THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

England plants colonies in North America

Sir Walter Raleigh Named the land in North America he claimed for England Virginia

For Queen Elizabeth-the �virgin queen�

Planted the first English Colony on Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina)

1585Roanoke Colony

�The Lost Colony�

Joint Stock Company originally funded and maintained English coloniesSeveral investors who pooled their wealth in support of a colony Business venture for profit

CHARTERan official permit to start a colony from the English monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits

COLONY # 1

VIRGINIA

FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT

Jamestown FOUNDED

1607LEADER

John Smith

Virginia Company Joint Stock Company that funded the settlement of JamestownCharter from King James I

Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king

John SmithBecame a leader of the Jamestown colony its first winter at age 28�If any would not work, neither should he eat.�Developed a relationship with the Powhatan tribe Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident

The Starving Time :1609-10

1609 – 600 new colonists 1610- only 60 survive Some accounts of cannibalism�sharp prick of hunger which no man can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.�- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY –governor of Jamestown

Pocohantas daughter of Chief Powhatan defends the life of John Smith marries John Rolfe

John RolfeCreated a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonists

Tobacco Economy required a labor force

HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (1618)INDENTURED SERVANTSSLAVERY (1619)

1619: The House of Burgesses An elected legislative bodyBurgess = a person invested with all the privileges of a citizenMale landowners over age 17 eligible to vote for representatives Any decision required the approval of the Virginia Company in London First seed of American democracy

COLONY # 2

MASSACHUSETTS

FIRST SETTLEMENTPlymouth

FOUNDED 1620

English Reformation16th century movement for religious reform Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope�s authority Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)

Puritans

A group in England who wanted to reform the Church of EnglandWanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicism

SeparatistsPuritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the Church of England from within and wanted to form their own separate congregations

PilgrimsSeparatists who fled England to escape persecution

HollandNorth America

Mayflower Compact 1620Considered the first written constitution in North America Radical idea

Government depends on the consent of the governed

SECOND SETTLEMENTBOSTON

FOUNDED 1630

LEADER JOHN WINTHROP

Massachusetts Bay CompanyJoint Stock company that funded the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Boston – capital city

Great Puritan Migration1629-1642 Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony

The �Elect�Predestination Some humans predestined by God for eternal bliss = �the elect�

God would reveal his selection to the �elect�Expected to lead sanctified lives

Colonial Governmentin the Massachusetts Bay Colony

General CourtLawmaking body which chose the colonial governor

FreemanOnly stockholders in MBC and �the elect� -all adult male members of the Puritan Church - could vote No separation of church and stateTheocracy

Laws based on the Puritan religion No tolerance for religious dissent

COLONY # 3

NEW HAMPSHIRE1623

NEW HAMPSHIREFIRST SETTLEMENT

ExeterFOUNDED

1623LEADER

John Wheelwright

COLONY # 4

CONNECTICUT1636

CONNECTICUTFIRST SETTLEMENT

Hartford FOUNDED

1636LEADER

Thomas Hooker

Fundamental Orders1639A constitution governing colonial Connecticut Establishing a democratic state controlled by �substantial� citizens

COLONY # 5

MARYLAND1632

MARYLANDFIRST SETTLEMENT

St. Mary�s FOUNDED

1632LEADER

George Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore

Lord BaltimoreCatholic EnglishmanFounded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace

Maryland Act of TolerationLandmark act passed by the Maryland assembly Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only for Christians )

Radical idea at this timeThe penalty for anyone who did not believe in Christ was to be hanged

No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc…

COLONY # 6

RHODE ISLAND1636

RHODE ISLANDFIRST SETTLEMENT

ProvidenceFOUNDED

1636LEADER

Roger Williams

Roger WilliamsPuritan who was tolerant of other religions

Did not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianity

Did not believe in a tax supported churchSupported separation of church and state

Indian land should be paid for Banished from MBC for his beliefs

Roger WilliamsStarted a colony called Providence which would become RIBought land from the Native Americans to start the colony

Narranganset Indians helped him when he was banished

Based on �freedom of conscience�Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews

Roger Williams" We may praise him .. for his defense of

religious liberty and the separation of church and state . He deserves the tribute … but it falls short of the man. His greatness was simpler. He dared to think. " - Edmund Morgan who wrote a book about Roger

Williams

Ann HutchinsonReligious dissenter (like Roger Williams) Put on trial for her beliefsBanished from the MBC Fled to RI and later to NY

Chronological OrderProtestant ReformationFounding of the Plymouth Colony The Great Puritan Migration Founding of Rhode Island

COLONY # 7

DELEWARE1638

DELEWAREFIRST SETTLEMENT

WilmingtonFOUNDED

1638LEADER

Peter Minuit

COLONY # 8

NORTH CAROLINA1663

NORTH CAROLINAFIRST SETTLEMENT

Albemarie County FOUNDED

1663LEADER

Group of eight proprietors

COLONY # 9

SOUTH CAROLINA1663

SOUTHCAROLINAFIRST SETTLEMENT

Charles Town (later Charleston)FOUNDED

1663LEADER

Group of eight proprietors

COLONY # 10

NEW YORK1664

NEW YORK FIRST SETTLEMENT

New York FOUNDED

1664LEADER

Peter Minuit

Henry Hudson Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest Passage Land in North America he claimed for Holland called New Netherlands

Dutch West India Company The business that owned most of Holland�s colonies

Fur trading More interested in its colonies in India

Peter StuyvesantDutch governor of New Netherlands

1664 –British take New Netherlands

from Holland without firing a shot Given to the Duke of York by the King of England (his brother)renamed it New York

Proprietor Owners of colonies who expected the people who lived on their land to pay them a tax called a �quit rent�.

COLONY # 11

NEW JERSEY1664

NEW JERSEY FIRST SETTLEMENT

East Jersey – CarteretWest Jersey – Salem

FOUNDED1664

LEADERLord Berkeley Sir Carteret

COLONY # 12

PENNSYLVANIA1681

PENNSYLVANIAFIRST SETTLEMENT

PhiladelphiaFOUNDED

1681LEADER

William Penn

William PennEnglish real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvaniaearly advocate of democracy and religious freedom

QuakersThe Society of Friends, or Quakers, began at the tail end of Europe’s Protestant Reformation in the 17th century. The missionary efforts of the earliest Friends took them to North America, where they became heavily involved in Pennsylvania politics before reversing their views on government participation in the mid-1750s. The Society became the first organization in history to ban slaveholding, and in the 1800s Quakers populated the abolitionist movement in numbers far exceeding their proportion of all Americans.

COLONY # 13

GEORGIA1732

GEORGIAFIRST SETTLEMENT

Savannah FOUNDED

1732LEADER

James Oglethorpe

James Ogelthorpe Wanted to create a colony where debtors could go instead of going to jail

Debtors ended up being only a small percentage of the actual settlers

The buffer colony from Spanish colonies south (Florida)From French claims west (Louisiana)