2019 GAA Annual Conference & Expo | Jekyll Island, Ga | September 25 – 27, 2019

Session 3: Georgia’s Pavement

Evaluation Study

Overview

Presented forGeorgia Department of Transportation

Presented byMaggie Covalt, P.E. and Kyle Potvin, P.E.

Georgia Airport Pavement Management System (APMS)

Presentation Overview

• GDOT Airport Pavement Management System (APMS)– Background

– Scope

– Deliverables

– Project Findings• Common Georgia Pavement

Distress Types– How to Identify

– How to Mitigate

GDOT APMS Background

• APMS Used To– Track Inventory and Condition Information– Predict Future Pavement Condition– Identify Pavement-Related Needs– Develop Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R)

Plans– Communicate Needs and Impacts of Different

Funding Levels

Why Bother?

SafetyInvestment

Compliance

Safety

• Hydroplaning• Loss of Friction• Foreign Object Damage

(FOD)• Tire Damage Potential and

Loss of Steering Control

Investment

• Pavements Represent Large Capital

• Important to Protect this Critical Asset

• Cost-Effective Time– For Maintenance– For Rehabilitation

Compliance

• Public Law 103-305• Safety (Grant Assurance 19)• Pavement Maintenance Management

(Grant Assurance 11)

GDOT APMS – Project Background

• Implemented in 1997/1998

• Updated in 2001, 2007, 2011, and 2018/2019

• Includes 102 Airports– 8 Commercial Service– 84 General Aviation

GDOT APMS – Project Team

• GDOT Aviation Programs– True Partner in the Project and Active Participant

• Jviation– Overall Project Manager

• Applied Pavement Technology– Lead of Airport Pavement Management Task

• Aulick Engineering– Systems Inventory and Unit Costs

GDOT APMS Scope

• Systems Inventory• Network Definition• Condition Assessment• PAVER Database

Development

• System Customization• Data Analysis• Reporting

GDOT APMS – System Inventory

• Determine Pavements to be Evaluated

• Gather Relevant Pavement Information

• Use Information to Document Pavement Assets and Define Pavement Network

• Task Led by GDOT and Aulick Engineering

GDOT APMS – Network Definition

• Network– Each Airport Individual Network Within Database– Defined by Airport Name and Associated City

• Branch– Each Runway, Taxiway, and Apron within an Airport– Runway Names Start with RW, Taxiways with TW,

Aprons with A, and T-Hangars with THANG• Sections

– Portions of a Branch with Similar Characteristics– Numbered in Increments of 10

GDOT APMS – Condition Assessment

• Visual Inspection Using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Procedure

• Identify Type, Severity, and Extent of Distress

• Calculate PCI, which ranges from 100 (Visually Perfect) to 0 (Failed)

Condition Assessment (cont.)

PCIRange Repair

86-100

Preventive Maintenance71-85

56-70

Major Rehabilitation41-55

26-40

Reconstruction11-25

0-10

Refer to AC 150/5380-6C and ASTM D5340 for further information on the PCImethodology.

Condition Assessment (cont.)

• Limitations• PCI Not Used to Calculate Layer

Properties• PCI Not Used to Assess Structural

Capacity• PCI Not Used to Calculate

Pavement Classification Numbers (PCNs)

PAVER Database Development

• Inventory Data• Pavement Work History Data• PCI Data

GDOT APMS – Customization

• Database Fields• Performance Models• Maintenance Policies• Unit Costs

– Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements

– North, South, Metro, and Air Carrier Cost Regions

– Led by Aulick Engineering

GDOT APMS – M&R Analysis

• 5-Year Analysis Period• Critical PCIs

– General Aviation : 70 for Runways and 60 for Remainder

– Air Carrier : 75 for Runways and 65 for Remainder• Financial Parameters

– No Funding– Unlimited Funding– Budget to Achieve Area-Weighted PCI of 80

GDOT APMS Deliverables

• Maps• PAVER Database• Individual Airport Reports• Statewide Summary Report• Executive Summary Report

Project Findings

• Inventory• Condition• Financial

Project Findings: Inventory

• Total Pavement Area: 151.6 million square feet

– General Aviation: 114.2 million square feet

– Commercial Service: 37.4 million square feet

• Area-Weighted Age: 17.6 years

– General Aviation: 17.1 years

– Commercial Service: 19.2 years

Project Findings: Inventory (cont.)

22

18

15

18 21

17

16

17 20

19

14 21 2315 15

190

20

40

60

100

80

120

140

160

Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar

Pave

men

t Are

a (m

illio

ns o

fsf)

TaxiwayBranch Use

Entire System General Aviation Commercial Service

Numbers on the chart show area-weighted age in years.

Project Findings: Inventory (cont.)

16

1415

20

11

18

15

18

21

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar

Pave

men

t Age

,yea

rs

TaxiwayBranch Use

2012 Age 2018 Age

Numbers on the chart show area-weighted age in years.

Project Findings: Condition

Project Findings: Condition (cont.)

77 7780

71

82

71 73 7368 70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

70

80

100

90

Overall Runway

Pave

men

t Con

ditio

n In

dex,

PCI

Taxiway Apron/Helipad T-HangarBranch Use

2012 PCI Entire System 2018 PCI Entire System

Project Findings: Condition (cont.)

76 77 78

70

83

6971 70

63

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

70

80

100

90

Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar

Pave

men

t Con

ditio

n In

dex

(PC

I)

TaxiwayBranch Use

2012 PCI GA Airports 2018 PCI GA Airports

Project Findings: Condition (cont.)

