1

JuJuna feiqriSvili

fiqrebi

mixeil TamaraSvilze

gamomcemloba `universali~

Tbilisi 2012

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eZRvneba mixeil TamaraSvilis

gardacvalebis 100 wlisTavs.

© J. feiqriSvili, 2012 gamomcemloba `universali~, 2012 Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, �: 222 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30

E-mail: universal@internet.ge ISBN 978-9941-17-543-5

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`salami Senda, samSoblo mxarev,

salami Senda, kavkasiono;

Senc, alazano, cremlTa mdinarev,

da Senc, kolxeTis celqo riono!

ucxoeTidan salams gigzavni,

salams mziurs da arwivis frTians,

Senis ocnebiT viqarwyleb varams

da Tavs gevlebi, buneba RvTians.

Tu veRar gnaxe, turfa edemo,

da ucxo cis qveS aRmomxda suli,

Sen damitire, sicocxlev Cemo,

Sen miisvene Seni erTguli!~

mixeil TamaraSvili

4

mix. TamaraSvilis memorialuri dafa

santa marinelaSi

`abati miqel Tamarati (TamaraSvili)

dasaxrCobad ganwiruli adamianis gadarCenisas

TviTon daiRupa santa marinelas wlebSi 1911

wlis 16 seqtembers. saukuno iqneba xsovna misi

tragikuli gmirobisa, xsovna misi sikeTisa da

siyvarulisa megobrebis mimarT, siyvarulisa

Soreuli samSoblos mimarT, rac mis wminda wig-

nebSi aisaxa. samSoblodan ltolvili, romSi da-

saxlebuli, igi iyo rwmenis sanimuSo msaxuri da

misi mgznebare mociquli~.

5

mixeil TamaraSvilis dakrZalva

1978 wlis 26 noemberi

didubis panTeoni, 1978 wlis 26 noemberi

6

didubis panTeoni. 2011 weli

7

w i n aTq m a

1960-1965 wlebSi vswavlobdi quTaisis

pedagogiur institutSi istoria-filolo-

giis fakultetze. meore kursze Sua saukune-

ebis istorias gvikiTxavda asakovani leqto-

ri — docenti S a l v a a b r a m i Z e . pirvel

leqciaze, roca man JurnalSi Cemi gvari amo-

ikiTxa, mkiTxa: “sadauri feiqriSvili xarT?

quTaisel feiqriSvilebs Tu icnobT?” me vu-

pasuxe: “quTaisSi feiqriSvils aravis vicnob,

Cemi mSoblebi samxreT saqarTvelodan ime-

reTSi Camosaxlebuli kaTolike mesxebi ari-

an. amJamad vcxovrobT wulukiZis (axl. xonis)

raionis sofel axalSenSi”. batonma Salvam

momismina da Semdeg Tqva: “Cemi nacnobi quTa-

iseli feiqriSvilebic kaTolikeebi arian.

swored mesxeTidan, axalcixidan, iyo warmo-

SobiT qarTveli kaTolike mRvdeli mixeil

TamaraSvili — cnobili mecnieri, Cinebuli

istorikosi”.

im dros religiaze TiTqmis aravin sa-

ubrobda, amitom mec Cems kaTolikobaze

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ar gamimaxvi-

lebia, samagierod, pirvelad gavigone Ta-

maraSvilis gvari. . . samwuxarod, studen-

tobis wlebSic TiTqmis araferi msmenia mis

Sesaxeb, radgan qveyanaSi arsebuli politi-

kuri viTarebis gamo (sabWoTa xelisufle-

bis pirobebSi) sasuliero pirTa xsenebac ki

ar iyo advili, miT umetes, ucxoeTSi

mcxovrebi kaTolike mRvdlis mecnierul

memkvidreobaze studentur auditoriaSi,

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cxadia, sajarod ver isaubrebdnen, Tumca

Cemi leqtoris sityvebi TamaraSvilTan da-

kavSirebiT yovelTvis maxsovda da misi “ax-

lo gacnobis” survili SemdgomSic xSir-

xSirad Semaxsenebda Tavs.

marTalia, studentobis Semdeg, Cemi

specialobidan gamomdinare, ZiriTadad

enaTmecnieruli sakiTxebis kvleviT viyavi

dakavebuli, magram, ramdenadac xeli mimiw-

vdeboda, mix. TamaraSvilis Sesaxeb TiTo-

orola zogad informacias mainc vkrebdi...

roca ucxoeTSi daRupuli saxelgan-

Tqmuli qarTveli mecnieris mix. TamaraSvi-

lis neSti 1978 wels italiidan gadmoasve-

nes da didi pativiT miabares mSobliur mi-

was, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom TamaraSvili meo-

red daibada qarTveli xalxisaTvis. maSin-

deli presa farTod aSuqebda saamayo Svi-

lis Rvawls, misi naSromebis fasdaudebel

mniSvnelobas istoriografiaSi. . .

amis Semdeg SedarebiT advili gaxda mix.

TamaraSvilis Sesaxeb arsebuli literatu-

ris gacnoba. am mxriv CemTvis metad faseuli

da saintereso aRmoCnda zaqaria WiWinaZis,

SoTa lomsaZisa da sxvaTa naSromebi (gasaT-

valiswinebelia, rom imxanad mix. TamaraSvi-

lis wignebi bibliografiul iSviaTobas

warmoadgenda da farTo mkiTxvelisaTvis

TiTqmis miuwvdomeli iyo). am da sxva wyaro-

ebze dayrdnobiT pirvelad gazeT “quTais-

Si” (1990, 27/VII) davbeWde statia saTauriT

“gansadideblad qarTulisa”, sadac mokled

iyo mimoxiluli ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTve-

li emigrantebis — mixeil TamaraSvilis,

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mixeil TarxniSvilisa da Salva beriZis

qarTvelologiuri saqmianoba, maTi mecnie-

ruli memkvidreoba. cota mogvianebiT Tama-

raSvilTan dakavSirebuli informaciuli

xasiaTis werili daibeWda gazeT “saqarTve-

los kaTolikeSi” (1994, #6) da agreTve Cems

wignSi “qarTvelologiuri kvleva ucxo-

eTSi” (Tb., 1996). am saxelganTqmul mecnier-

Tan mas Semdeg xSirad mixdeboda “Sexvedra”

arapirdapiri gziT — ama Tu im (istoriul-

literaturuli) sakiTxebis kvlevisas Tama-

raSvilis naSromebsac vimowmebdi.

... pirvelad rom wavikiTxe TamaraSvilis

wignebi (“istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa

Soris”, “pasuxad somxis mwerlebs”, “qarTuli

eklesia dasabamidan dRemde”), marTlac sao-

cari STabeWdilebis qveS aRmovCndi: CemSi

erTdroulad gacnobierda, erTi mxriv, wig-

nebSi piruTvnelad warmoCenili istoriuli

sinamdvile, imxanad qarTvelTaTvis sruli-

ad ucnobi, metismetad faseuli wyaroebi (ma-

salebi) da, meore mxriv, am wignebis striqo-

nebSi davanebuli avtoris suli — pirovneba

rkiniseburi nebisyofiT, gasaocari Sromis-

moyvareobiT, sasiqadulo eriskacobiTa da

sanimuSo keTilSobilebiT.

mix. TamaraSvilis uxv WirnaxulTan yo-

veli Sexvedra mxolod mSral istoriul

faqtebs rodi acnobs mkiTxvels; igi imav-

droulad TiToeul maTgans awvdis sulier

sazrdos da madlierebis niSnad aZlierebs

mokrZaleba-pativiscemas avtorisadmi. da

es imitom, rom TamaraSvili ar gaxldaT ub-

ralo — rigiTi istorikosi; piriqiT, masze

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Zalumad iyo gadmosuli RvTiuri madli,

rac warmarTavda (gezs aZlevda) mTel mis

cxovreba-saqmianobas.

. . .

ukve naxevari saukunea gasuli mas Sem-

deg, rac “gavicani” mix. TamaraSvili, rome-

lic CemSi yovelTvis iwvevda gansakuTre-

bul interess ara mxolod Tavisi suliere-

biT, RvTismosaobiT, aramed rogorc misa-

baZi mecnier-mkvlevari uaRresi pasuxis-

mgeblobiT, saqmisadmi keTilsindisieri

damokidebulebiTa da, rac mTavaria, isto-

riuli faqtebis zedmiwevniTi sizustiT

(miudgomlad) aRqma-gaazrebis Tvalsazri-

siT... gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

mix. TamaraSvilis wignebi saukeTeso nimu-

Sia imisa, Tu rogor unda iwerebodes samec-

niero naSromi. misgan am mxrivac bevri ra-

mis swavla SeuZlia wignier mkiTxvels, xo-

lo igi, rogorc pirovneba, Cven winaSe war-

mosdgeba, viTarca znekeTili moZRvari am

sityvis pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvne-

lobiTac. Cven, yvelani, valSi varT misi

xsovnis winaSe da es vali gadaecema Semdgom

Taobebsac, romlebic kvlavac interesiT

gaecnobian mis naRvaws da madlierebiT mo-

ixsenieben saxelovan Tanamemamules.

swored madlierebisa da pativgebis

niSnad amJamad, roca qarTveli xalxi far-

Tod aRniSnavs mix. TamaraSvilis gardacva-

lebis 100 wlisTavs, Cveni mokrZalebuli

survilia mkiTxvels gavuziaroT f i q r e -

b i , S T a b e W d i l e b a n i am sasiqadulo

eriskacze — istorikossa da pirovnebaze.

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* * *

naTqvamia, yoveli kacis bediswera ca-

Sia gadawyvetilio, Tumca imasac amboben,

rom kaci mainc Tavad qmnis Tavis momaval-

so. asea Tu ise, roca mix. TamaraSvilis

moRvaweobas safuZvlianad gaecnobi, Tava-

dac irwmuneb, rom marTlac uflis nebiT

iyo gansazRvruli da Tanac dalocvili Ta-

maraSvilis cxovrebis gza dabadebidan si-

cocxlis dasalieramde!...

