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Case Studies in APM Payment Innovation: Surgical Episodes Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D.

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Page 1: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Case Studies in APM Payment Innovation:

Surgical EpisodesAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D.

Page 2: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the
Page 3: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery

Page 4: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery

Page 5: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

APMs & Ortho: In the Quality Payment

Program EraAdvanced APMs:  CJR, SHFFT

Advanced BPCI

Page 6: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

But where are surgical specialties?

Page 7: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model (CJR) April 1, 2016

Mandatory • Hospital‐based bundle in 67 

Metropolitan Service Areas (MSAs)• Excludes Lower Extremity Joint 

Replacement (LEJR)• Triggered by MS‐DRGs: 469 & 470 

• Major joint replacement or • Reattachment of lower 

extremity • With and without complications 

or comorbidities

Quality measures • THA/TKA Complications measure 

(NQF #1550)• HCAHPS patient experience Survey 

measure (NQF #0166)• Voluntary PROM reporting

Two separate target prices: • Elective joint arthroplasty (hip, 

knee, ankle) & • Hip fracture (hemiarthroplasty or 

arthroplasty)• Blended pricing: historical hospital 

and regional spending data

Page 8: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Surgical Hip/Femur Fracture Treatment Model (SHFFT)

Proposed Rule July 2016• Begin on July 1, 2017• Excludes Lower Extremity Joint Replacement 

(LEJR, MS‐DRGs: 469 & 470)

Triggered by MS‐DRGs: 480‐482• Hip/femur Fracture Fixation procedures• Except joint replacement • With and without complications or 

comorbidities

Mandatory in: • Most CJR hospitals • Some exceptions

Same as CJR• Pricing method and • Quality measures 

Page 9: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

APM vs. A-APM (Advanced APM)

CJR & SHFFT:

Potential options for 2 tracks in 2017 or 2018•Track 1:  Advanced APM, meeting requirements for:

•use of CEHRT [Certified Electronic Health Record Technology]•more than nominal risk•[payment based on quality measures comparable to MIPS]

•Track 2:  non‐Advanced APM  

Page 10: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Bundled Payment for Care Initiative (BPCI) Phasing out

•Drove down cost per episode•No loss of quality•Increased number of 

procedures at participating 

facilities•Success of more efficiency . . .or supply‐induced demand?

How does this inform Advanced BPCI?

Page 11: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

APMs & Ortho: The future?

Page 12: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the
Page 13: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

ACS/Brandeis : American College of Surgeons, “Groupers”

Opportunities

•Groupers:  “Bundles of 

bundles”•Comprehensive•Option for broader procedure 

and diagnosis inclusion•Opportunity for risk 

adjustment

Barriers & Challenges

•Complex•Attribution/Assignment•Relationship to payment not 

clear•Development resource‐

intensive

Page 14: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

ACS/Brandeis : American College of Surgeons, “Groupers”

https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality‐Initiatives‐Patient‐Assessment‐Instruments/Value‐Based‐

Programs/MACRA‐MIPS‐and‐APMs/Method‐A‐Technical.pdf

Page 15: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Beyond joint replacement

ACS throws a broad net:

Page 16: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

Beyond joint replacement But overwhelming with: •Trigger codes•Relevant Services•Relevant Diagnoses•Sequelae

