GLOBAL HISTORY GLOBAL HISTORY REVIEWREVIEW

ABSOLUTISM, ABSOLUTISM,

the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION,

the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION, the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION,

and theand the

AGE of ENLIGHTENMENTAGE of ENLIGHTENMENT

TERMSTERMS

DIVINE RIGHT: DIVINE RIGHT: the European belief that the European belief that God chose who could be King or QueenGod chose who could be King or Queen

MONARCHY: MONARCHY: a type of government run by a type of government run by a King or Queen-they inherit their power a King or Queen-they inherit their power from a family memberfrom a family member

ABSOLUTISM-ABSOLUTISM-when a monarch rules withwhen a monarch rules with totaltotal powerpower (absolute power)-they do (absolute power)-they do whatever they want to-they don’t consider whatever they want to-they don’t consider the needs of their people.the needs of their people.

INFLUENTIAL WRITERSINFLUENTIAL WRITERSNICCOLO MACHIAVELLI: NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI: wrote a book called wrote a book called TheThe PrincePrince-said rulers should rule by having -said rulers should rule by having their subjects fear them, not love themtheir subjects fear them, not love them

THOMAS HOBBS: THOMAS HOBBS: wrote a book called wrote a book called TheThe LeviathonLeviathon-said people were naturally -said people were naturally unorganized and simple, they needed strong unorganized and simple, they needed strong leadersleaders

ABSOLUTE MONARCHSABSOLUTE MONARCHS

YOU SHOULD KNOW:YOU SHOULD KNOW:

1.1. Where they were fromWhere they were from

2.2. One thing they did for their nationOne thing they did for their nation

3.3. How that thing affected their nationHow that thing affected their nation

AKBAR THE GREATAKBAR THE GREAT1) INDIA1) INDIA

2) He developed one 2) He developed one of India’s “Golden of India’s “Golden Ages”-a time of Ages”-a time of peace and wealth.peace and wealth.

3) The Golden Age 3) The Golden Age made a peaceful and made a peaceful and prosperous life for prosperous life for Indians of that time.Indians of that time.

FERDINAND and ISABELLAFERDINAND and ISABELLA

1) SPAIN1) SPAIN

2) They sponsored 2) They sponsored the voyages of the voyages of Columbus.Columbus.

3) The discoveries of 3) The discoveries of Columbus brought Columbus brought great wealth and great wealth and power to Spain.power to Spain.

CHARLES VCHARLES V

1) SPAIN1) SPAIN

2) Led resistance 2) Led resistance against the Ottoman against the Ottoman EmpireEmpire

3) Kept Western 3) Kept Western Europe in control of Europe in control of the Ottoman Empire the Ottoman Empire (kept it Christian-not (kept it Christian-not Muslim).Muslim).

PHILIP IIPHILIP II1) SPAIN1) SPAIN

Spent Spain’s newly Spent Spain’s newly acquired wealth acquired wealth defending Catholicism defending Catholicism in Europe during the in Europe during the Reformation and Reformation and Counter-Reformation.Counter-Reformation.

Spain lost its power Spain lost its power and became a weaker and became a weaker nation again.nation again.

LOUIS XIVLOUIS XIV

1) FRANCE1) FRANCE

2) Taxed the poor 2) Taxed the poor people, but not the people, but not the rich-used the tax rich-used the tax money to build the money to build the Palace of Versailles.Palace of Versailles.

3) Put too much 3) Put too much economic pressure on economic pressure on the poor people-many the poor people-many people starved.people starved.

PETER THE GREATPETER THE GREAT

1) RUSSIA1) RUSSIA

2) He tried to 2) He tried to westernizewesternize (modernize) Russia.(modernize) Russia.

3) Western artists, 3) Western artists, scientists, and scientists, and teachers came and teachers came and taught Russians how taught Russians how to be more modern.to be more modern.

CASE STUDY: ENGLANDCASE STUDY: ENGLAND

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTIONTHE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

MAGNA CARTA: a document that MAGNA CARTA: a document that limitedlimited thethe powerspowers of the Kings and Queens in England. of the Kings and Queens in England.