1858 wels axalcixeSi, wvrili xelos-

nis kaTolike petre TamaraSvilis mraval-

sulian (aTi Svili hyavdaT) ojaxSi, mecxre

Svilad dabadebuli mixeili (bavSvobaSi —

aleqsandre) ufalma imTaviTve gamoarCia:

mamas ufrosi vaJebisaTvis xeloba uswavle-

bia, mixeili ki, rogorc yvelaze ufro go-

nebamaxvili bavSvi, saswavleblad miubare-

bia ioane naTlismcemlis eklesiis samrev-

lo skolaSi ganTqmuli mRvdlisa da sazo-

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gado moRvawis — “vinme mesxis” saxeliT

cnobili i v a n e g v a r a m a Z i s a T v i s .

rogorc igoneben, iq mixeilma moZRvri-

sagan marto wera-kiTxva ki ar iswavla, ara-

med “RrubelsaviT Seisva mamulis siyvaru-

li da misTvis Tavdadebis aucilebloba”.

ivane gvaramaZem Tavidanve SeniSna Turme

niWier Segirds gansxvavebuli azrovneba,

miswrafebani da “amitom sagangebo wvrTna

dauwyo mas, viTarca didi saqmisaTvis mov-

lenil kacsa”.

niWier, bejiTsa da sulieri TvisebebiT

gamorCeul mixeils maswavleblebi did mo-

mavals uwinaswarmetyvelebdnen, magram be-

disweram ymawvilis ocnebebs amjerad cota

xniT Seakveca frTebi, cxovrebam TiTqos

erTgvari gamocda mouwyo nebisyofis gasa-

kaJeblad da Sromismoyvareobis gasaZlie-

reblad: mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg ojaxs

ekonomiurad Zalian gauWirda; 14 wlis mi-

xeili skolidan gamovida, erT xarazTan

fexsacmlis kerva iswavla da ZmasTan erTad

daiwyo mewaRed muSaoba jer quTaisSi, Sem-

deg _ xaSurSi. saxelosnom sargebeli ver

moutana Zmebs, romlebic bolos isev mSob-

liur axalcixes daubrundnen.

marTalia, am wlebSic mixeili, rogorc

ki mcire Tavisufal dros gamonaxavda, mi-

dioda kaTolikur eklesiaSi, Zveli wigne-

bisa da asomTavrul-nusxuriT dawerili

xelnawerebis kiTxvaSi iwafeboda, bibliis

uZvelesi fragmentebis garCevas cdilob-

da, magram es yvelaferi mainc ar akmayofi-

lebda, misi mowodeba sxva iyo, ufali mas

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sxva saqmisaTvis amzadebda. da ai, kidec

dadga es Jami: 1878 wels 20 wlis mixeili, mi-

uxedavad ojaxis usaxsrobisa, iv. gvarama-

Zis daJinebuli rCeviT, locva-kurTxeviT,

misive mcire finansuri SesawevariTa da

petre xarisWiraSvilTan gatanebuli weri-

liT gaemarTa stambolisaken. igi Caricxes

konstantinopolis qarTvel kaTolikeTa

monasterTan arsebul saswavlebelSi. iq-

ve aRikveca berad. amieridan mixeilisaTvis

daiwyo axali da saintereso cxovreba, Tum-

ca male cxadi gaxda, rom Teologiis garda

Wabuks daJinebiT ixmobdnen istoriuli xa-

siaTis wignebi, Zveli xelnawerebi. . .

sami wlis Semdeg feriqoes qarTvel ka-

TolikeTa Zmobam mixeili swavlis gasagrZe-

leblad gagzavna espaneTSi, sasuliero se-

minariaSi. iqidan dabrunebuli kidec akur-

Txes mRvdlad, magram monasterSi igi did-

xans aRar darCenila, Cairicxa parizis wm.

lazares sasuliero saswavlebelSi. swored

iq, parizis muzeumebSi, wignTsacavebSi, ar-

qivebSi, gaecno namdvil mecnierul cxov-

rebas da Tavadac iqve gadadga pirveli na-

bijebi samecniero muSaobaSi.

Rrmad ganswavluli mixeili, ganaTle-

biTa da maRalzneobiT aRsavse, 1880-iani

wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi dabrunda er-

TaderTi mizniT — mSobeli qveynis sake-

TildReod sasuliero saqme SeeTavsebina

mecnierul muSaobasTan; dabrunda da, ro-

ca daniSnes Tbilisis kaTolikeTa miZine-

bis eklesiaSi mRvdlad, kidec Seudga

praqtikul saqmianobas: wirvis dros moZ-

14

Rvari “eklesiis kaTedridan mrevls erov-

nuli istoriis patriotul furclebs ax-

senebda, simtkicisa da erTianobisaken mou-

wodebda. mixeil TamaraSvilis qadagebaze,

romelic erovnul sakiTxebze Catarebul

mecnierul leqciebs ufro hgavda, mrevlma

imata. qarTvel kaTolikeTa sixaruls saz-

Rvari ar hqonda, maT rwmenasa da ocnebas

frTebi esxmeboda” (S. lomsaZe). amasTan da-

kavSirebiT gvagondeba qarTveli kaTolike

mRvdlis k o n s t a n t i n e s a f a r i S v i l i s

erTi saintereso mogonebac: “mis (mixeilis

— J.f.) qadagebaze bevri xalxi dadioda, ka-

Tolike da arakaTolike. igi qarTulad la-

parakobda; odnav aCqarebuli toni hqonda.

maxsovs erTxel mrevls aseTi kiTxviT mi-

marTa: ra aris dReis amocana? da TviTonve

upasuxa: dReis amocana sakuTari Tavis

cnobaa. Tavis cnobisaTvis saWiroa naTesav-

tomobis cnoba, anu imis garkveva, vin ra

gvaris sisxl-xorcisagan da ra tomis ded-

mamisagan moedineba. vinc amas gaarkvevs, is

imasac gaigebs, Semdeg ra gziT iaros.”

. . . mix. TamaraSvilma Tavisi sicocxlis

naxevarze meti ucxoeTSi gaatara, magram

arasodes ganelebia siyvaruli mSobliuri

qveynisa, sadac imJamindeli politikuri

viTarebis gamo mas, rogorc “ucxo idee-

biT” gamsWvalul da mTavrobisaTvis “seri-

ozulad saSiS” pirovnebas, aukrZales ara

mxolod moRvaweoba, aramed cxovrebac ki!

Tumca, meore mxriv, Tvals Tu gavadevnebT

15

mTel mis saqmianobas, cxadi xdeba, rom es

gaZeveba misTvis sasjeli ki ara, zenaarisa-

gan boZebuli madli iyo: TamaraSvils auci-

leblad unda ecxovra ucxoeTSi, raTa, jer

erTi, samSoblosaTvis gaewia fasdaudebe-

li samsaxuri _ evropis didi qalaqebis

wignTsacavebSi gansakuTrebuli interesiT

daeZebna im dros qarTveli kacisaTvis fi-

zikurad xelmiuwvdomeli masalebi; amoe-

kiTxa, gaeSifra da evropelTaTvis cnobi-

li gaexada saqarTvelos mravalsaukunova-

ni istoria Tavisi wiaRsvlebiTa Tu tragi-

kuli epizodebiT... da, meorec, mieRo umaR-

lesi Teologiuri ganaTleba da moepovebi-

na samecniero xarisxi.

cnobisaTvis aqve davsZenT: samSoblo-

dan gaZevebuli mixeili cota xans konstan-

tinopolis qarTvel kaTolikeTa savaneSi

SeCerda, Semdeg romSi Cavida swavlis gasag-

rZeleblad. qvelmoqmedi Tanamemamuleebis

— z u b a l a S v i l e b i s TanadgomiTa da fi-

nansuri mxardaWeriT 1891-1894 wlebSi

swavlobda romis sasuliero akademiaSi;

aqve mianiWes RvTismetyvelebaSi doqto-

ris samecniero xarisxi. wlebis manZilze

muSaobda romis universitetSi profeso-

rad, moRvaweobda, agreTve, sxvadasxva ko-

lejSi; sagulisxmoa isic, rom zedmiwevniT

kargad flobda mraval ucxo enas: fran-

guls, italiurs, laTinurs, Turquls,

somxurs, rusuls.

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. . . uTuod uflis STagoneba iyo gadam-

wyveti maSinac, roca meistories mZime Sro-

miT daqanculi, xSirad usaxsrobiTac Se-

Wirvebuli, TiTqmis mSier_mwyurvali

kvlav da kvlav iZireboda istoriul sabu-

TebSi, ucxoelTa mier saqarTvelos Sesa-

xeb daweril werilebSi. usazRvro sixa-

ruls grZnobda TiToeuli cnobis, doku-

mentisa Tu Canaweris moZiebis dros: “am xa-

nebSi sxvas arafers vakeTeb, Tu ara mudam-

dRe sxvadasxva arqivebSi da biblioTekebSi

daveZeb kidev cnobebs. RvTis SewevniT, Cemi

Sroma unayofod ar rCeba... sakmaod SesaniS-

nav cnobebs vkreb... mec, rac SemiZlia,

vSromob da veZeb yvelanair wignebSi” (naw-

yveti z. WiWinaZisadmi miwerili werili-

dan); “me pirvelad vxedav aseT Sromismoyva-

re qarTvel kacs. es pirveli magaliTia,

rom aseT Sromasa da cdasTan evropis erTa

amdeni enebic icodes” (al. xaxanaSvili).

mixeili Sromobda Tavdauzogavad im

rwmeniT, rom ixdida Tavis mamuliSvilur

vals; Sromobda interesiT, siyvaruliT, Se-

upovrobiT da Sedegmac bunebrivad ar daa-

yovna: sicocxleSive moeswro saqveynod

aRiarebas, Tavisi naRvawis jerovan Sefase-

basa da dafasebas. progresulad moazrovne

qarTveli inteligencia, romelic yovel-

Tvis yuradRebiT adevnebda Tvals ucxoeT-

Si myofi Tanamemamulis saqmianobas, udide-

si madlierebiT Sexvda misi naSromebis ga-

moqveynebas, xolo evropis ganaTlebuli

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sazogadoeba TamaraSvilis wignebiT daxa-

tul saqarTvelos — qarTveli eris mraval-

saukunovan brZolas TviTmyofadobisa da

rwmenis gadasarCenad — axal aRmoCenad mi-

iCnevda. swored uzenaesma Zalam gamoarCia

mixeili TanamemamuleTagan, raTa Taobebi-

saTvis Semoenaxa qarTvelTa religiuri

cxovrebis WeSmariti matiane da Cveni eris

istoriisaTvis metad faseuli SromebiT

Suqi moefina istoriografiaSi TavCenili

bevri sadavo problemisaTvis, gamoeaSkara-

vebina yalbi mosazrebani.

