ColoniesDevelopin

g

Colonies and their development &

differences

Sir Walter Raleigh

• Roanoke• Fails in 1585, decides

to try again in ’87• Governor John White

leaves for 3 years• Returns to find no

one, but CROATOAN etched in a tree

• 3 possibilities: starved to death, killed or joined the Indians

Development of Virginia

• Use of joint-stock companies- VA Company

• Jamestown April 1607 – 1st permanent English settlement– Terrible start– Powhatan helps them (has his own

motives for helping the English)

Powhatan

• Worried when more and more English arrive in colony

• Sees this as a threat • Winter 1609-10 starves the colonists

out– Fall 500 colonists– Spring only 60 left

What becomes of the colony?

• English send more colonists

• Work- mandatory • Continue to fight

with the Natives– Capture daughter

of Powhatan

Economy develops

• VA survives as more colonists arrive• Tobacco 1st introduced 1580’s

– Francis Drake– Smoking frenzy– John Rolfe

• Develops tobacco in VA• $$$ for the VA company• “brown gold”

Effects of Tobacco

• Exhausts the soil- greater need to expand

• Need laborers– Head-right system

• Increases VA’s population

• Still need workers• Indentured servants• Will later lead to use

of slaves

Who were the Indentured Servants?

• ¾’s of the colonists in the Chesapeake• Majority:

– young– Unskilled – Males– Served for 2-7 years

• Others were skilled, women & children• Masters provided food, clothing and

lodging in exchange for service

• Treated like slaves (more $$)

• 2 out of 5 died in service

• if you survived, given goods for new life– Went west– Returned to

England

Trouble brewing

• Ex- indentured servants in the west (VA) in conflict with Indians

• Upset with colonial gov’t policies – High taxes– Want $$ used to fight Indians and

protect their land

• William Berkeley governor at the time

Bacon’s rebellion

• Fighting breaks out b/w colonists and local tribes (1670’s)

• Look to governor for $$– He refuses to support war

• Nathaniel Bacon 1676– FURIOUS– Turn fury towards the governor

Bacon

• With bands of ex-servants marches towards the coast & governor

• Berkeley flees• Band burns capital

city• Dies of dysentery

and rebellion ends

EFFECTS

• Growing differences between the poor and landed gentry (plantation folks)

• Gov’t starts to favor armed authorities in the west

• Planters worried about later attacks by Indentured servants– Slavery looks “nice”

Virginia’s government

• 1st controlled by the Virginia Company

• Indian wars devastated the Co. & England takes control– Royal colony in 1624– Leaders appointed by the King

• House of Burgesses– 1619– Representatives from the colony

House of Burgesses

North

• Puritans and the church of England– “purify”– 2 groups, Pilgrims (Plymouth Plantation

1620)

Plymouth Colony

• Pilgrims or Separatists• September 1620 Mayflower

– William Bradford– 102 people– Males start to disagree about

leadership• Mayflower Compact• 1st document of self-government in the

colonies

What happens to the colony?

• Roughly ½ die the 1st winter• Rescued by Natives

– Massasoit & Wampanoags– Teaches them to sow and cultivate seed

corn

• Never a $$$ success, but self- sufficient

Massasoit and his treaties with the Pilgrims

•Massachusetts Bay Colony –Puritans est. colony 1630- John Winthrop

–“city upon a hill”

Puritans & Government

• 1632 Governor Winthrop declares all male heads of the household to be “freemen” (governor had a council of advisors- freemen)

• 1634 freemen can select delegates to represent the towns (to write laws)

• Delegates eventually separate into 2 legislative houses

Church & State

• Still social divisions• Male Church members can vote-

help to decide on governor• Chosen “elect”• Sins/crimes: theft, drunkenness,

swearing, etc• Come as families and look out for the

community- differs from VA colony

Problems in New England

• Roger Williams– No claim to land– Can’t punish people

for their religious beliefs

• Upsets officials• Flees to

Narragansett Bay 1636 to set up new colony

• Separation of church & state!!!!

Anne Hutchinson

• Holy spirit comes to individuals

• Faith very personal- no need for ministers

• Banned in 1638- heads to RI

Relations with Native Americans

• Expansion= threat• Treaties signed• King Philip’s War

– Forced to follow Puritan rules– Upsets many

• Including the Wampanoag leader Metacom (King Philip)

King Philip/Metacom

• Organizes men• War Spring 1675-

attacks Puritans• Indians worn down

and leader killed• Long term effects:

– Native power in NE diminished

– 10% of military aged men killed

Middle Colonies

• Dutch and the Hudson River– New Netherland 1621– Fur trade– Open doors= diversity– Working relationship with the natives

• More interested in fur than land• Try to avoid fighting

Dutch & English

• Sandwiched b/w English colonies

• 1664 Duke of York drives the Dutch out

• Duke now the leader– New Jersey– Gains one of the

most diverse communities in America

Who are the Quakers?

• Believed in God’s inner light- no formal minister

• Simple lifestyle• pacifists

William Penn

• Wanted a religious haven • Society of Friends• King Charles II grants Penn a large

tract of land 1681– “holy experiment”– Religious freedoms, civil liberties &

suffrage– Wants representative gov’t– Wants peaceful relations with Natives

Est. of additional colonies• Lord Baltimore

granted land from King Charles I

• Son names colony Maryland after Charles’ wife Henrietta Maria

• Copies VA’s economy- tobacco

• LB = Catholic– Ensures religious

toleration

Carolinas

• 1633 land b/w Spanish Florida and VA becomes a colony

• Virginians move south

• Small farmers and tobacco planters

• 1670 Charles Town- sugar & slaves

Georgia- Home Sweet Home

• 1732 Oglethorpe and King George

• No slaves or rum• Colonists watch

as SC grow wealthy from plantations= ENVY