gender and development framework sipu itp, 2011 anja taarup nordlund
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Gender and Development Framework
SIPU ITP, 2011Anja Taarup Nordlund
Why gender in development?
• Statistics: women and girls disadvantaged with less choices, resources and power than men and boys.
• Governments: agreed on gender equality and the empowerment of women.
• More and more research show that it pays of to be gender equal
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1960sWelfare perspective
1970’sBring the women into development!Mexico 75
1980sEfficiency argument
1990s-2000Gender analysisPower relationsEmpowermentMainstreamingBeijing 1995MDGs
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WID and GAD
• 70s• Practical needs• Does not question
inequities• Does not question
traditional roles of women.
• Women always beneficiaries
• Special projects
• 90s• Practical and strategic
gender needs.• Power relations: women
and men• Goal: Empowerment and
women’s autonomy• Transform society in
general• Women and men are
beneficiaries• Mainstreaming• Intersectionality
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Analytical concepts
1. Sex - quantitative (dissagregated statistics) 2. Gender – qualitative (norms, values, power)3. Division of labor and triple roles4. Practical and strategic needs and interests5. Access, control and benefit of resources6. Intersectionality
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3. Division of labor and different roles
Women, men, girls and boys have different roles and division of
labour
Vary according to context
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3. Productive work
• Production of goods and services.
• Generally perceived as men’s sphere.
• Women’s productive work is less visible and less valued than the productive work of men.
Kvinnoforum
3. Reproductive work• Care and maintenance
of the household and its’ members
• Generally perceived as women’s sphere and responsibility
• Generally not considered as “real” work, nor taken into account.
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3. Community work
• Organisation of collective events (political, social, religious)
• Generally not taken into account in economic analysis
• Women’s community work generally less valued.
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3. Women and men: Triple roles
• Women and men: three roles• Clear gender differences within each sphere• Men’s work may be women’s work in another
context. Context specific.
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4. Practical and strategic gender needs and interests
Practical needs• Immediate and related
to everyday problems• Response to these
needs do not necessarily change the position of the woman or the man
• Water, fuel, transport…
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4. Practical and strategic gender needs and interests
Strategic needs• Division of work, role
and power• Changes in gender
relations and questions the subordination of women.
• Legislation, political participation, economic empowerment…
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5. Resources
• Different types: Economic, productive, political, social, information, TIME
• Access to resources• Control over the resources,
decision- making• Benefit of the use of the
resources
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6. Interseccionality♀ ♂
AG E
CUL TURE
ETH NICITY
SOCIAL CLASS
DIS ABILITIES
SEX UALITY
OTH ER…
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Gender analysis
• Differences and relations (women, men, girls, boys)• Quantitative and qualitative information• Facts and analysis• Can and should be done at all levels:
– Micro to macro– Different phases of the program management cycle– All sectors
• According to sector and level – methods vary
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A gender analysis highlights the differences between women, men, girls and boys in
terms of their relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints and
power in a given context. Sida Gender Mainstreaming Manual 2008
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• http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/timeuse/Welcome.html
• http://www.un.org/womenwatch/topics/• http://www.siyanda.org/