. . . Tamamad SeiZleba ganvacxadoT, rom

mix. TamaraSvilma qarTvelTagan erT-erTma

pirvelma aziara evropeli mkiTxveli sa-

qarTvelos istoriasa da kulturas romis,

vatikanis, florenciis, palermos, parizis,

londonis, moskovis, aleqsandriis, beiru-

Tis, trapizonis, alepos, qairos, konstan-

tinopolisa da ucxoeTis sxva didi qalaqe-

bis arqivebsa da biblioTekebSi moZiebuli

masalebiT. aqve Tu imasac gavixsenebT, rom

manve pirvelma miakvlia s u l x a n - s a b a

o r b e l i a n i s evropaSi mogzaurobis masa-

lebs, siciliaSi pirvelma aRmoaCina k a s -

t e l i s mier saqarTveloSi Sesrulebuli

Canaxatebis, suraTebis albomi, romlis fo-

toaslis gadmosaRebad da warwerebis Se-

saswavlad did xarjTan erTad didi Sromac

gaswia (“yvela saqme didis siamovnebiT vit-

virTeT, raTa saqarTvelosaTvis SegveZina

es Zvirfasi ganZi Cveni warsulisa”), SeuZ-

18

lebelia, am sasiqadulo mamuliSvilis mi-

marT TiToeul CvenganSi ar gaxmiandes sa-

madlobeli sityvebi am RvawlisaTvis!

da bolos, RvTis neba iyo isic, rom Ta-

maraSvili saqveynod cnobili gamxdariyo

ara mxolod mecnieruli naSromebiT, ara-

med pirovnuli TvisebebiTac: Sinagani ma-

Rali suliereba, moyvasis siyvarulis mad-

li amSvenebda am RvTismosav adamians, ro-

melic uyoymanod Seewira sxvisi sicocxlis

gadarCenas — aRelvebul zRvaSi gadaeSva

ucnobi mamakacis misaSveleblad; ucnobi

daxrCobas gadarCa, mixeili ki daiRupa (sam-

wuxarod, masTan erTad daixrCo Turme gan-

wirulis misaSveleblad wyalSi Securebu-

li profesori a v g u s t o s i _ TamaraSvi-

lis mowafe da axalgazrda kolega)... roca

am SemTxvevas ufro Rrmad Caukvirdebi,

misgan aRarc ki gikvirs aseTi Tavganwirva.

gana SeiZleboda sxvagvarad moqceuliyo

kaci, romlis mrwamsiT, “cxovreba aris

brZola ara mxolod arsebobis SesanarCu-

neblad, adamianis materialuri ekonomiuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis... aramed

cxovreba aris da unda iyos brZola ada-

mianis patiosnebis SeZenis, SenarCunebisa

da garSemo misi gavrcelebisaTvis”.

diax, mix. TamaraSvilis es Tavganwirva

ar iyo SemTxveviTi, uecari afeqtis Sedegi.

uTuod im sabediswero wamebSic, rogorc

yovelTvis, am WeSmarit qristians, sulier

mamas amoqmedebda misi adamianuri movale-

oba — sxvaTa msaxureba, anu, sxva sityvebiT

rom vTqvaT, mixeili sxvagvarad ver moiqce-

19

oda! “roca 53 wlis miqel TamaraSvili ada-

mianis gadasarCenad aboboqrebul zRvaSi

gadaeSva, mas ar ufiqria, igi, vinc ixrCobo-

da, ra rwmenis kaci iyo — kaTolike qristia-

ni, marTlmadidebeli qristiani, budisti

Tu muslimi. mas adamianis Svela undoda. mi-

qel TamaraSvili Rirseulad atarebda ka-

Tolike qristianis saxels swored imitom,

rom mas arasodes Seuxedavs aTvalwunebiT

sxva rwmenis adamianisaTvis. mis mecnierul

Rvawls es zneobrivi gakveTilic amSvenebs”

(ak. baqraZe).

“TamaraSvili daiRupa rogorc namdvi-

li raindi, mSobeli eris Rirsebisa da maRali

Tvisebebis gamomsxivebeli” (j. Rvinjilia).

mix. TamaraSvilis moulodnelma gar-

dacvalebam mTeli saqarTvelo SeZra. im-

droindeli presa (qarTuli Tu rusuleno-

vani gazeTebi) mwuxarebiT iuwyeboda saxe-

lovani mamuliSvilis tragikuli daRupvis

Sesaxeb, vrclad mouTxrobda mkiTxvelebs

TamaraSvilis did damsaxurebaze, misi mec-

nieruli memkvidreobis mniSvnelobaze... da

xalxs mouwodebda, Rirseulad vitiroT sa-

qarTvelos Rirseuli Svilio. mowinave in-

teligencia, farTo sazogadoeba mixeilis

daRupvas qarTuli istoriografiis aunaz-

Raurebel danaklisad miiCnevda. samglovi-

aro panaSvidebi Catarda TbilisSi, axalci-

xeSi. Cveni warsuli cxovrebis mematianes

mwuxarebiT eTxovebodnen saqarTveloSi

mcxovrebi yvela erovnebis adamianebi. es

sikvdili gansakuTrebiT Tavzardamcemi

iyo m. i v a n e g v a r a m a Z i s a T v i s , romel-

20

mac am ambis Semdeg “rva Tve iavadmyofa da

mere Tavis mowafesa da sulis mesaidumles

samudamod daemgzavra” (S. lomsaZe), amier-

Si ki datova sikvdilis win dawerili gamo-

saTxovari sulieri Svilisadmi — ufaqize-

si, saTuTi grZnobiT damuxtuli “moTqma”,

romelSic saocari siZlieriT RaRadebs

“Svilmkvdari” mamis wuxili da godeba misi

imedisa da nugeSis dakargvis gamo. im vrce-

li “datirebidan” amjerad davimowmebT

mxolod mcire amonarids: “vglovob, vtiri

mwared, aRaravin meguleba CvenSi jerjero-

biT misi momagiere, misebr namdvil ganaT-

lebuli, Segnebuli, marTali, sufTa, niWie-

ri, kurTxeuli enapiris mqone, mimzidveli;

kacis sulis, gulis manugeSebeli didad,

Seuvali cixe koSksaviT, mcvel mfarveli

Cveni, Zvirfasi saunje, Wkua, cnobis kolo-

fi, taxti mecnierebisa, mosarCle sarwmu-

noebisa, samSoblo-mamulis didi moyvare,

gvaris batoni, qveynis sanatreli da mtris

saSurveli, Zlieri far-xmali... ufalman

momca... ufalman miiRo” (i. gvaramaZe).

mixeili 1911 wels ucxoeTSi aResrula

fizikurad — Soreuli italiis miwas mieba-

ra misi sxeuli, magram suli, mis naSromebSi

gacocxlebuli, wignebis saxiT daubrunda

mSobliur kuTxes sanugeSod da saamayod.

im xanebSi qarTvelma inteligenciam, miuxe-

davad didi survilisa, ver moaxerxa amag-

dari Svilis neStis samSobloSi gadmosve-

neba; metic: saqarTvelodan erTi adamianic

ver Cavida italiaSi mis dakrZalvaze, arc

mSobliuri miwa dauyriaT gulze. . .

21

mix. TamaraSvili italiaSi didi pati-

viT dakrZales. iqauri presa sazogadoebas

dawvrilebiT acnobda qarTveli mecnieris

udides Rvawls qarTuli eklesiis istori-

is SeswavlaSi, Tanve xazgasmiT miuTiTebda,

rom “am kacSi bunebrivad iyo SeTvisebuli

Tavisi erisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTgu-

leba da kacTmoyvareobisaTvis gmiruli

Tavganwirva”. erTi wlis Semdeg (wlisTav-

ze), madlierebisa da pativiscemis niSnad,

italielebma TamaraSvilis saflavze aR-

marTes SesaniSnavi Zegli, romsa da vatikan-

Si gadaxdil iqna farTomasStabiani panaSvi-

debi, romSi daibeWda da gavrcelda Ria ba-

raTebi mix. TamaraSvilis suraTiT...

samwuxarod, momdevno aTwleulebSi

mizezTa da mizezTa gamo CvenSi aRaravin

dainteresebula mixeilis neStis araTu

gadmosvenebiT, aramed misi saflavis moZie-

ba-patronobiTac. im periodis istoriog-

rafiac jerovnad ver afasebda saamayo ma-

muliSvilis metad mniSvnelovan mecnierul

memkvidreobas; “revoluciis Semdeg zogi-

erTi vai-mecnieri TamaraSvilis, viTarca

kaTolikuri eklesiis moZRvris, Sromebs

Tavs aridebda da gaurboda. misi sruli da-

faseba mxolod ukanasknel wlebSi xdeba Se-

saZlebeli” (S. lomsaZe).

1970-iani wlebis bolos, roca Turme

mosalodneli iyo ucxoeTSi TamaraSvilis

saflavis dakargva, RvTis wyalobiTa da

qarTuli kulturis moWirnaxule adamian-

Ta erTi jgufis udidesi ZalisxmeviT, mwe-

ral r e z o T a b u k a S v i l i s xelmZRvane-

22

lobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda mix. TamaraSvilis

sxeulsac epova samudamo gansasvenebeli

samSobloSi, qarTvel moRvaweTa didubis

panTeonSi. TamaraSvilis neStis gadmosvene-

bis ambavi elvis siswrafiT moedo mTels

qveyanas. saqarTvelos presam, televiziam

didi adgili dauTmo gansvenebuli mecnie-

ris samagaliTo cxovrebis gaSuqebas...

m. TamaraSvilis samSobloSi dabrune-

bam TiTqos erTbaSad gamoafxizla qarTve-

loba da gabedulad daarRvevina wlebis

manZilze mis mimarT gamefebuli dumili.

qveyanam igrZno, rom Tavis amagdar Svils

axla mainc unda mohfereboda da gulRiad

gamoexata misdami madliereba da siyvaru-

li. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1978 wlis Semod-

goma TamaraSvilis dReebTan dakavSirebiT

iyo qarTveli eris dauberebeli Sinagani

energiis gamovlena, saerTo erovnuli Rir-

sebis erTgvari zeimi da gamarjvebac!

. . . Tbilisi, 26 noemberi, 1978 weli — mi-

xeil TamaraSvilis dakrZalvis dRe... amJa-

mindeli gadasaxedidan igi aseTad warmomid-

genia: zRva xalxs veRar itevs xelovnebis sa-

xelmwifo muzeumi da misi Semogareni...

bedi mdevari sikvdilis Semdegac Sav

aCrdilad yvelgan dahyveboda zvarakad Se-

wirul sxeulsa da suls. rogorc iqna, mra-

vali wlis Semdeg TamaraSvili mTlianad

daubrunda samSoblos — pirvel xanebSi

“farulad”, magram — d a b r u n d a! ucxoe-

Tidan saidumlod gadmosvenebuli wminda

neSti keTili adamianebis wyalobiT karga

xans “Seifara” xelovnebis muzeumma, ra

23

Tqma unda, isev saidumlod. marTalia, im

dReebSi muzeumis Senoba am saqmis mesveur-

Ta mxridan albaT aRiqmeboda mxolod Zvir-

fasi neStis gadasarCenad SerCeul yvelaze

“saimedo” adgilad, magram am faqtze me co-

ta sxvagvaradac vfiqrob: samSobloSi, Tbi-

lisSi, dabrunebuli TamaraSvilis upirve-

lesi Wirisufali, gulTbili maspinZeli

unda yofiliyo swored xelovnebis muzeu-

mi — TamaraSvilis guluxvi mecenatebis

z u b a l a S v i l e b i s gvaris kuTvnili dide-

buli sasaxle.

dakrZalvis dRes rezo TabukaSvilis

survilisamebr muzeumis vestibiuli TeT-

ri feriT iyo Semosili. SuagulSi esvena

lamazi, originaluri formis TeTri kubo.

zRva yvavilebis fonze es siTeTre — siwmin-

dis simbolo — saocrad amaRlebul gan-

cdebs iwvevda da iqaurobas sevdanarev,

magram mainc sazeimo iers aZlevda. im dRes

yvelaferi iyo sisadaviT damSvenebuli da

Rirseuli Svilisadmi gulwrfeli pativis-

cemis gamomxatveli. . .

naSuadRevs xelovnebis muzeumma, zuba-

laSvilebma wuxiliTa da Tan siamayiT “gaa-

ciles” saxelovani Tanamemamule samudamo

gansasveneblisaken mimaval gzaze, xolo sa-

Ramo xans mTelma qarTvelma xalxma crem-

lebiT gajerebuli madlierebis grZnobiT

saTuTad miabara mSobliur miwas wminda

neSti. aTeuli wlebis winaT Cveni qveynis

zeciur saufloSi davanebuli suli amieri-

dan SeuerTda Tavissave sxeuls. . .

