Goal 1 Review: The New Nation• Early Domestic IssuesBill of Rights - 1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution

1st Amendment – RAPPS (_religion, assembly, press, petition, speech_)10th Amendment – Reserves power to the states

Issues: Alien & Sedition Acts KY and VA ResolutionsFederalists upset by War of 1812(rumors they wanted to leave) Hartford

Convention What Washington Did:

Cabinet(fill in the names of each secretary) War State TreasuryRandolph-Attorney General

Judiciary Act of 1789__Set up court system with levels (local, stateAnd nationals.

Whiskey RebellionUprising of grain farmers protesting exciseTax on whiskey. Wash. sent troops to put down the insurrection.Showed the power of the fed. Gov’t.

Case that established Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison

• Early Political Freedoms formed confederacy

of American Indian Nations

after the Treaty of

Greenville made some Native Americans give

up land

Abigail Adams…wanted voting TecumsehFor the women,. Eli Whitney - invented the cotton gin

demand for cotton and # of slaves

• Early Foreign Policy IssuesWhat did Washington’s Farewell address state?Warned against political parties and to stay out of world affairs (no “entangling alliances”). What led to Jay’s Treaty?B. Britain Stop ships but don’t impress. Who was mad about this

Treaty? France. What did this country do to make us mad? XYZ Affair-demanded a bribe in order to talk to French officials about the stopping of American ships bound for Britain. )

What was Jefferson’s version of “peaceful coercion” called? Embargo Act of 1807. Who wanted war with England?S, W War Hawks What was the war called? War of 1812. AKA:

The Second War for Independence What was the last battle? New Orleans It was after the Treaty of Ghent.

What treaties were made with Spain? Adams-Onis (ceded Florida), Pinckney’s (right of deposit-N. Orleans)

KNOX HamiltonJefferson

Democratic-Republican Party

Nation of farmers.Against big central

government (states’ rights).

Pro FrenchStrict interpretation

Federalist PartyWealthy educated should run country.

Loose interpretation

Pro-BritishBigger central government.

Remember the Ladies!

Goal 2 Review: Expansion and Reform• Territorial ExpansionPlease label: Louisiana Purchase, Oregon Territory, Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase, Trail of Tears, Oregon Trail, Missouri Compromise, industrial region, agricultural region

Why was Jefferson concerned about the Louisiana Purchase? He thought it went against a strict interpretation of the Constitution.What was Polk’s campaign slogan?54 40 or fight! (Wanted Oregon)

• Nationalism in Art and Literature4 major authors of this era: _Edgar Poe, JF Cooper, W.Irving, H. Melville, Hawthorne_Dictionary of US lang._Noah Webster 2 leading transcendentalists Emerson, ThoreauStyle of American landscape paintings _Hudson River School

• Economic and Social Issues in the Early 1800sMorse’s invention that revolutionized communication Telegraph/Morse Code3 Major Inventions and their Inventors_Steel Plow _ __John Deere__Mechanical Reaper____ _Cyrus McCormick_______Steam Engine___ __Fulton__Political party that developed out of anti-immigrant feelings _Know-Nothings_

• Political Issues in the Early 1800sMonroe Doctrine _Warmed European countries to stay out of the W. Hemisphere._Election of 1824 called _Corrupt Bargain_ & Why? _Jackson thought a deal had been made

that denied him the presidency.__What were the three parts of Henry Clay’s American System?1)_transportation_ 2)Protective Tariff 3)National Bank Jackson opposed the National Bank and put money into Pet Banks .What claimed that tariffs were unfair and unconstitutional?_SC (nullification) “tariff of

abominations”• Reform Movements of the Early 1800sWho were key leaders in the movement for women’s rights?_SB Anthony, Religious movement of the early 1800s?_______________ One of the preachers?__________Who worked for improvements for the mentally ill? Dorthea DixUtopian community_____________________________3 examples?______________________• The Role of Religion in Social MovementsWhat pair of sisters were important abolitionists? Grimke sisters (Sarah and Angelina)Give a brief description of these abolitionists:William Lloyd Garrison white abolitionist, published the Liberator and spoke out against

slavery—immediate abolishment of salveryDavid Walker: free African American abolitionists, published The Appeal that advocated the

use of violence to secure freedom.Frederick Douglass_former slave & abolitionists. Published the North Star

