the big tree? * 说话人和听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事 Please give the book to the teacher. Let`s meet at the station.

* 世界上独一无二的 The sun looks like a great ball of fire in

the sky. The moon moves around the earth.

* 形容词最高级，序数词和表方位的词前要用定冠词。

The sun rises in the east. January is the first month of the year. He is the tallest boy in our class.

* 与某些形容词连用表某一类人 the poor, the old, the rich

* 乐器前要用定冠词 He is playing the piano. Who can get the violin for me?

3 专有名词前不用 the 如： Mr.Smith, Chian, Japanese 但下列情况要用 the

* 江，河， 湖， 海前 the Mississippi, the Yellow River the Atlantic Ocean, the Himalayas

* 由普通名词构成的国家、党派、组织等机构的专有名词前

the People’s Republic of China the Chinese communist Party the Ministry of Foreign Trade

* 某些建筑物、报纸、杂志、姓氏复数前 the Great Wall, the Beijing Hotel the People’s Daily, the Chinese Women, the Greens

* 一日三餐、季节、月份、日期前没有 the

He is having his lunch. There is plenty of rain in Spring. He was born in May.

冠词练习 1.He is ___ teacher. A.a B.an C.the 2. He is ____ old teacher. A.a B.an C. The 3. ___ man is coming, ___ man is tall. A.A…a B. A…an C. A…the 4.He is ____ tallest boy in our class. A.a B.an C. the 5.He is playing ____ football. A.the B./ C. a

6. Don’t laugh at ____ poor. A.a B.an C.the 7.She is ____ university student. A.a B.an C.the 8.She took ____ umbrella with her. A.a B.an C.the 9.There is plenty of rain in____ spring. A./ B.the C.a 10.It took me ___ hour to do the work. A.a B.an C.the