24

TamaraSvilis dReebis gasaxseneblad

movixmobT, agreTve, oriode amonarids im-

droindeli presis furclebidan: “kuboze

isev cocxlad ewyo Turme 67 wlis winaT dak-

refili yvavilebi... amaRelvebelia misi

cxovrebis istoria, amaRelvebelia misi si-

cocxlis ukanaskneli dRec... momxibvlelia

es tragikuli da mainc ulamazesi dasasru-

li misi sicocxlisa, qristianuli dasasru-

li... adamianis cxovrebaSi gadadgmul aseT

nabijs xSirad didi Semoqmedebis mwverva-

lebsac uTanabreben... da es asecaa. Zvirfas

wignebs Soris, romlebic man Tavis ers dau-

tova, erT-erTi saukeTeso im ucnobi itali-

eli moqalaqis gadarCenili sicocxlecaa...

iyo cremlic, iyo Rimilic da yvelaze

meti iyo sixaruli. . . xalxma, qarTvelma

xalxma, am naTel dRes erTxel kidev Rrmad

iwama Tvisi ukvdaveba, erTxel kidev eziara

im maRal siwmindes, romelic ase aucilebe-

li da saWiroa misTvis” (“jvari vazisa”,

1978).

“adamiani, romelTan gamosaTxoveblad

didZali xalxi movida, 67 wlis winaT gar-

daicvala da, amdenad, ukanaskneli valis

mosaxdelad mosulTa umravlesoba misi

gardacvalebis mravali wlis Semdegaa da-

badebuli. magram zRva xalxSi igrZnoboda

gansakuTrebuli mokrZaleba da pativisce-

ma miuxedavad imisa, rom mixeil TamaraSvi-

lis didi mamuliSviluri Rvawli da qarTu-

li mecnierebis winaSe damsaxureba aqamde,

samwuxarod, mxolod specialistTa viwro

wrisaTvis iyo cnobili. iseTi STabeWdile-

25

ba dagrCebodaT, rom dakrZalvaze mosul

amden xalxSi yvelas kargad hqonda Segnebu-

li da gaTvaliswinebuli mniSvneloba misi

moRvaweobisa.

Tqven iq ismendiT sevdian musikas, Zvel

qarTul sagaloblebs, klasikuri musikis

hangebs. . . da ise iyo yvelaferi SerCeuli,

rom xels uwyobda sasurveli ganwyobis Seq-

mnas, uxdeboda am amaRlebul, sevdagareul

sixaruls, rom mSobliur miwas daubrunda

ucxoobaSi didi xnis winaT gadakarguli

RviZli Svili, rom amieridan qarTuli isto-

riografiis samsaxurSi ufro aqtiurad Cad-

geba didebuli mecnieris mTeli moRvaweo-

ba” (“literaturuli saqarTvelo”, 1978).

26 noemberze fiqri gvinda davasru-

loT S. lomsaZis mogonebiT: “saqarTvelos

xelovnebis muzeumis vrcel vestibiulSi

gamarTul panaSvidze uwyvet nakadad moe-

dinebodnen raionebidan Camosuli mSrome-

lebi, dedaqalaqis muSa-mosamsaxureni, mec-

nierebis, kulturis, xelovnebis muSakebi.

isini qeds ixridnen valmoxdili mamuliSvi-

lis wminda neStis winaSe... ismoda galobis

damatyvevebeli xmebi da Semodgomis Tbi-

lisuri dRe iJRinTeboda zaqaria faliaS-

vilis ukvdavi hangebiT...

roca mze dasavleTiT gadaixara, xe-

lovnebis muzeumidan rusTavelis gamzirze

gamosuli procesia didubis panTeonisaken

daiZra. teva ar iyo. amdeni erTad Seyrili

xalxi Tbiliss iSviaTad axsovs... Tavisi ma-

muli afrqvevda siamayis cremlebs. xelSi

atacebuli kuboTi miirweoda procesia da

26

TiTqos qaSueTis zarebi yvelas gasagonad

gugunebdnen: “ar aris mkvdari, vinc mok-

vdes da xalxs Seswiros dRenia”. xuTi ki-

lometris manZilze TamaraSvilis kubo xe-

lidan xelSi gadadioda. esec siyvarulis

Taviseburi gamoxatuleba iyo...

didubeSi, samgloviaro mitingze, gamo-

saTxovari sityvebiT erTimeores cvlidnen

oratorebi... kvlav iyo gaxseneba misi Tav-

ganwiruli Sromisa, xalxisa da samSoblo-

sadmi migebuli samsaxurisa, romlis wil

did siyvaruls axla imkida. gaisma ukanas-

kneli akordebic da TamaraSvili saTayva-

nebeli akakis ukvdavi striqonebiT: “ver

avitane obloba, simwris cremlebi vRva-

reo... dedaSvilobas, bevrs ar gTxov, Sens

miwas mimabareo”, romelic mis cxovrebas

ase esadageboda, Caasvenes didubis wminda

miwaSi”.

* * *

mixeil TamaraSvili daibada da aRi-

zarda samxreT saqarTveloSi, regionSi,

romelic saukuneebis manZilze spars-os-

malTa saTareSo moednad iyo qceuli. iqau-

ri qarTvelebisaTvis erovnulobisa da

rjulis SenarCuneba udidesi safrTxis wi-

naSe idga. am mxriv kidev ufro gamwvavda

mdgomareoba XIX saukunis dasawyisidan, ro-

ca iranisa da TurqeTis agresias daemata

mefis ruseTis imperiuli zraxvebic. maSin

ucxo tomelTa mTavari sazrunavi iyo qar-

Tveli eris sulieri gadagvareba da mere

misi fizikuri ganadgureba (saxelmwifoeb-

27

riobis mospoba), risTvisac marjved iyeneb-

dnen sxva damatebiTs saSualebebsac: rju-

lis Secvlas, eTnikuri Tu religiuri aR-

msareblobis niSniT adgilobrivTa Soris

SuRlis Camogdebas, erovnulobisa da rwme-

nis gaigivebas da a.S. samwuxarod, am mizan-

mimarTul politikas Sedegad mohyva sam-

xreT saqarTvelos ZirZvel kuTxeebSi

mcxovreb marTlmadidebel qarTvelTa di-

di nawilis gamahmadianeba da Semdgom ga-

Turqeba, qarTvel kaTolikeTa araqarTve-

lebad gamocxadeba... amis gamo iyo, rom sam-

xreT saqarTvelos istoriul teritoria-

ze (arTvini, SavSeTi, mesxeT-javaxeTi) daiw-

yes qarTvel kaTolikeTa masiuri gasomxe-

ba. somexi “moRvaweebi” iqamdec mividnen,

rom saerTod uaryofdnen saqarTveloSi

kaTolikobis istorias...

aseT rTul viTarebaSi, eTnikurad Tu

sarwmunoebrivad mravalferovan mxareSi

uxdebodaT moRvaweoba WeSmarit eriska-

cebs — mesx kaTolikeebs: i v a n e g v a r a m a -

Z e s , p e t r e x a r i s W i r a S v i l s da maT

Tanamoazreebs. isini Seupovrad ibrZodnen

mSobliuri kuTxis gadasarCenad, qarTve-

lobisa da qristianobis SesanarCuneblad.

am saxelovani Tanamemamuleebis erov-

nul ideebs TamaraSvili bavSvobidanve ezi-

ara; maTgan SeiTvisa saqveyno saqmis erTgu-

leba. igi gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulad ga-

nicdida qarTvel kaTolikeTa mimarT aSka-

rad gamoxatul mtrul politikas, romlis

wyalobiT, mavanTa da mavanTa mier iCqmale-

boda am kuTxis qarTvelTa WeSmariti isto-

28

ria da farTod vrceldeboda yalbi infor-

maciebi ucxoenovan wignebsa Tu presaSi.

samwuxarod, maSin CvenSi ar moipoveboda

iseTi naSromebi, utyuari masalebi, romle-

bic aRadgendnen Cveni qveynis socialur-

politikuri Tu religiuri cxovrebis gan-

vlil gzas. swored amitomac miiCnevda mi-

xeili aucileblobad, saqarTvelos isto-

riasTan dakavSirebuli cnobebi pirvel

rigSi daZebniliyo evropis didi qalaqebis

arqivebSi.

* * *

. . . da Seiqmna sakmaod didi moculobis

naSromi “istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvel-

Ta Soris namdvilis sabuTebis SemotaniT

da ganmartebiT XIII saukunidgan vidre XX

saukunemde” (wigni gamoica TbilisSi 1902

wels), romelic mxolod qarTvel kaTolike-

Ta istoria rodia. realurad igi gaxlavT

erTiani saqarTvelos Svidsaukunovani mati-

ane, ucxouri wyaroebiT damowmebul-dasa-

buTebuli, sadac kaTolikobis istoria bu-

nebrivad aris Serwymuli Cveni qveynis poli-

tikur-ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli cxov-

rebis aRwerasTan. garda amisa, mkiTxveli iq

ipovis bevr saintereso cnobas sxva qveyne-

bisa da xalxebis Sesaxebac.

