58277058 basic first aid training 1

8/2/2019 58277058 Basic First Aid Training 1

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Basic First Aid Training

FPDOINDUSTRIAL

OPERATIONS


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Introduction Aim of training course -

Timings for course ;

Introduction

Period 1 -

Break

Period 2 -

Break

Conclusion


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Key subjects to be covered 1. KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

2. ASSESSMENT OF LIFE THREATENINGSITUATIONS

3. PRIORITISE TREATMENT OF CASUALTIES

4. BASIC AND ESSENTIAL TREATMENT OFINJURIES

5. SAFE EVACUATION OF CASUALTIES


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Aims and objectivesThe aim and objective of this course is that

the participants will be able to carry out

the following actions without supervision

Give basic life support

Assess life threatening situations

Prioritise casualties

Give basic and essential treatment of injuries

Safely evacuate casualties


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1. KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

First aid is the treatment of the sick and injured beforeprofessional medical help can be given.

The aims of first aid are to prevent death or further injury,to counteract shock and to relieve pain.

Unconsciousness, severe bleeding or burns requireimmediatetreatment.

Serious trauma is most likely from road traffic accidents,gunshots, stab wounds, fire, or blasts from bombs and landmines.


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2. ASSESSMENT OF LIFE

THREATENING SITUATIONS

Evaluate the three Ss: Safety SceneSituation

Safety evaluate all possible threats and ensurethat none still exist.

Scene evaluate the scene to determine whathappened.

Situation assess if you have to deal with severalcasualties


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Practical assessment of situation


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3. PRIORITISE TREATMENT OF

CASUALTIES

DANGER

CHECK FOR CONSCIOUSNESS

PRIORITY


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4. BASIC AND ESSENTIAL

TREATMENT OF INJURIES

A Airway: Clear it if blocked

B Breathing: Mouth to mouth resuscitation if victim not

breathing

C Circulation: Stop bleeding by applying direct pressure,prevent shock, CPR

Burns Fractures


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A -Airway

Check for breathing:put your face close to the casualtysmouth, and look, listen and feel for breathing:

Look for chest movements. Listen for sounds of breathing. Feel for breath on your cheek.

How to open the airway:

Non trauma patients: Chin liftTrauma patients: Jaw thrust maneuver


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Chin lift and Jaw thrust


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The recovery position

Unconscious casualties

should be placed in therecovery position toprevent the tongueblocking the throatand allows liquid to

drain from the mouth.

This is best learned through practicalexercises.


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B- breathing

Artificial breathing:

Raise the chin slightly,pinch the nose and give 2

quick breaths (1-5seconds/breath) in to thecasualtys mouth.

Evaluate effect by look,

listen and feel.


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C- circulation

Bleeding is classified according to the type of bloodvessel that is damaged: artery or vein.

Arterial bleeding: Spurting of bright red blood(richly oxygenated) under pressure

Venous bleeding: Slow, steady bleeding at lowpressure, dark red blood (poorly oxygenated)


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Severe external bleedingThe rapid loss can lead to shock or death in a very

short period of time so it must be controlledspeedily!

Bleeding at the face and neck may obstruct theairway.Remember that shock may well develop and the

casualty may loose consciousness.

Your aims are: to control the bleeding to prevent shock


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Control of bleeding


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Treatment of bleeding Remove or cut clothing Apply direct pressure over the wound If the wounding body (i.e. knife or bullet ) is still

incarcerated in the wound, do not extract it Raise and support an injured limb Apply a clean pad or sterile dressing, bandage it

in place firmly Secure and support the injured part Look for help and check periodically the

circulation


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Casualty treatmentIt may help to lay the

casualty down. This

will reduce bloodflow to the site ofinjury, andminimize shock.


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Chest injuries and abdominal injuriesChest injuries: Clear airway if obstructed Seal open sucking wounds with hand or other airtight material

DO NOT try to remove any objects that might be sticking out of the wound

Abdominal injuries: Cover wound with dressings Lay patient on back, with knees up and head and shoulders raised

DO NOT remove debris from the woundDO NOT push in protruding intestinesDO NOT give food, drink or painkillers


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Checking of pulseThe preferred method to

detect the pulse of acasualty, is on the neck.

