gi confined space asse
TRANSCRIPT
Confined Spaces
John Newquist
September 20, 2011
CSP Today
Tina Williamson
Her 18 year old son Matthew died in a ship confined space on Dec. 1, 2005.
“So sad. One of the faults of the company is that it had no rescue plan in place. Well with my son, the only plan the company had was to call 911. This was deemed a good plan by OSHA. This is not a good plan for workers. Time is crucial. A trained rescue team needs to be close to the workers working in confined spaces.”
“I ask you to conduct a review of your rescue provisions. Are contractors used for entry or rescue? Is there practice? Can they get the workers out in time?”
Draw Straws DOL looking to ban
teens doing this job
Xcel Fire
5 DiedCriminal Indictmentswww.csp.gov
Confined Space Most Cited
Not evaluating confined spaces
No Confined Space signs
No written Confined Space Program
No Permit before Entry
Employee Training
No Rescue Provisions
Not testing the Confined Space
Not developing safe permit entry operations
Entry Supervisor not verifying tests were conducted
No retrieval system where practical
History
No standard for years - proposed 1976
Film Recovery – Hydrogen cyanide -1983
ANSI Z117General Duty ClauseOSHA 1910.146
published in 1993
Statistics
Over 224,000 worksites have permit spacesOver 2.1 million workers enter permit
spaces annuallyCompliance with 1910.146 will save:
- at least 53 worker deaths
- 4,900 lost workday cases
- 5,700 non lost-time accidents ANNUALLY
Idaho 2000
Allan Elias, 61, was ordered to serve 17 years in Jail
$6.3M in restitutionTold workers to clean
cyanide tank without respirators
Employee suffered permanent brain damage
Confined Space
A space that:
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work
Has limited or restricted entry/exit means Is not designed for continuous worker occupancy
Permit Space
a risk of death, incapacitation, injury or acute illness
flammable gases oxygen deficient toxic atmosphere engulfment, other serious physical
hazards (ex. Augers)
Permits
The following permit has been designed to assist in protecting persons entering confined spaces. It shall be completed before any employee enters a space designated as a "Permit-Required Confined Space". Only individuals that have received Confined Space Training shall be authorized to complete this permit. All questions that are not applicable to the entry are to be answered as "N/A". This section is to be completed by the confined space entry supervisor.
IDENTIFICATION Location_________________________________________________________________________ Date: Expiration Date: Time: am pm
Note: This Permit is valid for one entry team during a single entry. Maximum duration of the permit will be 8 hours . All copies shall remain at the job site until work has been completed.Description of Space: _______________________________________________________________________________Reason for entry: (e.g., welding, cleaning, etc.)__________________________________________________________
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL (list) Entrants Attendants Contractors EQUIPMENT REQUIRED What type of communication equipment will be used to maintain contact with entrants? ( ) radio ( ) phone ( ) visual
contact ( ) other ____________What type of communication equipment will be available to contact emergency services? ( ) radio ( ) phoneIs respiratory protective equipment required for this job? ( )Yes ( )NoIf yes, has each member of the entry team completed respirator training, physicals and fit testing?
( )Yes ( )No If yes, what type? ( ) SCBA ( ) supplied air ( ) PAPR ( ) full face ( ) half mask cartridge used: _______Is personal protective clothing required for this job? ( )Yes ( )No If yes, What type? ( ) coveralls ( ) splash suit ( ) leather gloves ( ) chemical gloves ( ) goggles ( ) face shield ( ) ear plugs ( ) ear muffs ( ) hard hat ( ) welding hood ( ) welding gloves ( ) welding jacket ( ) safety boots ( ) chemical boots ( ) other_______What types of hazardous energy may be present?( ) electrical ( ) mechanical ( ) hydraulic ( )chemical ( )pneumatic ( ) thermalHow will these hazards be eliminated or controlled? ___________________________________________________
What other hazards may the worker be exposed to? ___________________________________________________ Supervisor's Name (Print)_______________ Signature________________________ Date_____________ This section is to be completed by the attendant.