PARLIAMENT: originally a committee of Nobles PARLIAMENT: originally a committee of Nobles created to keep an eye on the King’s actions.created to keep an eye on the King’s actions.

English Civil War:English Civil War:-King Charles I vs Parliament-fighting for control -King Charles I vs Parliament-fighting for control of power in England.of power in England.

-Parliament won (gained more powers than they -Parliament won (gained more powers than they had before).had before).

-Charles I was executed-monarchy was abolished.-Charles I was executed-monarchy was abolished.

--Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (leader of Parliament) took (leader of Parliament) took over-over-The CommonwealthThe Commonwealth ran England for a few ran England for a few years.years.

The “Restoration”:The “Restoration”:

The monarchy was restored temporarily The monarchy was restored temporarily after the “Commonwealth” did not work after the “Commonwealth” did not work out too well. out too well.

Glorious Revolution:Glorious Revolution:

Restored dynasty did not work out-William Restored dynasty did not work out-William and Mary asked to the throne-only under and Mary asked to the throne-only under the assumption that the assumption that Parliament now had Parliament now had more power than the monarchymore power than the monarchy-supported -supported the the English Bill of Rights.English Bill of Rights.

Today:Today:Great Britain has a Great Britain has a Limited Constitutional Limited Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy

The Monarchy’s powers are The Monarchy’s powers are limited by a written constitutionlimited by a written constitution

Parliament has all of the real Parliament has all of the real power nowpower now

THE THE SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

SCIENTIFIC METHOD: a process used to SCIENTIFIC METHOD: a process used to answer scientific questions.answer scientific questions.

it helped bring into question the common it helped bring into question the common acceptance that God caused everything to acceptance that God caused everything to happenhappen

COPERNICUS and GALILEO: COPERNICUS and GALILEO: Proved the Sun was the center of the Solar Proved the Sun was the center of the Solar System (Heliocentric Theory).System (Heliocentric Theory).

This proved that the church could be wrong This proved that the church could be wrong about something (the Church had said the about something (the Church had said the Earth was the center.Earth was the center.

HELIOCENTRIC THEORY: “sun-centered” HELIOCENTRIC THEORY: “sun-centered” theory theory

It raised the question, “If the Church could It raised the question, “If the Church could be wrong about this issue, could it be wrong be wrong about this issue, could it be wrong about other issues?”about other issues?”

……such as Divine Right?such as Divine Right?

AGE AGE of of

ENLIGHTENMENTENLIGHTENMENTA time when people were enlightened A time when people were enlightened (exposed) to new ideas and ways of (exposed) to new ideas and ways of thinking-thinking-especially about politicsespecially about politics..

AGE OF REASON: people used AGE OF REASON: people used reasonreason to to guide them in their decisions (this comes guide them in their decisions (this comes from the scientific approach to learning).from the scientific approach to learning).

ENLIGHTMENT ENLIGHTMENT THINKERS:THINKERS:

JOHN LOCKEJOHN LOCKE::

All people have certain All people have certain rightsrights

Governments should Governments should protect people’s rightsprotect people’s rights

If the government does If the government does not-people can over not-people can over throw the governmentthrow the government

Other Enlightenment Other Enlightenment Thinkers:Thinkers:

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAUJEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU: :

There is a social contract between There is a social contract between people and govt.people and govt.

The majority should ruleThe majority should rule

VOLTAIREVOLTAIRE: : Wrote plays and stories that Wrote plays and stories that poked fun of nobility and absolute poked fun of nobility and absolute government.government.

BARON de MONTESQUIEUBARON de MONTESQUIEU: : There should be a separation of There should be a separation of powers-executive, judicial, powers-executive, judicial, legislative.legislative.

Their Influence:Their Influence:

The ideas expressed by Enlightenment The ideas expressed by Enlightenment thinkers got people to consider changing thinkers got people to consider changing their governments…their governments…

……from Monarchies to Republics.from Monarchies to Republics.