“mix. TamaraSvilis mier mikvleuli da

gamoqveynebuli masalebi, saqarTvelos sa-

gareo politikisa da faruli Tu aSkara

diplomatiis Sesaswavlad fasdaudebel

cnobebs Seicavda, cnobebs, romlebic ver

29

aisaxa oficialur qarTul matianeebsa da

qronikebSi” (el. metreveli).

naSroms gansakuTrebul Rirsebas hma-

tebs isic, rom masSi daxasiaTebulia ucxo-

elTa (evropeli mogzaurebis, kaTolike mi-

sionerebis) TvaliT naxuli personaJebi,

faqtebi, maT mier gancdili movlenebi, er-

Tiani saqarTvelos cxovreba... qarTuli is-

toriografiisaTvis metad faseulia ag-

reTve Cveni xalxis mwignobrul Tu saganma-

naTleblo tradiciebTan dakavSirebuli

masalebi, informaciebi: pirveli qarTuli

wignebis dabeWdva romSi; misionerTa mier

saqarTveloSi gaxsnil skolebSi qarTveli

bavSvebis gawvrTna maT mier Sedgenili qar-

Tuli saxelmZRvaneloebiTa da leqsikone-

biT; evropuli ganaTleba-kulturis Semo-

tana CvenSi; romSi kaTolikeTa kongregaci-

is mier qarTuli enis kaTedris daarseba da

a.S. kidev uamrav sayuradRebo da saintere-

so sakiTxs exeba es wigni da, roca wakiT-

xuls mTlianobaSi erTxel kidev gaiazreb,

SeuZlebelia uneburad ar mogagondes

i l i a W a v W a v a Z i s sityvebi: “zogi kaci

imisTanaa, rom ar viciT, romeli mxridam

davuwyoT yureba, radgan yoveli mxridam

didebuli sanaxavia”. diax, es wigni Tematu-

rad marTlac imdenad mravalmxrivia, rom

Znelia masSi gamokveTo erTi romelime Zi-

riTadi konkretuli sakiTxi. igi WeSmari-

tad moicavs Cveni qveynis istoriis yvela

aspeqts. am enciklopediuri Sinaarsis naS-

romSi yvelaferi uaRresi pasuxismgeblo-

biTa da mecnieruli sifrTxiliTaa aRweri-

30

li. mravalferovani werilobiTi wyaroebi

kidev ufro sarwmunos xdis avtoriseul

Txrobas. metic: kiTxulob am wigns da

rwmundebi, rom TamaraSvili iseTi JamTa-

aRmwereli rodia, civi gonebiT rom afiqsi-

rebs faqtebs, piriqiT, qarTvelTa avbedi-

Ti istoriis damadasturebeli werilebisa

Tu cnobebis ganxilvisas mkiTxveli aSka-

rad grZnobs mSobliuri qveynis bedukuR-

marTobis gamo avtoris sulis tkivils da

bunebrivad TviTonac xdeba am wuxilis Ta-

naziari.

swored aseTad aRiqva qarTvelma inte-

ligenciam es didebuli wigni, romelsac

i l i a W a v W a v a Z i s SefasebiT damsaxure-

bulad uwodes “meore qarTlis cxovreba”:

“wigns qarTvelebisaTvis ufro meti, ufro

didi mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre am mniSvnelo-

bas gamoxatavs TviT gamocemis saTauri. es

marto kaTolikobis istoria ki ar aris,

aramed saqarTvelos Sinagani cxovrebis da

politikuri mdgomareobis istoriaa da am

mxriv es SesaniSnavi wigni “meore qarTlis

cxovrebaa” mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom

“qarTlis cxovreba” ufro politikuri

mdgomareobis ambebs gvaZlevs da es wigni ki

politikursac da etnografiulsac” (m. ja-

naSvili); “verc erTi qarTveli ver Seiswav-

lis saqarTvelos istorias ise, Tu is am

vrcel Sromas ar waikiTxavs; istoriis maZi-

ebeli aq yvela dargis cnobebs hpovebs sa-

qarTvelos eris Sinagan yofa-cxovrebis Se-

saxeb... mix. TamaraSvilis Sromis gareSe Se-

uZlebelia saqarTvelos istoriis dawera

31

(z. WiWinaZe); “wigni “istoria kaTolikobisa

qarTvelTa Soris” Cveni istoriisaTvis Seu-

darebeli mniSvnelobis Zeglia... mix. Tama-

raSvilis Sromam me cxadliv damimtkica is

WeSmariteba, rom qarTvel kacsac SesZlebia

vrceli Txzulebis wera” (al. xaxanaSvili);

“istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa

Soris” Tavdacvisa da Setevis maxvili iyo

ara marto qarTveli kaTolikeebis xelSi,

aramed mTeli qarTveli xalxis xelSi”

(ak. baqraZe).

Rirssacnobia, rom am wigns male mohyva

TamaraSvilis axali naSromi “pasuxad som-

xis mwerlebs, romelnic uarhyofen qar-

Tvel kaTolikobas” (tf., 1904). saTanado

dokumentebze dayrdnobiT, avtorma sakad-

risi pasuxi gasca saqarTvelos istoriis

gamyalbebel somex mwerlebs — cru istori-

kosebs: “ilia WavWavaZis “qvaTa RaRadis”

Semdeg qarTul enaze aseTi araferi dabeW-

dila qarTvelT damcirebisa da mospobis

JiniT atexil mweralTa erTi wris asalag-

mavad” (Tedo saxokia).

Tanamedrove istoriografiaSic aRia-

rebulia, rom TamaraSvilis meore wigni

iseTive Zalisa da mniSvnelobis publicis-

tikaa, rogoric i l i a W a v W a v a Z i s “ q v a -

T a R a R a d i ”.

* * *

. . . isev dauRalavi Sroma, isev ucxoe-

Tis arqivebi, xelnawerebi... mixeili TiTqos

winaswarve grZnobda fizikuri aRsasrulis

moaxloebas. albaT, amitomac gansakuTre-

32

biT Cqarobda, rac SeiZleba meti masala Se-

egrovebina, raTa, pirvel rigSi, calke wig-

nis saxiT sazogadoebisaTvis droulad ga-

ecno qarTvelTa religiuri cxovrebis gan-

vlili gza warmarTobidan moyolebuli XIX

saukunis CaTvliT, Semdeg ki daewera saqar-

Tvelos istoria (romlis ZiriTadi monaxa-

zi ukve gakeTebulic hqonda). “gulmxurva-

le patriots saqarTvelos politikur-

ekonomikuri istoriis dasawerad didZali

masala Seugrovebia, romlis damuSaveba da

gamoqveyneba bedmuxTalma kacma veRar SeZ-

lo. mix. TamaraSvils Tavisi naSromebis IV

tomSi ganzraxuli hqonda eCvenebina sruli

suraTi saqarTvelos mRelvare istoriisa

XVI saukunidan mokidebuli XVIII saukunis

dasasrulamde” (b. giorgaZe).

marTlac, SesaSuri energiisa da Sro-

mismoyvareobis wyalobiT, 1908 wlisaTvis

TamaraSvils sastambod ukve gamzadebuli

hqonda 720 gverdiani wigni “qarTuli ekle-

sia dasabamidan dRemde”, romelic 1910

wels daibeWda romSi frangul enaze. wigni

scildeba qarTveli eris religiuri cxov-

rebis CarCoebs, igi Cveni qveynis mTliani

istoriaa uZvelesi droidan XIX saukunis

bolomde. avtoris mier keTilsindisierad,

miudgomlad moxmobil dokumentebSi mkiT-

xveli uTuod ipovis saintereso cnobebs

qarTvelTa cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela mxare-

ze: qarTuli samefoebi, mefeebi, qveynis po-

litikuri aRmavloba da daqveiTeba, rjuli

da eklesiebis mSenebloba, xelovneba, mxat-

vroba, mwerloba, swavla-ganaTleba, xelos-

33

noba, gamudmebuli omebi, qveynis dauZlu-

reba, danawileba, bolos ruseTTan SeerTe-

ba... sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, wigni ara mxo-

lod obieqturad acnobda ganaTlebul

msoflios saqarTvelos Tavgadasavals da-

sabamidan meoce saukunemde, aramed igi am-

xelda Cveni qveynis aSkara Tu faruli

mtrebis mzakvrul politikasac. am wignis

mniSvnelobas kidev ufro aZlierebs Tan-

darTuli 104 portreti, qarTul ZeglTa

reproduqciebi, ori geografiuli ruka da

mravali gamouqveynebeli dokumenti.

evropis samecniero wreebi didi mowo-

nebiT Sexvdnen TamaraSvilis am axali wig-

nis gamocemas, daibeWda 50-ze meti recen-

zia-gamoxmaureba sxvadasxva Jurnal-ga-

zeTSi frangul, inglisur, espanur, ita-

liur, germanul, polonur da sxva enebze.

wigns umaRlesi Sefaseba misces romis papma

da kardinalebma, mianiWes vatikanis speci-

aluri premia...

usazRvro iyo qarTveli inteligenci-

is sixaruli da kmayofileba — yvela er-

Txmad aRiarebda mix. TamaraSvilis fasdau-

debeli naRvawis mniSvnelobas eris istori-

isaTvis; zepiri Tu werilobiTi saxiT gul-

wrfel madlobas uxdidnen wignis avtors:

“wakiTxulma aRtacebaSi momiyvana Tavisi

mecnieruli naSenobiT, sagulisxmo masala-

faqtebiT da kargis franguli eniT. gulax-

dilad mogaxsenebT, rom eg Tqveni kapita-

luri naSromi Zvirfasi ganZia. Cvensa da ev-

ropis literaturaSi am saganze jer magis

msgavsi araferi dawerila. wignis avtors

34

etyoba didi erudicia, Sromis didi unari.

b-no mixeil, WeSmaritad vaSa Tqvens mxneo-

bas, mecadineobas da samSoblos siyvaruls!

me aRtacebaSi movyavar Tqvens aseT ara Ta-

namedrove qarTvelobas, aramed namdvil

evropul unarsa da energias. gisurvebT gu-

liT dRegrZelobas da mravalJamier si-

cocxles Cveni bedSavi qveynis sakeTildRe-

od. Tu Tanamedrove qarTveli sazogadoeba

ver Seignebs Tqvens aseT Rvawls, momavali

Taoba mainc Rirseulad daafasebs mas da

ukvdavhyofs Tqvens SaravandediT mosil

saxels. amaSi Rrmad var darwmunebuli” (si-

mon qvariani); “am wignis gamocemiT mix. Ta-

maraSvilma evropaSi qarTvelebs didi Zeg-

li daudga” (z. WiWinaZe).

am wignis mniSvnelobaze SeiZleba mar-

Tlac dausruleblad ifiqro da isaubro.

i g i u n d a w a i k i T x o s y v e l a q a r -

T v e l m a , g a n s a k u T r e b i T , a x a l g a z -

r d o b a m !

“qarTuli eklesiis istoria” yuradRe-

bas iqcevs Tavisi ucnauri Tavgadasavli-

Tac — man TiTqmis mTlianad gaiziara pat-

ronis bedi: jer iyo da 1908 wels ukve dasa-

beWdad gamzadebuli wigni avtoris usax-

srobis gamo droulad ver moxvda stambaSi.

cota xnis Semdeg am saWiroebisaTvis keTi-

li adamianebis SemweobiT mainc gamoiZebna

Tanxis mxolod nawili da 1910 wels romSi

kidec daibeWda wigni frangul enaze, Tum-

ca igi ramdenime xans isev finansebis gamo

yadaRadadebuli ver axerxebda stambidan

“Tavis daRwevas”. rogorc iqna, 1911 wlis

35

gazafxulze, RvTis wyalobiT, wigni gaTavi-

suflda “tyveobidan” — miiRo gavrcelebis

nebarTva, ixila mzis sinaTle da... umal aa-

laparaka mTeli evropa (ramdenime calma

samSobloSic CamoaRwia).

magram. . . sul m a l e d a o b l d a , ise ma-

le, rom verc ki moaswro srulad ganecada

zeobis periodi da patronis sicocxleSive

ametyvelebuliyo mSobliur enaze. . .

gadioda wlebi. TiTo-orola specia-

listis garda es unikaluri frangulenova-

ni wigni qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis TiT-

qmis ucnobi da miuwvdomeli iyo. idga

CrdilSi da kvlavac eloda axal keTilis-

myoflebs, eloda axal sicocxles samSob-

loSi. da ai, TamaraSvilis neStis gadmosve-

nebis Semdeg ganaTlebul inteligenciaSi

daibada (gaCnda) survili wignis qarTulad

Targmanisa. am ideis erT-erTi iniciatori

isev batoni r e z o T a b u k a S v i l i gax-

ldaT. marTlac, xangrZlivi Sromatevadi

muSaobis Sedegad mTargmnel-gamomcemel-

Ta erT-erTma SemoqmedebiTma jgufma 1995

wels sazogadoebas warudgina gamomcemlo-

ba “kandelis” grifiT dastambuli “qarTu-

li eklesiis istoriis” qarTuli versia.

aRsrulda avtoris sanukvari ocneba, aR-

srulda saSviliSvilo saqme!

didia gangebis Zala! gana erTnairi

araa wignisa da avtoris bedi: Tavdapirveli

siZneleebi (metwilad yofiTi), mere orives

saqveynod aRiareba, Semdeg _ samSobloSi

aTeuli wlebis manZilze TiTqmis miviwyeba,

36

bolos _ k v l a v a x a l i s i c o c x l e d a

a x a l i a R i a r e b a .

diax, ase ucnaurad warimarTa am unika-

luri wignis bedi, magram, sabednierod dRes

igi (da misi avtori) Cveni qveynis istoriog-

rafiis ganuyofel nawiladaa qceuli.