Goal 3 Review: Civil War and Reconstruction• Antebellum Economic, Social, and Political EventsCandidates for Senator of Illinois in 1858 Stephen Douglas/ Abraham LincolnSupreme Court Case that rules slaves were property Dred Scott v. Sandford_Popular Sovereignty _Let the people rule/vote on whether to allow slavery into a new state. Compromise of 1850 Ca->Free State (N. happy), Harsh fugitive slave law (S. happy)Kansas-Nebraska Act Used popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue->”Bleeding Kansas”Founded on an anti-slavery platform The Republican Party Important debate about states rights and tariffs Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Senate Race Ill. )

• Causes of the Civil War

by Harriet Beecher Stowe North’s reaction Abolition grows

South’s reaction anger/banned book

_Harriet Tubman - conductor on theUnderground Railroad

There was also a stricter black codes because of slave uprisings. Circle the winner.What happened

after he won? SC secedes

What was then formed?_CSA _ Who was the President?__Jefferson Davis _The first shots were fired at Ft. Sumter

• Turning Points of the Civil War

Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the war _Preserve the union. _______What did Lincoln suspend? _Writ of habeas corpus ________________Three-part Union strategy to win the war _____Anaconda Plan _1)Blockade ports 2)control Miss/divide South 3)Capture Richmond What turned the war into a moral issue? __Emancipation Proclamation

• Political, Economic, and Social Impact of Reconstruction (_New-_South _)

What ended Reconstruction? _Compromise of 1877 Hayes/Tilden election. Hayes gets to be president in exchange for removing the military from the South.

• Test of the GovernmentAmendments: 13ends slavery 14citizenship/equal protection_ 15voting rights for all men.

Abr. LincolnVs.Stephen Douglas Vs. BreckinridgeVs. Bell

Candidates in the Election of 1860

BATTLES

First MajorBull Run

(Manassas)

Bloodiest Single Day

Antietam

LOCATION OF

SURRENDERAppomattox Courthouse

PEOPLE

Robert E. Lee

S. General

Ulysses S. GrantN. General

“Unconditional Surrender”

Abraham Lincoln

US Pres.

John Wilkes Booth

Southern actor who shot Lincoln

Split the Confederacy

in TwoVicksburg (control of Miss./splits confed. )

Turning PointGettysburg (ends the southern

invasion of the N.)

POLITICALSupremacy of Fed. Gov’t.

Southern “redemption” after Reconstruction ended

ECONOMICSouth devastated; slavery replaced by sharecropping

SOCIALJim Crow laws/

segregation

Goal 4 Review: Moving West• Groups that Moved West3 reasons people moved west 1)__economic opportunity 2)religious freedom 3)free land

Comstock (silver)CA-Sutter’s Creek (gold) Mining ranching mormonsFree land to farm through the Homestead Act. Many lived in Sod Houses .Morrill Land Grant Act Gave land to states to fund agriculture schools

• The Impact of Westward MovementMay 10, 1869 – Transcontinental RR built by Union Pacific_ and Central Pacific_.

Helen Hunt’s book A Century of Dishonor led to the ___________________. Supporters of this act thought it would lead to ______________________.

• Difficulties for the American FarmerPopulism - grew out of farmers’ unhappiness; they were upset about high railroad rates, high

tariffs, & raised prices of equipementWhat other kinds of organizations represented farmers? ______________________________What ruling said states could regulate railroad rates?Munn v. IllinoisWhat act stated that railroads had to charge reasonable rates? The Interstate Commerce ActWhat ruling overturned Munn v. Illinois? ________________________________________________________________ gave the _______________ which supported ________________.What political party developed from farmers and blue-collar workers? The GrangeWhat was their platform called? Populists Party, Farmers Alliance

• Agriculture Technology

Other Terms:Existed when a

few people control a

company as directors_______________

When the government has little control of

Horizontal Mergers & Vertical Mergersbusiness

laissez- faire

Conflicts on the Plains-Sand Creek Massacre (Chief Black Kettle)-Battle of Little Big Horn (Red Cloud and Crazy Horse) Custer’s Last Stand-Nez Perce Tribe (Chief Joseph)resisted movement to reservations (loss of Appaloosa Horse)

WINDMILLConverts energy of the wind into rotation

energy

BARBED WIREJoseph Glidden: establish barriers for

livestock-cattle

STEEL PLOWJohn Deere: ideal for tough soil in the West

REFRIGERATOR CARMove refrigerated products across the

railroads

My two business innovations were . .