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING Type of gas monitor____________________ Date of last calibration ________________________________ Oxygen (between 19.5% and 23.5%) ____ Flammables/combustibles (less than 10% of L.E.L.) ____ TOXIC CONTAMINANTS Chemical Name ______ (Is the MSDS present?) __________ PEL #1 ____ #2 ____ #3 ____ #4 _____ THIS PERMIT MUST BE POSTED NEAR THE ENTRANCE OF THE SPACE DURING ENTRY
THIS ENTRY MUST BE REGISTERED WITH THE SAFETY DIRECTOR PRIOR TO ENTRYCheck List(Initial the appropriate box) All warning/caution signs, barricades, etc. are posted and in place. _____
Hazardous energy has been locked and tagged. _______ An emergency escape plan has been developed. _______ Safety life lines and retrieval system are secured and in place, _______ Space has been properly ventilated. ______ Required personal protective equipment is available and in use. ______
Signs
Required for permit confined spaces
Non Permit Spaces
All other serious hazards have been controlled
Air monitoring data to show that the air quality is safe or
Continuous force air ventilation presents no hazards
Underground storage vault
Motel Fatality
2002 - IL Worker goes to restart
pump Passes out and dies 5 feet deep
Atmosphere
Atmosphere that is hazardous if:
1) Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of LEL
2) Airborne combustible dust at level equal or greater than LFL (or wherever dust obscures vision at 5 feet (1.52 m) or less
3) Oxygen concentration less than 19.5 OR greater than 23.5
Machine Pit
1989 - IL Pit measured 12 ' x 20' x
12' deep Carbon Monoxide pulled
into pit from heating operations
2 rescuers hospitalized
Typical Machine Pit
Monitoring
Monitor for YOUR hazards
Calibrate your monitor – ensure the validity of your sensors
Calibration must occur in clean air
Electric Vault Fire
1992 Workers trying to dry
water out of a vault with a propane heater
Left on overnight Lit match to see and
propane caused explosion
No monitoring performed
Considerations
Identify your hazards Refer to respirator
standard 1910.134 Enforce the
respiratory protection that in in the program
Foundry
2002 Workers sent into a large
cupola to remove a plate Wore SCBAs, but were
never trained or used SCBA before
CO 200+ ppm Typical Small
Cupola
Entry
Action where the entrant passes through the opening into the permit space to perform work
NOTE: Entry is considered to have occurred when any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of the opening.
Chemical Plant
1989 Worker went into
vessel Used 100% nitrogen
to cool himself off Passed out
Supervisors
(35%) of the workers killed in confined spaces were supervisors
Acceptable entry conditions must be present
Authorizes entry and oversees entry operations
Initiates termination of entry
Bastian Plating
June 26, 1988 - IN Worker asphyxiated
while using acid to clean out a tank.
The 5’ x 4’ x 5’ tank had been treated with zinc cyanide
Four coworkers, aged 19 to 25, were subsequently asphyxiated one by one as they tried to save their friends.
Typical Plating Tank
Attendant
Individual stationed outside the permit space who monitors entrants
Must have communication
Can alert rescue
Water Vault
1995 - IL Two workers sent to
turn on a water valve in a 22 foot deep dry well. Both died.
Ladders were rusty Stagnant water at the
bottom No Attendant
Example of a water pit
Retrieval
Equipment for non-entry rescue of personnel from a permit space:
Full-body harness Retrieval line Wristlets Lifting Device or
Anchor
Rescue
Sixty percent (60%) of all confined space deaths were the would-be-rescuers
Rescue equipment must be maintained
Run practice drills Who enters???
Grain Fire
1995 - IL Grain salvage Employee passes out Fire Chief died
rescuing the employee
Criminal indictments for falsifying permits
Training
Train before being assigned, when changes occur
Provide advisory training prior to entry of any space
Manufacturing
1995 - IL Open pit 45’ x’ 60’ Argon gas had been
used instead of compressed air to operate a pump that removed water from the pit.
Hose connections 3 died
Typical Machine Pit
Let the Contractor Go In?
Blink! You make the call…
Bottom of a cupola. Contractor.
Heat Stress new focus
Train the workforce Perform the heaviest work in
the coolest part of the day Slowly build up tolerance to
the heat and the work activity (usually takes up to two weeks)
Drink plenty of cool water (one cup every 15-20 minutes)
Wear light, loose-fitting, breathable (cotton) clothing
Take frequent short breaks in cool or shaded areas
Provide fans
Quiz____% of confined space deaths are the rescuers.
What toxic chemical was in Film Recovery’s vats? ____________
What is the name of the individual stationed outside the permit space who monitors entrants? ______________
An Oxygen concentration less than ____ is hazardous.
Name one thing that could make a permit space classified as nonpermit. ___________________
Why is calibration of the confined space testing meter necessary? ________________________________________
Secret?
Illinois Onsite 800-972-4216
INSAFE 317-234-4792
Large companies use insurance, consultants, outside eyes
CSP or CIH
Inspections
Risk Frequency
Mapping Fatals Safety +
Health Sectors
Confined Space ~120
Where to Start?
Risk Management – Frequent Risks/High Severity
Job Hazard Analysis Operating Procedures Emergency
Procedures Training Incident Investigations Audits
Job Safety Analysis Blank form- Copy for use at the workplace
Item Work activity Hazard Risk control Persons responsible Completion
Number Break the job down into steps
What could harm someone? What can be done to make the job safe?
Who will make sure it happens?
Date and signoff
Future
More Sector targeting vs. DART
More JHAs More guidance
documents Business case for
safety OIS
Ever see a large corporation have one secured single sign on with multiple devices at multiple locations using cloud emails and access to all its software platforms?
Summary
Job hazard AnalysisEquipment for Rescue, Testing,
Communication, Heat (Pipe too much O2, N2 to cool off)TrainingAudits
Further • This was prepared as a collaborative effort several
friends as a preliminary update evaluating confined spaces...
• These are just some the issues. A comprehensive job hazard analysis should be conducted for any confined space.
• This is not an official OSHA publication. Those will be on the OSHA.gov website.
• Email me at [email protected] if you see any errors or call me at 312-353-5977.
• I want to thank Tina Williamson and Janet S. for all their assistance in answering questions and providing insight to the many hazards in this sector.