Episode and Sub‐Category Name Subcategory Trigger CodeCode Type Trigger Code DescriptionFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27700 CPT Arthroplasty, ankle;Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27702 CPT Arthroplasty, ankle; with implant (total ankle)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27703 CPT Arthroplasty, ankle; revision, total ankleFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27720 CPT Repair of nonunion or malunion, tibia; without graft, (eg, compression technique)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27722 CPT Repair of nonunion or malunion, tibia; with sliding graftFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27724 CPT Repair of nonunion or malunion, tibia; with iliac or other autograft (includes obtaining graft)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27725 CPT Repair of nonunion or malunion, tibia; by synostosis, with fibula, any methodFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27726 CPT Repair of fibula nonunion and/or malunion with internal fixationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27752 CPT Closed treatment of tibial shaft fracture (with or without fibular fracture); with manipulation, with or without skeletal tractionFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27756 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of tibial shaft fracture (with or without fibular fracture) (eg, pins or screws)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27758 CPT Open treatment of tibial shaft fracture (with or without fibular fracture), with plate/screws, with or without cerclageFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27760 CPT Closed treatment of medial malleolus fracture; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27762 CPT Closed treatment of medial malleolus fracture; with manipulation, with or without skin or skeletal tractionFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27766 CPT Open treatment of medial malleolus fracture, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27767 CPT Closed treatment of posterior malleolus fracture; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27768 CPT Closed treatment of posterior malleolus fracture; with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27769 CPT Open treatment of posterior malleolus fracture, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27780 CPT Closed treatment of proximal fibula or shaft fracture; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27781 CPT Closed treatment of proximal fibula or shaft fracture; with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27784 CPT Open treatment of proximal fibula or shaft fracture, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27786 CPT Closed treatment of distal fibular fracture (lateral malleolus); without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27788 CPT Closed treatment of distal fibular fracture (lateral malleolus); with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27792 CPT Open treatment of distal fibular fracture (lateral malleolus), includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27808 CPT Closed treatment of bimalleolar ankle fracture (eg, lateral and medial malleoli, or lateral and posterior malleoli or medial and posterior malleoli); without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27810 CPT Closed treatment of bimalleolar ankle fracture (eg, lateral and medial malleoli, or lateral and posterior malleoli or medial and posterior malleoli); with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27814 CPT Open treatment of bimalleolar ankle fracture (eg, lateral and medial malleoli, or lateral and posterior malleoli, or medial and posterior malleoli), includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27816 CPT Closed treatment of trimalleolar ankle fracture; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27818 CPT Closed treatment of trimalleolar ankle fracture; with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27822 CPT Open treatment of trimalleolar ankle fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed, medial and/or lateral malleolus; without fixation of posterior lipFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27823 CPT Open treatment of trimalleolar ankle fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed, medial and/or lateral malleolus; with fixation of posterior lipFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27824 CPT Closed treatment of fracture of weight bearing articular portion of distal tibia (eg, pilon or tibial plafond), with or without anesthesia; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27825 CPT Closed treatment of fracture of weight bearing articular portion of distal tibia (eg, pilon or tibial plafond), with or without anesthesia; with skeletal traction and/or requiring manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27826 CPT Open treatment of fracture of weight bearing articular surface/portion of distal tibia (eg, pilon or tibial plafond), with internal fixation, when performed; of fibula onlyFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27827 CPT Open treatment of fracture of weight bearing articular surface/portion of distal tibia (eg, pilon or tibial plafond), with internal fixation, when performed; of tibia onlyFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27828 CPT Open treatment of fracture of weight bearing articular surface/portion of distal tibia (eg, pilon or tibial plafond), with internal fixation, when performed; of both tibia and fibulaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27829 CPT Open treatment of distal tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis) disruption, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27830 CPT Closed treatment of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27831 CPT Closed treatment of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation; requiring anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27832 CPT Open treatment of proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation, includes internal fixation, when performed, or with excision of proximal fibulaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27840 CPT Closed treatment of ankle dislocation; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27842 CPT Closed treatment of ankle dislocation; requiring anesthesia, with or without percutaneous skeletal fixationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27846 CPT Open treatment of ankle dislocation, with or without percutaneous skeletal fixation; without repair or internal fixationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27848 CPT Open treatment of ankle dislocation, with or without percutaneous skeletal fixation; with repair or internal or external fixationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 27860 CPT Manipulation of ankle under general anesthesia (includes application of traction or other fixation apparatus)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28320 CPT Repair, nonunion or malunion; tarsal bonesFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28322 CPT Repair, nonunion