first aid chapter 1( part 1)

7/31/2019 First Aid Chapter 1( Part 1)

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FIRST AID CHAPTER 1( PART 1)

What Is FIRST AID ??


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WHAT IS FIRST AID ??

The FIRST assistance given to someonewho has been injured.

To cover an extremely varied range ofscenarious.


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THE GOAL OF FIRST AID

To keep the casualty alive

To stop the casualty getting worse

To promote the recovery To promote reassurance and confortable to

the casualty


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WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY?

D - Danger

R - Response

S - Shout

A - Airway

B - Breathing

C - Circulation


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DANGER

Keep yourself out of danger

Keep passer-by out of danger

Make safe any hazards without endangeringyourself and other

ONLY MOVE THE CASUALTY AWAYFROM DANGER IN EXTREMECIRCUMSTANCE.


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RESPONSE

Try to establish the responsiveness lever

If the casualty appear unconscious orsemi-conscious speak loudly to them.Etc.. Sir, can you hear me ?

If this fail to response , tap them firmly on theshoulder .

Check the responsiveness lever by AVPU.


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SHOUT!

If the step above fail.

Shout loudly to passers for help with thesituation.

Ask the passers for help to make a call to theemergency service. ( If there is not enoughfirst aider around )

Stay with the casualty until the trained aidsarrive


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AIRWAY

Check the mouth and remove any visibleobvious obstructions , such as food that areFORNT OF THE MOUTH ONLY.

Doing the head tilt chin lift to prevent theunconscious casualtys airway been block by

the tongue.


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BREATHING

Using the method of Look, Listen, Feel andCheck.

Look to see the chest is moving

Listen for breathing sound from the airway. Feel the air movement y placing your ear

close to their face.

If the life signal; is NEGATIVE ideally to callan ambulance and start the respirationprocedures.


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CIRCULATION

Check for coughing, breathing, or anymovement.

NEVER waste your time o find an pulseunless you are highly experience inmedicine.

If the life signal is negative start chest

compression (if you train to do so)


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CALLING FOR HELP !(VIA PHONE)

The emergency service is FREE for allkinds of phone.

INFORMATION FOR THEEMENGNCE SERVICE

Weather the casualtyis conscious by(DRSABC)

Your location ( a landmark more)

Your name

What is the problemand what timehappened

If is relevant , statethe no and about theage of casualty.

Report the hazards Wait for the

VITAL NUMBER

Some nationalemergency service no.

UK: 999 US:911 Australia:000 On mobile ,use

these no. or 112( please refer toyour network)


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MAKING YOUR ASSESSMENT

Once you have check DRABC and it isfunctioning, now you have more time toaddress the casualty specific problems.

They may simple and straight forward.

You may know what incident happened bylooking, feeling ,and questioning the casualty


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TAKING A HISTORYAsk their name. It

is very comfortingto be called by

name, and usefulto use if the

casualty starts tolose

consciousness.

Ask children theirage and if they areold enough to hold

information, askthem how you cancontact a parent or

career

What is the problem

? Let the casualty totalk for a while.As about somethingrelated to differencesystem of body tofind out what is

really happening

Ask about

known medicalproblem such asheart attack orstroke whichmay give youclue as what

has happenedthis time

Ask for informationabout any medication

they are currentlytaking and whether

they have any knownallergies

Ask they what theyate last , if they are

going to need anemergency

surgery, this is avery importancequestion, and it

may also be vitalsif they have a


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SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

Symptoms

-what can the casualty tell you about their injuries orillness?

Visual Sign-What can you see in relationship to the casualtycondition?

Other sign

-what can you feel ,smell ,hear in relation to thecasualty

Vital sign

-Sum up the casualty general information.


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EXAMINE THE CASUALTY BY HEAD TO TOE

CHECKING

Head

Neck

Chest Abdomen

Pelvis

Arms and Legs Lower back


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HEAD EXAMINATION

Check for swelling ,depression ,cuts andbleeding.

Check the mouth for object or fluids.

Smell the casualty mouth for alcohol

Check the size of pupil if you have been trainso.


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NECK

Make sure clothing is not thigh.

Check for medical ID tag.

Working very gentle ,feel along the back ofthe neck ,without moving the head forswelling and tenders.


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CHEST

Is the chest moving normally? Are there verytender place over the ribs? If there is objectstuck in the chest , leave it there. Feel the

collarbones for tenderness and swelling.


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ABDOMEN

Feel stomach gently for any large swelling ortender places. If the casualty is conscious,they will flinch, moan or cry out if you touch

an area is painful.


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LOWER BACK

If you suspect a spinal injuries, from thecircumference of the accident from thecasualty says, DO NOT TRY EXAMINE

CASUALTY BACK.


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PELVIS

Note any tender over the hips. Maintain avery light touch because a pelvis injuries canbe excruciatingly painful.


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ARMS AND LEGS

Look for injuries. Ask weather the casualtyfeel you touching their arm and legs. Askthem to grab your hand.


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Video here .


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ACCESS CAR

Early call forexpert help

Early CPR byfirst Aider

Helper

Earlydefibrillation

byparamedics

Earlyadvancedcardiac life

support.


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BASIC LIFE SUPPORT FOR UNRESPONSIVE

CASUALTY

Follow the step of DRABC .If the casualty Inot breathing for up to 10 sec, give tworescue breath.

Check for sign of circulation for up to 10 sec,then began with 30 compression.

Now give 2 rescue breath and 30

compression until the casualty waken or theparamedics arrive.


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WHAT TO DO IF THE CASUALTY WAKEN UP??

Turn the casualty into recovery position.

Video here.


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CHOKING

Clearing the airway

Conscious casualty:

1. Back slaps, if coughing alone will not shiftthe obstruction.

2. Abdominal thrusts.

For unconscious casualty:-Chest trust


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CHOKING


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TRANSPORTATION

Type of transportation to move the casualtyway from the danger.

-Dragging(for unconscious casualty)

-fore and aft method

-blanket lift


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DRAGGING METHOD


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FORE AND AFT METHOD


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BLANKET LIFT

1. With the casualty placed on their side, and theblanket edge roller up lengthways, position the rollagainst the casualtys bask.

2. Move the casualty over the rolled edge, on to their

other side. Make sure the casualty's head isn'tclosed to the edge.

3. Roll up the other long edge of the blanket. The twohelpers on their either side of the casualty grap the

roll firmly with both side.4. Slowly and carefully lift the casualty, with head and

neck supported. Helpers move in same direction.


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first aid chapter 1( part 1)

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