Basic First AidBasic First AidBasic First AidBasic First AidBasic First AidBasic First AidBasic First AidBasic First Aid

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Securing the sceneSecuring the sceneSecuring the sceneSecuring the sceneSecuring the sceneSecuring the sceneSecuring the sceneSecuring the scene

• 1. Electrical hazards

• 2. Chemical hazards

Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid, Before performing any First Aid,

Check for:Check for:Check for:Check for:Check for:Check for:Check for:Check for:

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• 2. Chemical hazards

• 3. Noxious & Toxic gases

• 4. Ground hazards

• 5. Fire

• 6. Unstable equipment

Chain of SurvivalIn order for a person to survive:

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Early

Access”112”

Early CPR

or First Aid

You

Early

Defibrillation

EMS on

scene

Early

Advanced

Care

Hospital

ABC’sABC’sABC’sABC’sABC’sABC’sABC’sABC’s• Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest

Electrical

Drowning

Toxic -

Noxious

gases

Suffocation

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Heart Attack Trauma

Drugs Allergic reactions

Reaction TimeReaction TimeReaction TimeReaction TimeReaction TimeReaction TimeReaction TimeReaction Time• If CPR/Artificial respiration is administered

• Chance of brain damage

0 to 4 minutes -4 to 6 minutes -6 to 10 minutes-10 minutes + -

Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain

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10 minutes + -

Recovery rate of Recovery rate of

victim if has victim if has

artificial artificial

respiration done respiration done

immediatelyimmediately

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• Use chin lift/head tilt

Look.-listen-feel for breathing

• Establish responsiveness

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Attempt to Ventilate

Check pulse Recovery position

Cardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary ResuscitationCardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

• Should be trained to perform this procedure

• If done improperly, could harm victim

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• Courses available everywhere

• New in Late 2006

– 30 Compressions to 2 Breaths

– For Everyone!

Airway ObstructionsAirway Obstructions

openopenopenopen

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closedclosedclosedclosed

obstructedobstructedobstructedobstructed

Tongue

Heimlich ManeuverHeimlich ManeuverHeimlich ManeuverHeimlich ManeuverHeimlich ManeuverHeimlich ManeuverHeimlich ManeuverHeimlich Maneuverfor for for for for for for for

Conscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway ObstructionConscious Airway Obstruction

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Types of BleedingTypes of BleedingTypes of BleedingTypes of BleedingTypes of BleedingTypes of BleedingTypes of BleedingTypes of Bleeding

•Veins

Spurting (“a chorros”)

Steady flow (“flujo

constante”)

Artery

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•Veins

•Capillary Oozing (“suave”)

Internal Injuries

Types of WoundsTypes of WoundsTypes of WoundsTypes of WoundsTypes of WoundsTypes of WoundsTypes of WoundsTypes of Wounds

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Control of BleedingControl of BleedingControl of BleedingControl of BleedingControl of BleedingControl of BleedingControl of BleedingControl of BleedingDirect Pressure

Elevation

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Cold Applications

Pressure bandage

TourniquetTourniquetTourniquetTourniquetTourniquetTourniquetTourniquetTourniquetAbsolute last resort in

controlling bleeding

Remember - Life or limb

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Once a tourniquet is Once a tourniquet is Once a tourniquet is Once a tourniquet is

applied, it is not to be applied, it is not to be applied, it is not to be applied, it is not to be

removed , only by a removed , only by a removed , only by a removed , only by a

doctordoctordoctordoctor

Diabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergenciesDiabetic emergencies

Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)

Result of insufficient sugar- Fast onset

•Cold clammy skin, pale, rapid respiration's and pu lse, incoherent

Find out if victim has past diabetic historyFind out if victim has past diabetic history

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•Treat by giving sugar bases products

Diabetic coma (Ketoacidosis)

Too much sugar or insufficient insulin- Slow onset

•Warm, dry skin, slow respirations, smell of rotten fruit on breath

•True medical emergency, activate EMS system immediately

BurnsBurnsBurnsBurnsBurnsBurnsBurnsBurnsCool application Don’t break

blisters

Dry sterile dressing, treat for

shock

RAPID TRANSPORT!!!

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Minor Burns and ScaldsTreatment:

•Place the injured part under slowly running water, or soak in cold water for 10 minutes or as long as pain persists.

•Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, and shoes from the injured area before it starts to swell.

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swell.

•Dress with clean, sterile, non fluffy material.

•Don't use adhesive dressings.

•Don't apply lotions, ointments or fat to burn/ scald.

•Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere.

•If in doubt, seek medical aid.

Fractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsFractures & DislocationsMust treat for bleeding first

Don’t straighten break

Treat the way you found it

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Do not push

bones back

into place

IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from movi ng.1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from movi ng.2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow 2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow bloodflowbloodflow to the areato the area

The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow, The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow, finger, or thumb.finger, or thumb.

DislocationsDislocationsDislocationsDislocationsDislocationsDislocationsDislocationsDislocations

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2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow 2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow bloodflowbloodflow to the areato the area3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone se t back 3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone se t back into its socket.into its socket.