or malunion; metatarsal, with or without bone graft (includes obtaining graft)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28400 CPT Closed treatment of calcaneal fracture; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28405 CPT Closed treatment of calcaneal fracture; with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28406 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of calcaneal fracture, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28415 CPT Open treatment of calcaneal fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed;Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28420 CPT Open treatment of calcaneal fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed; with primary iliac or other autogenous bone graft (includes obtaining graft)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28430 CPT Closed treatment of talus fracture; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28435 CPT Closed treatment of talus fracture; with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28436 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of talus fracture, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28445 CPT Open treatment of talus fracture, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28450 CPT Treatment of tarsal bone fracture (except talus and calcaneus); without manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28455 CPT Treatment of tarsal bone fracture (except talus and calcaneus); with manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28456 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of tarsal bone fracture (except talus and calcaneus), with manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28465 CPT Open treatment of tarsal bone fracture (except talus and calcaneus), includes internal fixation, when performed, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28470 CPT Closed treatment of metatarsal fracture; without manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28475 CPT Closed treatment of metatarsal fracture; with manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28476 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of metatarsal fracture, with manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28485 CPT Open treatment of metatarsal fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28490 CPT Closed treatment of fracture great toe, phalanx or phalanges; without manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28495 CPT Closed treatment of fracture great toe, phalanx or phalanges; with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28496 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of fracture great toe, phalanx or phalanges, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28505 CPT Open treatment of fracture, great toe, phalanx or phalanges, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28510 CPT Closed treatment of fracture, phalanx or phalanges, other than great toe; without manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28515 CPT Closed treatment of fracture, phalanx or phalanges, other than great toe; with manipulation, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28525 CPT Open treatment of fracture, phalanx or phalanges, other than great toe, includes internal fixation, when performed, eachFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28531 CPT Open treatment of sesamoid fracture, with or without internal fixationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28540 CPT Closed treatment of tarsal bone dislocation, other than talotarsal; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28545 CPT Closed treatment of tarsal bone dislocation, other than talotarsal; requiring anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28546 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of tarsal bone dislocation, other than talotarsal, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28555 CPT Open treatment of tarsal bone dislocation, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28570 CPT Closed treatment of talotarsal joint dislocation; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28575 CPT Closed treatment of talotarsal joint dislocation; requiring anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28576 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of talotarsal joint dislocation, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28585 CPT Open treatment of talotarsal joint dislocation, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28600 CPT Closed treatment of tarsometatarsal joint dislocation; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28605 CPT Closed treatment of tarsometatarsal joint dislocation; requiring anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28606 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of tarsometatarsal joint dislocation, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28615 CPT Open treatment of tarsometatarsal joint dislocation, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28630 CPT Closed treatment of metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28635 CPT Closed treatment of metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation; requiring anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28636 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28645 CPT Open treatment of metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28660 CPT Closed treatment of interphalangeal joint dislocation; without anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28665 CPT Closed treatment of interphalangeal joint dislocation; requiring anesthesiaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28666 CPT Percutaneous skeletal fixation of interphalangeal joint dislocation, with manipulationFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 28675 CPT Open treatment of interphalangeal joint dislocation, includes internal fixation, when performedFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 29855 CPT Arthroscopically aided treatment of tibial fracture, proximal (plateau); unicondylar, includes internal fixation, when performed (includes arthroscopy)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 29856 CPT Arthroscopically aided treatment of tibial fracture, proximal (plateau); bicondylar, includes internal fixation, when performed (includes arthroscopy)Fracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 7787 ICD_PR Other partial ostectomy, tibia and fibulaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 7817 ICD_PR Application of external fixator device, tibia and fibulaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 7857 ICD_PR Internal fixation of bone without fracture reduction, tibia and fibulaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 7906 ICD_PR Closed reduction of fracture without internal fixation, tibia and fibulaFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 7907 ICD_PR Closed reduction of fracture without internal fixation, tarsals and metatarsalsFracture/dislocation treatment lower leg/ankle/footPx ‐ ortho ‐ treat fx/disloc ‐ lower l 7936 ICD_PR Open reduction of fracture with internal fixation, tibia and fibula