* * *

. . . fiqriT TanamedroveobaSic gadmoi-

nacvleb da erTxel kidev rwmundebi, rom

istoria meordeba, Tumca sxva formiT, sxva

TvisobriobiT: Tu wina saukuneebSi gareSe

mterTa aSkara agresia aferxebda qveynis

winsvlas, rasac, Tavis mxriv, garkveulwi-

lad emateboda qveynis SinaaSliloba, dRe-

sac — kosmosisa da kompiuter-internetis

epoqaSi — arcTu iSviaTad, ucxouris wabaZ-

viT, qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi xdeba saku-

Tari _ erovnuli zne-Cveulebebis gadafa-

seba, Cveni winaprebis mier Seqmnili sulie-

ri memkvidreobis miviwyeba, eris moWirna-

xule SvilTa keTili saqmeebisa Tu Rvawlis

erTgvari miCqmalva... samagierod, erTmaneTs

dapirispirebuli sazogadoebis nawils, “WeS-

mariti qarTvelis” saxeliT rom gamodis,

mxolod sakuTari Tavi axsovs; jer kidev

mZlavrobs Cveni yofierebis TiTqmis yvela

sferoSi saerTo saqmisadmi gulgrili damo-

kidebuleba, upasuxismgebloba... Tumca, sa-

bednierod, aseT pirobebSic ki Tanamedrove

sazogadoebis jansaRi nawilis cxovreba-saq-

mianoba, warsulis saukeTeso tradiciebi...

37

mainc imediT gvavsebs da ukeTesi momavlis

rwmenas gviZlierebs.

. . . ucnauri da usazRvroa fiqri. Sendau-

neburad mainc Segaxsenebs Tavs da Tavadve

gkarnaxobs axal-axal epizodebs, faqtebsa

Tu movlenebs. amjerad mec am mdgomareoba-

Si Camayena — umal momagona TamaraSvilis

axlobelTa wre: sulieri Wirisufalni, si-

xarulisa Tu mwuxarebis Tanamoziareni, er-

Tguli qomagni, misi saqmianobis piruTvne-

li Semfasebelni da naRvawis gulwrfeli

damfasebelni... am keTilismyofelTa saTa-

veSi damsaxurebulad dganan ivane gvarama-

Ze da petre xarisWiraSvili — saxelgan-

Tqmuli moZRvrebi da sasiqadulo eriska-

cebi. swored am sulieri mamebis gverdiT

Camoyalibda TamaraSvili rogorc pirovne-

ba da rogorc mecnier-mkvlevari. am mxriv,

gansakuTrebiT didia iv. gvaramaZis Rvawli.

mixeilisaTvis is mxolod misabaZi mRvdeli

da maswavlebeli rodi gaxldaT, “vinme mes-

xi” ucxoeTSi gadaxvewili kacis sulieri

STagonebac iyo. moZRvris Segoneba-darige-

bani sicocxlis bolomde asazrdoebda da

amxnevebda madlier Segirds. Tu ufro daw-

vrilebiT gaecnobiT iv. gvaramaZisa da mix.

TamaraSvilis urTierTobas, romelic WeS-

maritad aris ori saukeTeso adamianis,

amagdari eriskacebis sulieri kavSiris la-

mazi da sanimuSo istoria, Tavadac irwmu-

nebT, rom ufalma iv. gvaramaZe imiTac gamo-

arCia, rom misma keTilma Teslma mSobliu-

38

ri qveynis sasargeblod uxvi nayofi gamoi-

Ro TamaraSvilis mecnieruli memkvidreo-

bis saxiT.

. . . TamaraSvilis axlobelTa Soris gansa-

kuTrebuli adgili uWiravT agreTve qar-

Tvel kaTolike zubalaSvilebs. cnobilia,

rom 1800-1920-ian wlebSi zubalaSvilebis

erTi Stos warmomadgenlebi — ivane gior-

gis Ze zubalaSvilis STamomavlebi _ iyvnen

ara mxolod saqveynod aRiarebuli msxvili

vaWar-mrewvelebi, saqarTveloSi pirveli

samrewvelo saqmianobis damwyebni; patiosa-

ni, Sromismoyvare _ evropuli stilis ko-

mersantebi, aramed Rirseuli eriskacebi,

usazRvro qvelmoqmedni da samagaliTo me-

cenatebi (ufro vrclad ixileT Cvens wig-

nSi “zubalaSvilebi erovnuli mrewvelobi-

sa da mecenatobis saTaveebTan,” Tb., 2011).

sasiqadulo mamuliSvilebi erTgulad

iRvwodnen mSobliuri qveynis winsvla-gan-

viTarebisaTvis, gverdiT edgnen erovnul-

ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis mesveu-

rebs, zrunavdnen xalxis keTildReobaze;

mtkivneulad ganicdidnen imasac, rom uc-

xoel dampyrobTa waqezebiT gaTamamebuli

“vai mecnierebi” aSkarad ayalbebdnen saqar-

Tvelos mravalsaukunovan istorias da

araswor cnobebs avrcelebdnen qarTvelTa

religiuri cxovrebis Sesaxebac. ganaTle-

bul zubalaSvilebs saSur saqmed miaCndaT,

ucxour wyaroebze dayrdnobiT aRdgenili-

yo Cveni qveynis WeSmariti istoria, riTac

39

sakadrisi pasuxi gaecemoda cru mecnierebs.

swored amitomac Sexvdnen isini didi sixa-

ruliT mix. TamaraSvilis gadawyvetilebas —

evropaSi mieRo umaRlesi ganaTleba, iqve

gulmodgined daeZebna, Seeswavla da Taname-

mamuleTaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaexada saqar-

Tvelos istoriasTan dakavSirebuli aqamde

ucnobi, metad faseuli masalebi.

k o n s t a n t i n e z u b a l a S v i l i s ojax-

ma imTaviTve siamovnebiT ikisra mixeilis

finansuri uzrunvelyofa sazRvargareT

cxovreba-saqmianobisaTvis. pirvel rigSi,

dauniSnes garkveuli raodenobis Tanxa yo-

velwliuri subsidiis saxiT (rasac Rebu-

lobda sicocxlis bolomde). garda amisa,

isini xSirad exmarebodnen sxva aucilebeli

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSic. am mxriv mainc

gansakuTrebulia s t e f a n e z u b a l a S v i -

l i s amagi (stefanes “SesawiraviT” daibeW-

da wignebi: “istoria kaTolikobisa qar-

TvelTa Soris” (1902), “pasuxad somxis mwer-

lebs” (1904).

SeniSvna: dasanania, rom Tanamedrove sa-

mecniero literaturasa Tu presaSi aqa-iq gaiJ-

Rera informaciam, TiTqos stefane zubalaSvi-

lis gardacvalebis Semdeg mix. TamaraSvilis

daxmarebaze “danarCenma zubalaSvilebma Tavi

Seikaves”; sabuTad ZiriTadad iSvelieben we-

rils, romelic 1907 wels mix. TamaraSvilma ga-

ugzavna imxanad parizSi myof akaki wereTels.

werilSi mixeili sTxovs akakis, visi saSualebi-

Tac ki SeiZleboda miewvdina xma Zmebi zubalaS-

vilebisaTvis, rom maTi ojaxisagan daniSnuli

yovelwliuri stipendia (subsidia) ar Semiwyvi-

tono.

40

saarqivo masalebiT irkveva, rom 1905-1907

wlebSi ruseTsa da amierkavkasiaSi Seqmnili

rTuli politikuri viTarebis gamo Zmebi petre

da iakob zubalaSvilebi gaixiznen evropaSi da

erTxans fizikurad veRar axerxebdnen TamaraS-

vilisaTvis subsidiis gagzavnas. magram maT co-

ta xnis Semdeg, 1909 wlidan, ganuaxles mixeils

weliwadnaxevris ganmavlobaSi Sewyvetili dax-

mareba (ramac gamotovebul TanxasTan erTad

Seadgina 2 aTasi franki) da gadaugzavnes

romSi. swored am Tanxam gaabedvina TamaraS-

vils, daewyo “qarTuli eklesiis istoriis” beW-

dva. aqve sagangebod unda SevniSnoT, rom am wig-

nis stambidan gamosaxsnelad Zmebma zubalaSvi-

lebma damatebiT kvlav gaiRes Tanxis nawili.

mix. TamaraSvils mTeli cxovrebis man-

Zilze amxnevebda zubalaSvilebis yurad-

Reba, amitomac madlierebiT acxadebda:

“Cvens movaleobad migvaCnia gauwyoT, rom

saqarTveloSi yoveli keTili saqmis wamow-

yebas mxars uWerdnen zubalaSvilebi... Zme-

bi zubalaSvilebi umagaliTo didsulovne-

biT aRvsilni mxsnelebad evlinebian yovel

RvTismosav saqmes, raTa nugeSi scen Tavian-

Ti qveynis bedkrulT”.

TamaraSvilisa da zubalaSvilebis ur-

TierToba iyo gulwrfeli, axlobluri,

saqmiani, iseTi, WeSmarit qristianebs rom

SeeferebodaT. orive mxare uangarod emsa-

xureboda erT saerTo kerps — samSoblos.

