basic first aid training 1

8/3/2019 Basic First Aid Training 1

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Basic First Aid Training



Introduction Aim of training course -

Timings for course ;

Introduction

Period 1 -

Break

Period 2 -

Break

Conclusion



Key subjects to be cov ered 1. KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

2. ASSESSMENT OF LIFE THREAT ENING

SITUAT IONS

3. PRIORIT ISE T REATMENT OF CASUALT IES

4. BASIC AND ESSENT IAL T REATMENT OFINJURIES

5. SAFE EVACUAT ION OF CASUALT IES



Aims and objectiv esThe aim and objective of this course is that

the participants will be able to carry out

the following actions without supervision

Give basic life support

Assess life threatening situations

Prioritise casualties

Give basic and essential treatment of injuries

Safely evacuate casualties



1. KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

First aid is the treatment of the sick and injured beforeprofessional medical help can be given.

The aims of first aid are to prevent death or further injury,to counteract shock and to relieve pain.

Unconsciousness, severe bleeding or burns requireimmediate treatment.

Serious trauma is most likely from road traffic accidents,gunshots, stab wounds, fire, or blasts from bombs and landmines.



2. ASSESSMENT OF LIFE

THREAT ENING SITUAT IONS

Evaluate the three S´s: Safety Scene Situation

Safety ² evaluate all possible threats and ensurethat none still exist.

Scene ² evaluate the scene to determine whathappened.

Situation ² assess if you have to deal with severalcasualties



Practical assessment of situation



3. PRIORIT ISE T REATMENT OF

CASUALT IES

DANGER

CHECK FOR CONSCIOUSNESS

PRIORITY



4. BASIC AND ESSENT IAL

T REATMENT OF INJURIES

A ² Airway: Clear it if blocked

B ² Breathing: Mouth to mouth resuscitation if victim notbreathing

C ² Circulation: Stop bleeding by applying direct pressure,prevent shock, CPR

Burns Fractures



A - Airway

Check for breathing: put your face close to the casualty·smouth, and look, listen and feel for breathing:

Look for chest movements. Listen for sounds of breathing. Feel for breath on your cheek.

How to open the airway:

Non trauma patients: Chin liftTrauma patients: Jaw thrust maneuver



Chin lift and Jaw thrust



The recov ery position

Unconscious casualties

should be placed in therecovery position toprevent the tongueblocking the throatand allows liquid todrain from the mouth.

This is best learned through practicalexercises.



B - breathingArtificial breathing:

Raise the chin slightly,pinch the nose and give 2quick breaths (1-5seconds/breath) in to thecasualty´s mouth.

Evaluate effect by look,

listen and feel.



C - circulationBleeding is classified according to the type of blood

vessel that is damaged: artery or vein.

Arterial bleeding: Spurting of bright red blood(richly oxygenated) under pressure

Venous bleeding: Slow, steady bleeding at lowpressure, dark red blood (poorly oxygenated)



Sev ere external bleedingThe rapid loss can lead to shock or death in a very

short period of time so it must be controlledspeedily!

Bleeding at the face and neck may obstruct theairway.Remember that shock may well develop and the

casualty may loose consciousness.

Your aims are: to control the bleeding to prevent shock



Control of bleeding



Treatment of bleeding Remove or cut clothing Apply direct pressure over the wound

If the wounding body (i.e. knife or bullet ) is stillincarcerated in the wound, do not extract it Raise and support an injured limb Apply a clean pad or sterile dressing, bandage it

in place firmly Secure and support the injured part Look for help and check periodically the

circulation



Casualty treatment

It may help to lay thecasualty down. This

will reduce bloodflow to the site ofinjury, andminimize shock.



Chest injuries and abdominal injuriesChest injuries: Clear airway if obstructed Seal open sucking wounds with hand or other airtight material

DO NOT try to remove any objects that might be sticking out of the wound

Abdominal injuries: Cover wound with dressings

Lay patient on back, with knees up and head and shoulders raised

DO NOT remove debris from the woundDO NOT push in protruding intestinesDO NOT give food, drink or painkillers



Checking of pulseThe preferred method to

detect the pulse of acasualty, is on the neck.

1. Feel for the Adam·s apple with twofingers; slide your fingers backtowards you into the gap betweenthe Adam·s apple and the strapmuscle, and feel for the carotidpulse.

2. Feel for ten seconds beforedeciding that the pulse is absent.

3. If it is, proceed with C.P.R



CPRCARDIO PULMONAR Y RESCUSITAT ION ² CPR

If pulse is present and breathing not activ e,administer ventilations for one minute (tenventilations), before checking again the carotidpulse.

If pulse is absent, proceed CPR (15/2

compressions/ventilations) - no stop. If pulse is present check for breathing, ensure

free airway.



CPR technique (1 or 2 First-Aiders)

1. Identify the correct positionfor the hands ² follow from thelevel of the lowest rib, measureupwards a distance of 2 fingersalong the chest bone. Place theball of the hand on this postionand add the other hand on top.

2. Give 15 chest compressions.Return to the head and give 2ventilations, then 15 further

compressionsIf there are two first-aiders; the

one giving chest compressionsshould set the rythm bycounting out loud the pace.



Correct CPR position



ShockClinical shock occurs when there is reduced blood circulating through

the body.The main cause of shock is substantial loss of blood, which results in

an inadequate supply of oxygen to the body tissues.

A person suffering from shock needs immediate attention!

Recognition: there may be pallor, cold and clammy skin, rapid and weakpulse, pain, thirst, confusion, restlessness and irritability -possibly leading to collapse and unconsciousness.

Place the casualty in a semi-prone position with the legs elevated Ensure free airway Keep the casualty warm Act calmly and reassuringly Do not give anything to drink



BurnsThe main causes of burns are:

Fire, dry heat, corrosive substances and friction Wet heat, hot liquids and vapors

1. Extinguish the burn with large amount of liquid,10 minutes or more.

2. Check airway, breathing, pulse. Be prepared to resuscitate.3. Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes, or smoldering

clothing

4. Cover the injury with a sterile burns sheet or other suitablematerial. Use a clean plastic bag for a burned hand or foot.

Do not drain any blister!



Upper limb fracturesSupport the arm against the trunk with a sling and, if

necessary, bandaging.

In case of fractured collar bone, dislocated shoulder, severeshoulder sprain, fractured upper arm, injuries around theelbow, and to the forearm and wrist proceed as follows:

Sit the casualty down; gently steady and support the injuredsite across the chest

Ask him/her to support the arm Support the arm in a sling and secure the limb to the

casualty·s chest Transport the casualty in a sitting position



Stabilization of upper limb fractures



Lower limb fractures

Injuries to the hip, thigh or lower leg:

Lay the casualty gently down: ask another helper to steadyand support the injured limbs

Immobilize the limb by splinting it to the uninjured limbGently bring the casualty·s sound limb alongside the injured

one



Stabilization of lower limb fractures



5. SAFE EVACUAT ION OF THE

CASUALTY FROM DANGER AREA

Remember! Nev er mov e a casualty with suspected spinalinjury unless assisted by medical personnel.

Exceptions: Life-threatening situation At a mass-casualty incident If the original position of the casualty prevents you from

establishing and ensuring a free airway

Proceed with extreme caution if you suspect a neck or spinalinjury!



Human crutch



Dragging method



Any questions ?

basic first aid training 1

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