.

Andrew Carnegie

Goal 5 Review: Immigration, Urbanization, and Industrialization• Immigration and UrbanizationAngel Island - Eastern Europe* and Asia Immigrants - Western Europe

*In New York, they arrived at Ellis IslandMany immigrants lived in:

______tenements________________

And worked in ___________factories________________

Many released their old identity and blended together in the “Melting Pot”

A resentment of foreigners developed known as Nativism. One extreme example was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

Others tried to help immigrants:

• Business and Industrial Leaders

WHO? Edwin Drake - oil drill Westinghouse - airbrake and railroad switchWHAT? Henry Bessemer- allowed for mass production of steel

Carnegie - blocks competitionCharles Darwin - “survival of the fittest” applied to humans

• Labor UnionsTrade Union - craftsmen Craft Union – industrial unions & common workers

American Federation of Laborled by Samuel

Gompers

• Changing Role of GovernmentAnti-Serman Law - outlawed monopoliesIn many cities, political machines developed. The most

famous was Tammany Hall led by Boss Tweed.The Pendleton Act created the Civil Service System.

supported by the __________________Political changes: 1)_______________2)_______________3)________________4)________________

Jacob RiisMuckraker journalist: negatives of the tenements

Jane AddamsFounder of the Hull House-provided social services

INVENTIONS OF THIS TIME PERIOD

Captains of Industry or Robber Barrons?

Name Industry / Company / Significance

Rockefeller oil

Vanderbilt Railroad construction

J.P. Morgan banking

Carnegie Monopolies-Steel

Major StrikesGreat Railroad Strike, Haymarket

Riot

Pullman Strike

Scandals

Goal 6 Review: Imperialism• Role in World Affairs

_T. Roosevelt Alfred T. Mahan “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”

mercantilism- economic system in which colonies provide raw materials for a countryRudyard Kipling’s poem “The White Man’s Burden” promoted Anglo-Saxon superiority.

Part of the world underA country’s control or influence

• Military, Economic, and Political InvolvementHawaiiPearl Harbor- naval base in Hawaii omit- President of the temporary government in Hawaii

AlaskaCalled Sewards’ Folly when Secretary of State William Seward purchased it.

Spanish-American War (The “Splendid Little War” Little loss of life/gain territory/world power

John J. Pershing was The Panama Canalsent to capture connected the Atlantic & Pacific (cut

time/cost of moving between At./Pac.)

1. Trade2. military reasons

Poncho Villa

• US Policies and Impact on OthersDiplomacy of Different Presidents (The Progressives)

Open-Door Policy - John Hay’s request for China’s ports to remain openJingoism - bullying other countriesGreat White Fleet- 16 battleships sent by Teddy Roosevelt to tour the world

Imperialism

Policy in which stronger nations

extend economic, political, or military

control

Expansion has shaped

American character, but

now the frontier is

closed.

We must build American power by

expanding the Navy.

Cubans gained

independence from Spain

De Lôme Letter

Insults our Pres.

McKinley

“Maine” blows up

near Havana, Cuba

George Dewey

destroyed the Spanish

fleet at Manila Bay

Battle of San Juan

Hill Roughrider

s led by Teddy

Roosevelt

Spanish Surrender

Teller Amendmen

t &Platt

Amendment

Cuba becomes a

US protectorat

e

Theodore Roosevelt“Big Stick” Policy

Use force if necessary to defend American interests.

*Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine) – right to intervene

William Howard Taft“Dollar Diplomacy”

Use economic influence in Latin America.

Woodrow Wilson“Missionary Diplomacy”

ChristianityCivilize others

Goal 7 Review: Progressivism• Rise of ProgressivismWhite collar workers that wanted to promote social welfare, moral improvement, economic

reform, and to foster efficiency were called ___________________.