. . . TanamedroveTagan mixeil TamaraSvils

sanimuSo megobroba gauwia cnobilma mwe-

ralma da sazogado moRvawem zaqaria WiWi-

naZem. igi gaxldaT TamaraSvilis niWisa da

41

Sroma-saqmianobis piruTvneli Semfasebe-

li, qomagi da meoxi; xarobda misi warmate-

biT da wuxda miseuli satkivariTac. mixei-

li misTvis iyo ara mxolod TvalsaCino

mecnieri, aramed kacTmoyvareobiT Semkuli

pirovnebac. zaqariasa da mixeilis axlo me-

gobroba, romelic amoizarda mSobliuri

qveynis, qarTuli kulturis, mecnierebis

msaxurebis saerTo miznidan, bolomde dar-

Ca urTierTsiyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT

gajerebuli.

zaqaria WiWinaZe xSirad exmianeboda ev-

ropis didi qveynebis wignTsacavebSi momu-

Save Tanamemamules, amxnevebda da madlobas

uxdida misi SemarTeba-SeupovrobisTvis,

qarTvelTaTvis gaweuli esoden nayofieri

SromisaTvis. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi sagu-

lisxmo informaciebsac awvdida qarTuli

sinamdvilidan (Tavis mxriv, misgan Rebu-

lobda ucxour wyaroebSi gabneul bibli-

ografiuli xasiaTis cnobebs...); exmareboda

cxovrebiseuli sirTuleebis daZlevaSi,

Tavdauzogavad zrunavda misi wignebis ga-

mocemaze da a.S. garda amisa, zaqaria gansa-

kuTrebiT cdilobda, CvenSic droulad

gamxdariyo cnobili farTo sazogadoebi-

saTvis TamaraSvilis mecnieruli kvlevis

Sedegebi. amitomac iyo, rom qarTul presa-

Si sistematurad aqveynebda calkeul sta-

tiebs TamaraSvilis mier evropaSi moZiebu-

li axal-axali masalebis Sesaxeb, mkiTxvels

acnobda am ucxouri wyaroebis mniSvnelo-

bas qarTuli istoriografiisaTvis; 1912

wels ki pirvelma uZRvna specialuri mo-

42

nografia udrood gardacvlili megobris

xsovnas. wignSi “samSoblo qveynis moRva-

weebi. mixeil petres Ze TamaraSvili” av-

tori udidesi madlierebis grZnobiT saub-

robs mixeil TamaraSvilis cxovrebis Sesa-

xeb, misi SesaniSnavi wignebis mniSvnelobaze

da im sulier tkivilze, rac gamoiwvia sasi-

qadulo mamuliSvilis daRupvam.

zaqaria WiWinaZe, rogorc Tavisi qvey-

nis politikuri situaciebisa da sazogado-

ebrivi cxovrebis saerTo realuri suraTis

kargad mcnobi, Tvlida, rom TamarSvilis

SemoqmedebiTi naRvawis safuZvlian Secno-

basa da misi fasdaudebeli mniSvnelobis

gaazrebas sWirdeboda Taobebi da dro:

“m. TamaraSvilis dafaseba dRes Cven ar Seg-

viZlian, amis gadaxda momavalSi SeeZleba

mxolod qarTvel ganaTlebul sazogadoe-

bas, romelic Seignebs TamaraSvilis saqar-

Tvelos istoriisaTvis daufasebel Sromis

mniSvnelobas. saWiroa, WeSmaritad saWi-

roa, rom aseTi istoriuli wignebi Cvens

enazed xSirad ibeWdebodes.”

. . . mix. TamaraSvilis Tanamedrove keTi-

lismyofelTa Soris madlierebiT unda mo-

vixsenioT kornolato kurcio _ vinme uc-

xoeli, romlis vinaoba qarTvelTaTvis jer

kidev ucnobia (ver moxerxda misi STamomav-

lebis moZiebac).

italiuri saarqivo masalebiT mxolod

is gairkva, rom 1911 wels CivitavekiaSi dak-

rZaluli TamaraSvilis saflavis adgilSi

43

aucilebeli safasuri, sakmaod soliduri

Tanxa, 70 wlis vadiT gadauxdia kornolato

kurcios. aqve SevniSnavT, rom, saxelmwifo

kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare, kurcios

wyalobiT TamaraSvilis neSti daculi iqne-

boda mxolod 1981 wlamde. amis Semdeg, Tu-

ki Cveni Tanamemamulis saflavs axali me-

patrone ar gamouCndeboda da ar gadaixdi-

da Sesabamis Tanxas, saflavis adgili ofi-

cialurad gasxvisdeboda da masSi gansvene-

buli neStic daikargeboda.

marTalia, ar viciT, vin iyo kurcio,

icnobda Tu ara mix. TamaraSvils, magram am

SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT dasa-

fasebelia am ucxoelis amagi, vali da misa-

baZi keTilSobileba. swored man Seicno da

gulwrfelad Seafasa mixeil TamaraSvilis

Tavganwirva, misi adamianuri Rirseba da ma-

Rali suliereba... swored is aRmoCnda imxa-

nad qarTvelTagan “dautirebeli” amagdari

Svilis axlo Wirisufali, romelmac Svidi

aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi SeunarCuna si-

cocxle ucxo qveyanaSi STenil neSts, raTa

isev keTili adamianebis wyalobiT (sabo-

loo dakargvamde ori wliT adre) samuda-

mod dahbruneboda mSobliur miwas.

. . . axlac nel-nela imarcvleba fiqrTa

krialosani, gonebaSi kvlavac cocxldeba

da erTmaneTs cvlis TamaraSvilis mraval-

ricxovani nacnob-megobari. isinic elode-

bian saintereso epizodebis gaxmovanebas,

magram, samwuxarod, amjerad cal-calke ve-

44

Rar SevCerdebiT yvela maTganze, mxolod

zogadi gaxsenebiT davkmayofildebiT.

mix. TamarSvili, viTarca saqveyno saq-

mis uangaro msaxuri, romelmac “samSoblos

Seswira ara Tu Sroma, aramed zneobrivi da

qonebrivi ZalRonec” (al. xaxanaSvili),

Tavisi saqmianobiT, cxovrebiseuli mrwam-

siTa da interesebiT bunebrivad iyo dakav-

Sirebuli progresulad moazrovne qar-

Tvel inteligenciasTan; maT Soris iyvnen

mecnierebi, mxatvruli sityvis Semoqmedni,

sxva sazogado moRvaweni, agreTve misi naR-

vawis WeSmariti qomagni_damfasebelni:

dimitri baqraZe (pirvelma dauloca Se-

moqmedebiTi gza saqarTvelos istoriiT

dainteresebul axalgazrdas), aleqsandre

xaxanaSvili (pirvelma warudgina specia-

luri weriliT qarTvel sazogadoebas mixe-

il TamaraSvili, rogorc niWieri mkvleva-

ri da mecnieri, moupova pirveli sajaro

aRiareba), Tedo saxokia, aleqsandre caga-

reli, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili,

petre mirianaSvili, simon qvariani, an-

ton furcelaZe, zurab avaliSvili, mixa-

ko wereTeli, nikoloz RoRoberiZe, aleq-

sandre yifSiZe, aleqsandre sarajiSvili,

iakob nikolaZe da mravali sxva.

mixeil TamaraSvili gaxldaT ucxoeT-

Si qarTvelTa keTili maspinZeli: zogs sa-

istorio wyaroebis moZieba-dazustebaSi

exmareboda, zogsac _ yofiTi problemebis

mogvarebaSi: “romSi misi bina qarTvelTa

namdvil Sesakrebsa da saTaTbiro salons

warmoadgenda... visac mniSvnelovani ram

45

dasWirdeboda evropaSi, rCevasa da daxma-

rebas pirvel rigSi TamaraSvils sTxovda

da igic didis gulmodginebiT asrulebda

yovelgvar davalebas” (S. lomsaZe); gansa-

kuTrebiT mzrunvelobda evropaSi saswav-

leblad wasul qarTvel axalgazrdobas

(bevrs finansuradac Seeweoda xolme), Ti-

Teul maTgans malimal Seaxsenebda TavianT

mamuliSvilur vals, Sromis siyvaruls da

Tan ganumartavda: “valdebuleba mudam sia-

movnebaze maRla unda iyos dayenebuli...

RvTis ZaliT Cveni erTaderTi batoni da

mbrZanebeli mxolod saqarTvelo unda

iyos, da kacic imas qvia, vinc saqarTvelos

nebasurvilze ivlis da ara Tavis nebasur-

vilzeda”.

* * *

aseTi gaxlavT Cveneuli TvaliT dana-

xuli mix. TamaraSvili _ sulierad amaRle-

buli da bunebiTi TvisebebiT RvTismosavi,

sanimuSo kaTolike moZRvari, samSoblosa

da mecnierebis msaxurebas TavSewiruli; ke-

TilSobili, Tavmdabali pirovneba; gulis-

xmieri megobari. ioli rodi iyo misi cxov-

rebis gza: mudmivi ekonomiuri xelmokleo-

ba (magram saocrad guluxvi saqveyno saqmi-

saTvis), zogjer daumsaxurebeli gulis-

tkena axlobelTagan; yoveldRiuri yofiTi

problemebis gamo sakvlevaZiebo muSaobaSi

xelisSeSlac da misT., magram RvTisagan mo-

madlebulma mtkice nebisyofam, miznisaken

dauokebelma swrafvam SeaZlebina XIX sau-

kuneSi qarTvelTagan pirvels moexila ev-

46

ropis didi qalaqebis wignsacavebi da axali

saintereso furclebi Caewera qarTul ma-

tianeSi, ucxoeTis didi qveynebis istori-

ografiisTvis miewodebina ucnobi masalebi

qarTvelTa mravalsaukunovani arsebobis

istoriidan ...

rogorc wesi, xSirad xdeba, rom pirov-

nebas sicocxleSi zogjer ver Tu ar xeda-

ven mTlianobaSi. albaT, sxva mizezTa gar-

da, dro-Jamsac ucdian mavanis Rvawlisa

Tu, saerTod, saqmianobis Sesafaseblad,

gardacvalebis Semdeg ki TiTqos axlad aR-

moaCenen mas ...

sabednierod, TamaraSvili qarTvelma

ganaTlebulma sazogadoebam sicocxleSive

aRiara gamoCenil mecniermkvlevrad, qar-

Tuli presa 1890- iani wlebidan moyolebu-

li 1920—ian wlebamde sistematurad aqvey-

nebda rogorc mixeilis naSromebs, ise maT-

Tan dakavSirebul sxvaTa publikaciebs. ma-

Sin aravin uyurebda sxva TvaliT, rom igi

iyo sasuliero piri, isic kaTolike. piri-

qiT, im periodis mowinave inteligencia di-

dad afasebda qarTvel kaTolikeTa _ WeS-

mariti eriskacebis Rvawls mSobeli qveyni-

sa da xalxis sakeTildReod, arasodes Seu-

taniaT eWvi maTs mamuliSvilobaSi, qarTve-

lobaSi; aravin aigivebda aRmsareblobasa

da erovnulobas...

magram dadga axali periodi saqarTve-

los istoriaSi. sabWoTa xelisuflebam sa-

zogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi

daamkvidra Tavisi wesebi da kanonebi; rac

mTavaria, yvelaferi Zveli daviwyebas unda

47

miscemoda da CaTvliliyo dromoWmulad

“axlis” fonze ...

pirvel rigSi daiwyo brZola religiis

winaaRmdeg, sastikad uswordebodnen sasu-

liero pirebs, mniSvneloba ar hqonda, igi

marTlmadidebeli mRvdeli iyo, Tu kaTo-

like. am process male mohyva 1937 weli da,

vin icis, ramdeni didebuli qarTveli _

cnobili mecnieri Tu sxva sferos muSaki _

Seewira am wlebs... am dros gansakuTrebiT

saSiS pirovnebebad da qveynis moRalatee-

bad iTvlebodnen ucxoeTSi ganaTlebamiRe-

buli Tu iq moRvawe qarTvelebi, romleb-

sac aekrZalaT samSobloSi dabruneba (amis

gamo qarTveli inteligenciis saukeTeso

nawili emigrantebad iqca da mimoifanta

sazRvargareTis qveynebSi).