80 7984

76

70

78 77 78 80

67

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

70

80

100

90

Overall Runway Apron/Helipad T-Hangar

Pave

men

t Con

ditio

n In

dex

(PC

I)

TaxiwayBranch Use

2012 PCI Commercial Service 2018 PCI Commercial Service

Project Findings: Condition (cont.)

• Why Has PCI Dropped Since 2012?– Increased Pavement Area to Manage– Increased Age of Pavement System– Continued Inflation Impacting Ability of

Allocated Funding to Meet Pavement Needs

Overall Level of Funding Has Not Kept Pace with Needs

Project Findings: Condition (cont.)

Project Findings: Financial

• No Funding• Unlimited Funding• Funding to Achieve Area-Weighted PCI of 80 by

2024

Project Findings: Financial (cont.)

• No Funding– PCI Drops from 71 to 63 by 2024– Funding Backlog Accumulates to $645.3 MillionGeneral Aviation $513.4 Million Commercial Service $131.9 Million

Important to Note: Costs are for Pavement Only andNever to be Used for Final Planning Purposes or BidEstimations

Project Findings: Financial (cont.)

• Unlimited Funding– Area-Weighted Increases to 2024 PCI of 88– Funding Total is $455.4 MillionGeneral Aviation $354.2 Million Commercial Service $101.2 Million

Project Findings: Financial (cont.)

• Funding to Achieve PCI of 80 by 2024– Funding Total is $290.25 Million

• General Aviation $244 Million• Commercial Service $46.25 Million

Project Findings: Financial (cont.)

Georgia Airport Pavement Distresses: Common Types, Causes, and Mitigation

Asphalt Pavement Distresses

• Alligator (Fatigue) Cracking

• Bleeding• Block Cracking• Corrugation• Depression• Jet Blast• Joint Reflective

Cracking• Long. & Trans. (L&T)

Cracking

• Oil/Fuel Damage• Patching• Polished Aggregate• Raveling• Rutting• Shoving• Slippage Cracking• Swelling• Weathering

Alligator Cracking

• Causes– Structural failure– Fatigue under repeated

traffic loading• Feasible Repair

Strategies– Localized: patching– Extensive: major

rehabilitation that addresses structural needs

Bleeding

• Causes– Excessive amount of

asphalt cement or tars in mix

– Low air void content• Feasible Repair

Strategies– Sand and roll– Plane/Grind– Remove and replace

Depression

• Causes– Built-in during

construction– Settlement of foundation

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if safety issue– Extensive: Major

rehabilitation to address subgrade issues

Longitudinal and Transverse (L&T) Cracking

• Causes– Poor paving lane joint– Shrinkage of AC due to

low temperatures or hardening of asphalt

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Crack seal– Major rehabilitation

Block Cracking

• Causes– Shrinkage of asphalt

concrete– Daily temperature cycling

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Crack seal– Major rehabilitation

Oil/Fuel Damage

• Causes– Spilling of oil, fuel, or

other solvents

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Monitor– Patch

Patching

• Causes– Localized pavement

deterioration– Utilities

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Replace patch if

deteriorated

Rutting (and Alligator Cracking)

• Causes– Consolidation or lateral

movement of materialsdue to traffic loading

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if localized– Major rehabilitation

Shoving

• Causes– PCC pavement adjacent

to AC pavement– PCC “growth” pushes AC

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Mill and patch

Swelling

• Causes– Frost action– Expansive soils– Faulting from underlying

PCC• Feasible Repair

Strategies– Patch if localized– Extensive: Major

rehabilitation

Weathering

• Causes– Pavement aging and

hardening

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if isolated– Surface treatment

Raveling

• Causes– Pavement aging and

hardening

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Patch if isolated– Major rehabilitation

PCC Pavement Distresses

• Alkali Silica Reaction• Blow-Up• Corner Break• Durability Cracking• Faulting• Joint Seal Damage• Linear Cracking• Patch (Small and

Large)

• Popouts• Pumping• Scaling• Shattered Slab• Shrinkage Cracking• Spalling (Joint and Corner)

Alkali Silica Reactivity (ASR)

• Causes– Chemical reaction of alkalis

in portland cement with certain reactive silica minerals

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Partial depth patch/repair

if isolated along joints– Replace slab at medium

and high severities

Corner Break

• Causes– Load repetition combined

with loss of support and curling stresses

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Seal low severity cracks– Patch or partial slab

replacement

Faulting

• Causes– Upheaval or consolidation

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Leveling patch– Grind

Joint Seal Damage

• Causes– Stripping of joint sealant– Extrusion of joint sealant– Weed growth– Hardening of filler– Loss of bond

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Reseal joints

Joint and Corner Spall

• Causes– Excessive stresses caused

by incompressibles in joints

– Traffic loads– Weak material at joints

combined with traffic loads

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Partial-depth patch/repair

LTD Cracking

• Causes– Combination of load

repetition, curling stresses, and shrinkage stresses

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Seal cracks– Full depth patch– Replace slab

Patching (Small and Large)

Causes: Multiple Feasible Repair Strategies: Replace Patch

Shattered Slab

• Causes– Load repetition

• Feasible Repair Strategies– Replace slab if localized– Reconstruction if extensive

Questions?

Thank you!

For more information or questions contact: Maggie Covalt, P.E. or Kyle Potvin, P.E.

mcovalt@appliedpavement.com or kpotvin@appliedpavement.com www.appliedpavement.com