__Triangle Shirtwaist Factory - incident where 146 workers died

• Economic and Political GainsUpton Sinclair’s book The Jungle led to Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act 1906.

Candidates in the Election of 1912

Amendments: 16) income tax 17)_OMIT 18)_alcohol is illegal 19) women gain the right to vote

OMIT New forms of local government: C_____________, C_____________, and C______________OMIT Reformers included ______________ (governor of Wisconsin) and

______________(temperance).

• Racial Segregation

Booker T. Washington - African American reformer; wanted economic equality WEB DuBoise - African American reformer; started the NAACPMarcus Garvey - African American reformer;

“Back to Africa Movement”______________________ - led an anti-lynching campaign

• Technological Changes

The first successful airplane flight was at Kitty Hawk, NC. The plane was built by _______________________.

________Muckrakers___(journalists who exposed poor working conditions and corruption)

Upton Sinclair: (wrote about meat packing industry)

Jacob Riis (poor living conditions in NYC)

Ida Tarbell (business corruption in Standard Oil)

Taft Wilson Bryan

3 Ways States Prevented Blacks from Voting

2 Kinds of Segregation

De Jure

De Facto

Significant Supreme Court Case of 1896

Plessy v. Ferguson

I’m Henry Ford and these are my innovations:

1.Assembly Line_ 2. ______________ 3.________________ My most popular car model was the _Model T

Poll taxGrandfather ClauseLiteracy Test

Goal 8 Review: World War I• Neutrality to WarThe MAIN causes of World War I:Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

The Two Sides

3 Things That Brought the US into the War1)Attack of Lusitania 2)_Zimmerman Telegraph 3)_Sinking of 4 US Merchant

shipsWilson said “the world must be made safe for democracy.”The _______________________________________________ recruited 3 million soldiers.

• WWI Turning Points OMIT____________________________ led the American Expeditionary Force (doughboys).The area in between trenches was known as ________________________.OMIT

• WWI ImpactGovernment Agencies OMIT

The Red Scare ended up sending many radicals, communists, and anarchists out of the country.

The _Sacco-Vanzetti trial involved Italian immigrants that were targeted for a crime with limited evidence.

The Sedition Act of 1918 punished those that did not support the war effort. The Supreme Court case that came from this act was Schenck v. US 1919 no free speech during times of war

The __omit was the plan for repaying war reparations.

The Spark

Assassi

nation

of Archduke

Ferdinand AlliesBritishFranceRussiaUSAItaly

Central PowersGermany

Austro-HungarianOttoman Empire

ItalyBulgaria

Wilson’s 1916 Campaign

Slogan

“He kept us out of the

war”

Wilson’s Plan for Peace

Wilson’s 14 points: called

for a League of Nation to be

created.

The Big Four

Great Britain

France

USA

Italy

The Treaty of Versailles

Germany stripped of army, forced to pay 33

million to Allies & admit guilt of the war.

(will lead to WWII)

Agency

Headed By

Goal 9 Review: 1920s and 1930s• Boom to BustThe Teapot Dome Scandel involved the illegal sale of government lands by Secretary of the

Interior Albert Fall.The highest tariff in US History was imported goods

• Prosperity of Different Segments

___________________World War I veterans marched on Washington and became known as the Bonus Army:

promised a bonus and did not give it to the veterans. Army troops forced them back at gunpoint.

• ChangesMusic was important in the 1920s. The most popular form was Jazz which could be heard on

millions of newly purchased radios_Talkies (movies with sound emerged) and one of the most popular ones was Jazz Singer.___________________ also had a huge impact on American culture.Due to the fears of the American people during the Depression, FDR had many radio

addresses known as Fireside ChatsLost Generation Writers 1)_Ernest Hemingway 2) Scott FitzgeraldHarlem Renaissance Artists 1)_Zora Neale Hurston 2) Louis Armstrong 3) Duke EllingtonHeroes 1)_Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart 2)_Babe Ruth, Jack DempseyProhibition led to 18th amendment and increase in crime and speakeasies• Challenges to TraditionThrough movements such as the Harlem Renaissance and Back to Africa movement, many

African Americans worked to improve their lives.A religious _temperance movement swept the nation. Two of the ministers were

__________________________ and _____________________. The debate between science and religion was publicized with the Scope’s Trial (teacher tried to teach evolution)

• Impact of the New DealThe government practiced deficient spending(spending more than you take in) during this

time period.The first female cabinet member was ____Frances Perkins______.