1. Feel for the Adams apple with twofingers; slide your fingers backtowards you into the gap betweenthe Adams apple and the strapmuscle, and feel for the carotidpulse.

2. Feel for ten seconds beforedeciding that the pulse is absent.

3. If it is, proceed with C.P.R


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CPRCARDIO PULMONARY RESCUSITATION CPR

If pulse is present and breathing not active,administer ventilations for one minute (tenventilations), before checking again the carotidpulse.

If pulse is absent, proceed CPR (15/2

compressions/ventilations) - no stop. If pulse is present check for breathing, ensure

free airway.


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CPR technique (1 or 2 First-Aiders)1. Identify the correct position

for the hands follow from thelevel of the lowest rib, measureupwards a distance of 2 fingers

along the chest bone. Place theball of the hand on this postionand add the other hand on top.

2. Give 15 chest compressions.Return to the head and give 2ventilations, then 15 furthercompressions

If there are two first-aiders; theone giving chest compressionsshould set the rythm bycounting out loudthe pace.


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Correct CPR position


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Shock

Clinical shock occurs when there is reduced blood circulating throughthe body.

The main cause of shock is substantial loss of blood, which results inan inadequate supply of oxygen to the body tissues.

A person suffering from shock needs immediate attention!

Recognition: there may be pallor, cold and clammy skin, rapid and weakpulse, pain, thirst, confusion, restlessness and irritability -possibly leading to collapse and unconsciousness.

Place the casualty in a semi-prone position with the legs elevated Ensure free airway Keep the casualty warm Act calmly and reassuringly Do not give anything to drink


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Burns

The main causes of burns are:

Fire, dry heat, corrosive substances and friction Wet heat, hot liquids and vapors

1. Extinguish the burn with large amount of liquid,10 minutes or more.

2. Check airway, breathing, pulse. Be prepared to resuscitate.3. Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes, or smoldering

clothing

4. Cover the injury with a sterile burns sheet or other suitablematerial. Use a clean plastic bag for a burned hand or foot.

Do not drain any blister!


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Fractures

Fracture recognition:

Difficulty in moving a limb Pain at or near the site of injury Local distortion, swelling and bruising

Shortening, bending, or twisting of the limb Signs of shock

Closed fracture treatment:

Do not move the casualty until the injured part is secured and supported Support the injured part Immobilize joints above and below a fracture site with a splint

Open fracture treatment:

Cover the wound and apply pressure to control the bleeding If bone is protruding, build up pads of soft, non fluffy material around the bone

Do not press down directly on a protruding bone end Immobilize as for a closed fracture, elevate the injured part

Check the circulation beyond the bandaging every 10 minutes


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Upper limb fractures

Support the arm against the trunk with a sling and, ifnecessary, bandaging.

In case of fractured collar bone, dislocated shoulder, severe

shoulder sprain, fractured upper arm, injuries around theelbow, and to the forearm and wrist proceed as follows:

Sit the casualty down; gently steady and support the injuredsite across the chest

Ask him/her to support the arm Support the arm in a sling and secure the limb to the

casualtys chest Transport the casualty in a sitting position


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Stabilization of upper limb fractures


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Lower limb fractures

Injuries to the hip, thigh or lower leg:

Lay the casualty gently down: ask another helper to steadyand support the injured limbs

Immobilize the limb by splinting it to the uninjured limbGently bring the casualtys sound limb alongside the injured

one


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Stabilization of lower limb fractures


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5. SAFE EVACUATION OF THE

CASUALTY FROM DANGER AREARemember! Never move a casualty with suspected spinal

injury unless assisted by medical personnel.

Exceptions: Life-threatening situation At a mass-casualty incident If the original position of the casualty prevents you from

establishing and ensuring a free airway

Proceed with extreme caution if you suspect a neck or spinalinjury!


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Human crutch


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Dragging method


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Concluding remarks


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Any questions ?

58277058 basic first aid training 1

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