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Beyond joint replacement

“Holy Grail”:  Bundling the 

diagnosis 

• Move beyond procedure‐based• Motivation for conservative treatment

• Facilitated by collaborative, cross‐

specialty care  e.g. Integrated Practice 

Units (IPUs) 

Bundle:  Osteoarthritis of the knee

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Bundles beyond joint replacement: Osteoarthritis of the KneeGroundwork for Knee OA:• Clinical Practice Guidelines 

(CPGs) developed for both 

surgical and non‐operative

•Systematic literature review to 

provide recommendations on 

treatment options, clarifying 

strength of data supporting 

recommendation

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Bundles beyond joint replacement: Osteoarthritis of the Knee

http://www.aaos.org/pmdevelopment/

Groundwork for Knee OA:Performance Measure development.  Critical 

foundation for:• Meaningful quality assessment• Meeting reporting requirements• Potential foundation for risk assessment 

•AAOS Steward for PQRS #109: 

Osteoarthritis: 

Function and Pain Assessment•Active measure development: Surgical 

Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee

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APMs Beyond Bundles: Perioperative Surgical Home

https://www.asahq.org/psh/portfoliooverview

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APMs Beyond Bundles: Perioperative Surgical Home

Model of Care Delivery:• Delivery of coordinated across multiple clinicians• Surgery, procedures• Complete cycle of care• Improved patient and caregiver experience and patient outcome

Model of Payment:• Coordination across clinicians• Shared risk• PTAC:  ASA, ACS• Surgical Home +  “SH+” modeled on CPC+

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APMs Beyond Bundles: ACOs

•What is the role for specialists? •How can sliver of shared savings motivate value‐based 

care?•Are ACOs working for primary care? Do we even

want 

to get involved?•Joining more than one?

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APMs without borders: Commercial Bundles•Being done in multiple markets, “one‐offs”•Often by Ortho groups with experience from BPCI models

Page 24: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

APMs without borders: Commercial Bundles Advantages of Commercial Bundles

• Physician owned (initiated) bundles

• Gainsharing flexibility• Enhanced control over

entire episode, across settings (clinic, inpt/outpt procedures, post-acute care)

• Scope of procedures/diagnoses

• Site of service for surgical procedures (ASCs)

•Prospective payment•Fewer inclusions / more exclusions

•Patient selection possible•Contacting with all parties required

•Intra-operative care redesign focus

•Flexibility with post-acute care spending (home health)

24

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APMs in Orthopaedics: Barriers from the Surgeon’s position

Page 26: Alexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. - Global Health CareAlexandra (Alexe) Page, M.D. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. Evolution of APMs in Orthopaedic Surgery. APMs & Ortho: In the

APMs in Orthopaedics: Barriers from the Surgeon’s position•Limited choices

•Essentially bundles for TJR•Very small percentage of Ortho Surgeons 

perform high enough percentage to 

meet aAPM requirements•Fracture bundle (SHFFT) even less 

concentration

•Infrastructure•Data:  

•From hospitals, CMS•Comprehensive, accurate  •Timely feedback

•Quality •Lack of measures•Challenges of measuring, reporting

•Accepting Risk•What does more than minimal risk 

look like?•Size to accept  forcing consolidation

•Risk Adjustment for comorbidities•Pressure to Cherry Pick/Lemon drop 

(CJR experience)

•Limited “low‐hanging fruit”•Implants, post‐acute care•Where to turn for future savings?•(BPCI experience)

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27

Bundles: the Bigger Picture

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28Bundles: the Bigger Picture

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HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS COMMITTEE

goa

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