Black Tuesday

Stock market lost $10 to $15 billion in

value

Factors That Led to The Crash

Buying items on credit

Stock market crash

Banks

Hoovervilles

Shanty towns built by homeless people

Forms of Direct Relief

Encourage public works at state and

local level

Lasting New Deal Agencies

FDIC, Social Security

Created a safety net for American and larger role for government in their lives

Opponents of the New Deal

conservatives

Goal 10 Review: World War II• WWII Causes and US Entry

Neutrality to War

1.2.

The Munich Pact was an 3.example of ________________.4.

5.6.7.8.

• WWII Turning Points

Victory in Europe or V.E. Day Victory in Japan or V.J. Day11 million people (including 6 million Jews) were killed in the Holocaust. Many of the Nazi

officials were put on trial during the Nuremburg Trials for “crimes against humanity.”

• Effects of WWIIThe Office of Price Administration set up a ______________________ system to save materials.

__________________ were sold to raise money for the war.Roles for women changed. Rosie Riverter was a symbol of the working woman.The ______________________ prevented some types of strikes from taking place.

Truman announced his ______________ to protect the rights of workers.During the war, about 100,000 Japanese were sent to internment camps. Later,

this action was challenged in Korematsu v. U.S..The GI Bill allowed many veterans to get a college education and buy

homes in suburbs such as _______________ for their families of the ____________era. There was a growing ________________ although there was not equality for all and many African Americans moved during the _______________________.

• Changes in Foreign PolicyDomino Theory the idea that if one country fell to communism, all would fall.Marshall Plan aid sent to Turkey and Greece _______________ aid sent to Western EuropeBerlin Airlift started after the city was divided and Soviets cut off West Berlin; later the Berlin

Wall divided East and West BerlinUS developed the ____________________ in 1952. Churchill spoke of an iron curtainthat had

fallen across Europe.The Chinese Civil War meant that suddenly 20% of the world’s population was under

communist control. The Korean War ended as a stalemate. The __________________ was bad for US/Soviet relations.

• Peacekeeping Organizations1) United Nations 2)_NATO 3)____________________ 4)___________________5)___________________ 6)__________________

The Rise of Totalitarian Governments

Hitlar, Mussolini, Stalin

Nonaggression Pact

European Theater Pacific Theater

What form of war did the Germans use?___________About 20,000 were killed in the _________________. The ______________________ was the turning point in Eastern Europe.What was the Allied Invasion of France called?_D. day Who led it?_____________What was the German counterattack called?________

What was the turning point in the Pacific?_______________Who led the marines in the Pacific?____________________What strategy did the US use?_______________________2 Significant Pacific victories 1)___________ 2)_________The Manhatten Project led by J. Robert Oppenheimer worked to develop an atomic bomb. Two were dropped. One on Hiroshima and one on Okinawa. This forced the Japanese to surrender.

War Conferences

Goal 11 Review: 1950s and 1960s• Economic, Political, and Social Impact of the Cold WarGovernment response to American fears of the arms race 1) NASA 2)_____________________________________ realigned and reorganized the armed forces_______________________ authorized the building of highways throughout the nation_______________________ Eisenhower warned against this in his Farewell AddressMcCarthyism 1)_______________________ 2)______________________Spy Cases 1)_Julius & Ethel Rosenburg executed for treason in 1953 2)_____________________Failure in Cuba Bay of Pigs Tense situation that ended in success_______________________________ easing of cold war tensions

• Major Events of the Civil Rights MovementBrown v. Board of Education: reversed Plessy v. Ferguson by claiming that separate was

unequal___________________ NAACP lawyer in the case

Attempts to Integrate 1)Little Rock 9 2)_James MeredithNonviolent Protests 1) sit-ins 2) marchesGroups that Developed 1)_SNCC 2)_COREChanges in the Movement 1)_Malcolm X- by any means necessary 2) Stockley Carmicheal

3)_Black Panther MovementAccomplishments 1) integration of buses 2)voting rights (24th amendment) 3)desegregation

of schools 4)____________

• Social MovementsLeaders in the Women’s Movement 1) Betty Freidan-founder of NOW 2)_______________________Cesar Chavez led the Mexican-American labor movement. Another movement of this era

was the Native Americans/Feminist MovementThe EPA must enforce the 1)_pollution standards 2)__________________________Counterculture Events/Groups 1)_Woodstock 2) Hippies \• Vietnam

Leader of the Where did the Vietnamese defeat the French?

North Vietnamese; ________________________his followers were What gave the President broad military

powers?called __________; ________________________his supporters in the What new weapons were used?South were __________ ________________________

____________ Who was the American commander in Vietnam?________________________

What was the turning point of the war? Tet OffensiveWhat event involved US troops killing unarmed Vietnamese? MylaiWhat limited the power of the President in committing troops? War Powers Resolution_____Protest in which 4 students were killed Kent University Massacre

• Technological Changes and Political EventsSputnik:first artificial satellite (Russian); this led to the

development of ____________________ and ____________________New Frontier: Kennedy’s domestic programPeace Corps: Kennedy’s program for developing nationsGreat Society Johnson’s domestic program (included Medicaid/Medicare, Head Start, etc.)What year was filled with protests including one at the Democratic National Convention?

_________25th Amendment Presidential Succession_Supreme Court case questioning the release of the Pentagon Papers ________________________CREEP broke into the Democratic National Headquarters to gain info to help Nixon win the

1972 election. There was an illegal cover-up; Nixon had to release the oval office tapes according to the decision in Nixon v. United States. Ford became the first unelected President in US History.

Goal 12 Review: The Modern Era• Foreign Policy Since VietnamWhich President was most concerned with human rights?_CarterThe end of apartheid in South Africa led to the election of _Nelson Mandela.______________chief leader of the PLO; _________________ Egypt and Syria attacked IsraelCamp David Accords Carter’s biggest accomplishment as President; between Egypt and Israel_____________________ religious leader in Iran the took over after the Shah; Carter’s biggest

failure as President ______________________________________________members of Reagan’s administration secretly sold missiles to Iran to support the Contras

Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan’s plan nicknamed “Star Wars”The end of the Cold War was symbolized by the fall of Berlin WallA student protest in China turned violent at ___________________________.The _____________________ was a success for the United States under George Bush.Where did Clinton send troops in 1995 for a peacekeeping effort?_________________

• Federal LegislationAmendments 26)_voting age to 18 27)_Congressional salary______________________ first woman to run for Vice President______________________ first female Supreme Court JusticeClarence Thomas replaced Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme CourtCharotte-Mecklanburg v. Swann questioned bussing to integrate schools______________________ allowed flag burning under the 1st Amendment______________________ outlawed gender discrimination in school activities

• Economic, Technological, and Environmental Changes________________ high inflation and high unemployment; WIN __________________________Reaganomics was based on the idea of high interest rates or cutting taxes.NAFTA eliminated tariffs between Canada, the United States, and MexicoThe Energy Crisis of the 1970s led to the _____________________ and the _______________.New forms of energy developed including ____________________ and ___________________.

• Social, Political, and Cultural ChangesNew Federalism: Nixon’s policy that involved giving federal money to state and local governments for social

programs

The ______________________ developed in the 1980s among conservatives.Ford granted a full pardon to Nixon. Carter issued pardon to Vietnam draft dodgers.Who won these elections?1980: Reagon 1984 Reagon 1988_George Bush1992 Bill Clinton 1996 Bill Clinton 2000 George W. Bush

• Racial and Ethnic DiversityMost immigrants now come from Latino countries and Asia. There has been a new rise in

__nativism feelings. Schools now focus on science and math education.What put new standards in place for schools and ties funding to test scores? No Child Left

Behind & Race to the Top

• TerrorismUS embassies were bombed in 1998 in what two countries? 1)________________ 2)___________What terrorist network is responsible for many terrorist attacks including the 9/11 attacks?Al

Qaeda Who heads this group?_Osama Bin LadenWho was the Secretary of State during that time?Colin Powell (1st African American male to

hold position)Developments after 9/11 1) Department of Homeland Security 2)__________________

3)_____________The United States now uses _____________________ for protection.