sabWouri cenzura winandelze ufro

mkacri gamodga, moqmedebda winaswar daka-

nonebuli CarCoebiT. ase iyo mecniereba-

Sic. albaT, arsebuli viTarebis gaTvalis-

winebiT mavani da mavani Tavsac aaridebda

Cveni WeSmariti istoriis zogierTi fur-

clis gaxsenebas, miT umetes, veRar gabedav-

da sasuliero piris naSromebis aSkarad win

wamowevas...

amitom gasakviric ar aris, rom XX sau-

kunis 70-ian wlebamde (sabWoTa epoqaSi) mi-

xeil TamaraSvilis saxeli sazogadoebis

farTo wrisaTvis, miT ufro axalgazrdo-

bisaTvis naklebad iyo cnobili. am garemoe-

bas uTuod isic Seuwyobda xels, rom mixe-

il TamaraSvilis pirveli da meore wigni

(dabeWdili XX saukunis dasawyisSi) bibli-

48

ografiul iSviaTobas warmoadgenda, mesame

ki qarTulad arc iyo Targmnili.

miuxedavad aseTi mkacri politikisa,

ganaTlebuli sazogadoebis mcire nawili,

romelsac kargad moexseneboda mixeil Tama-

raSvilisa da misi msgavsi eriskacebis udi-

desi damsaxureba mSobeli qveynis winaSe, ma-

Ti naSromebis mniSvneloba-Rirebuleba,

frTxilad mainc exeboda istoriis fur-

clebs da cdilobda maTs gamomzeurebas.

Tumca, SeiZleba iTqvas, aseTi iSviaTi mcde-

loba mxolod “zRvaSi wveTi” Tu iqneboda

mix. TamaraSvilis pirovnebisa da misi Rvaw-

lis jerovani dafaseba-aRiarebisaTvis.

. . . aseT viTarebaSi gadioda dro, wlebi

erTmaneTs cvlida, magram Turme ufali

arc maSin iviwyebda Tavis rCeuls da kidec

miuZRvna uxvi saCuqari — ucxoeTSi miusaf-

rad STenils mouvlina axali Wirisufali,

mzrunveli patroni rezo TabukaSvilis

saxiT. amieridan am ori WeSmariti qarTve-

lis saxelebi ise mWidrod daukavSirda er-

TmaneTs, rom mix. TamaraSvilze fiqrisas

SeuZlebelia umal ar mogagondes rezo Ta-

bukaSvili, romlis cxovreba da uangaro

msaxureba qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi

mudam darCeba saintereso da sanimuSo

furclebad. . .

marTlac fasdaudebelia r. TabukaSvi-

lis Rvawli mix. TamaraSvilis neStis ita-

liidan samSobloSi gadmosvenebasTan da-

kavSirebiT. SeuZlebelia auRelveblad wai-

49

kiTxo da mSralad aRiqva am movlenis amsax-

veli uamravi masala. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT

STambeWdavia batoni rezos dokumenturi

filmi “kvali naTeli”, romelic uSualo

gulwrfelobiT warmoaCens am ori didi pi-

rovnebis marTlac naTel kvals da aseTad

aRibeWdeba TiToeuli Cvenganis sulSic.

mix. TamaraSvilis samSobloSi dabru-

neba baton rezos sanukvar ocnebad yofila

qceuli, magram, rogorc irkveva, am keTil-

Sobiluri misiis aRsrulebas dasWirda

warmoudgeneli Sroma, Zalisxmeva, gambeda-

oba da riski... saocrad xifaTiani da uamra-

vi dabrkolebiT aRsavse iyo TiToeuli misi

nabiji TamaraSvilisaken mimaval gzaze ko-

munisturi reJimis zeobis periodSi, gasu-

li saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi.

da mainc ukan ar ixevda b-ni rezo; moT-

minebiT, rudunebiT miiwevda win da swamda,

rom mizans aucileblad miaRwevda. aki Ta-

vadac xSirad ambobda Turme, RmerTi mexma-

reba am saqmeSio. swored am SemarTebam, siy-

varulma aqcia 1978 wlis Semodgoma metad

baraqiani, uxvi, naTeli sxivebiTa da madli-

erebiT “daxunZluli” mix. TamaraSvilisaT-

vis. . . gana RvTiswyaloba ar iyo isic, rom

1978 wlis seqtemberSi mix. TamaraSvilis

saflavis gaxsna CivitavekiaSi daemTxva misi

dabadebis 120 wlisTavs.

r. TabukaSvilis pirovnuli portre-

tis naTelsayofad gvinda davimowmoT Ta-

maraSvilTan dakavSirebuli erTi sainte-

reso mogonebac: “rezo TabukaSvilma ita-

liaSi sakmao winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis

50

Semdeg maSindel komunistur xelisufle-

basTan SeuTanxmeblad saidumlod Camoas-

vena samSobloSi didi qarTvelis neSti, ase-

ve saidumlod ramdenime kvira inaxavda

neSts xelovnebis muzeumSi, raTa daecva

avismqmnelebisgan. radgan aravin wyvetda

mixeil TamaraSvilis dakrZalvis sakiTxs,

b-ni rezo iZulebuli gaxda, sazogadoebi-

saTvis televiziiT emcno neStis Camosvene-

bis ambavi. swored bedis dacinvaa. samSob-

los Sewiruls samSobloSi dakrZalvis ne-

basac ar aZlevdnen!

baton rezos m. TamaraSvilis neStis Ca-

mosvenebasTan dakavSirebiT Tbilisis sa-

zogadoebam Sexvedra mouwyo. roca igi sce-

naze gamoCnda, me fexze wamovdeqi, xalxic

amyva da mquxare taSi dascxo. netav vis wa-

moudgnen fexze, an vis ukravdnen taSs? ba-

ton mixeils, Tu baton rezos? uTuod ori-

ves erTad!

mix. TamaraSvilis neStis gadmosveneba

samSobloSi erT-erTi naTeli epizodia re-

vaz TabukaSvilis cxovrebisa” (`gamoCenil

adamianTa cxovrebis epizodebis sakiTxa-

vni ymawvilTaTvis~, 16, Tb., 2008, gv. 132-133).

madlierebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom ase-

Ti naTeli epizodebi sxvac bevria r. Tabu-

kaSvilis moRvaweobaSi (saqmianobaSi). ami-

tomac igi, rogorc mSobeli qveynis didi

(gulwrfeli) Wirisufali, mzrunveli pat-

roni, uangaro qomagi, qveynis movla-pat-

ronobis didi tradiciis gamgrZelebeli

samarTlianadaa aRiarebuli i l i a W a v W a -

v a Z i s , m i x e i l T a m a r a S v i l i s , i v . j a -

51

v a x i S v i l i s , e q v T i m e T a y a i S v i l i s ...

Rirseul memkvidred (j. Rvinjilia). isic

simboluria, rom es ori amagdari Svili er-

TmaneTis gverdiT ganisvenebs mweralTa da

sazogado moRvaweTa didubis panTeonSi.

. . . 1978 wlidan istoriografiaSi namdvi-

li Semobruneba daiwyo TamaraSvilTan

mimarTebiT. im periodis presa CvenSi Seda-

rebiT Tavisuflad laparakobda m. TamaraS-

vilis mecnieruli memkvidreobisa da Rvaw-

lis Sesaxeb. neStis dakrZalvis dRes far-

To sazogadoebas zogadad acnobdnen Tama-

raSvils _ Cveni warsulis erTgul meisto-

ries. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es iyo saxelova-

ni Tanamemamulis gaxsenebis pirveli cda

sabWoTa sinamdvileSi... da mainc, TamaraS-

vilis piradi werilebi, istoriuli doku-

mentebi, gasuli saukunis perioduli presa

Tu sxva saxis saarqivo masalebi mouTmen-

lad elodnen axal gulSematkivars, pi-

ruTvnel mematianes, romelic XX saukunis

80-iani wlebis saqarTvelos gaacnobda Ta-

maraSvilis cxovreba-saqmianobis ufro

srulyofil istorias...

sabednierod, es keTili misia ikisra

cnobilma istorikosma SoTa lomsaZem da

sabolood 1984 wels saxelovani Tanamema-

mule qarTvel mkiTxvels ufro axlos

gaacno SesaniSnavi monografiiT “mixeil

TamaraSvili da qarTveli kaTolikeni”. es

samecniero naSromi, romelic dawerilia

mravlferovan dokumentur wyaroebze day-

52

rdnobiTa da XIX saukunisdroindeli sam-

xreT-saqarTvelos socialur-politikuri

da religiuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

iZleva uamrav informacias ara mxolod Ta-

maraSvilis, aramed maSindeli qarTveli in-

teligenciis Sesaxebac; ikiTxeba interesiT

da sasiamovnod. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom am wignma namdvilad gaacocxla Tama-

raSvili dRevandeli mkiTxvelisaTvis da

kvlavac miuCina damsaxurebuli adgili

qarTul istoriografiaSi: “TamaraSvilis

memkvidreoba sabolood Sevida qarTuli

istoriografiis oqros fondSi. . . TamaraS-

vili im mcirericxovan mkvlevarTa Soris

dgas, romelTa Semoqmedebam Seunelebeli

brZolisa da gautexeli nebisyofis cec-

xlSi gamoiara da momaval Taobebs did mem-

kvidreobasTan erTad simarTlis Tqmisa da

maRali zneobis Tvisebebic uanderZa. misi

Zala upirveles yovlisa mis simarTlesa da

sulis siwmindeSi mdgomareobda. am Zalam

moiyvana igi Cvenamde Seurcxveneli, pirna-

Teli da xelxvaviani” (S. lomsaZe).

... dasasrul, Tuki mTlianobaSi gaviaz-

rebT zemoTqmuls da erTxel kidev gavac-

nobierebT Cveni qveynis warsulsa da aw-

myos, albaT, eWvi aRar Segvepareba imaSic,

rom TamaraSvili da misi msgavsi mamuliSvi-

lebi, romelTac saerTo erovnul saqmeze

zrunva upirveles movaleobad miaCndaT,

uflis rCeulebi iyvnen, movlenilni sagan-

gebo daniSnulebiT, keTili misiiT.

53

. . . ase nel-nela Caifurcla gonebaSi mix.

TamaraSvilis cxovrebis wigni. fiqriT er-

Txel kidev gadavikiTxe misi naSromebi da

usazRvrod madlieri vemSvidobebi am sama-

galiTo mkvlevarsa da gamorCeul pirovne-

bas im imediT, rom drodadro kvlavac Se-

vexmiano gonebrivi sazrdosa da sulieri

simSvidis mosapoveblad.

seqtemberi, 2011 w.

54

mxatvari giorgi laSqareiSvili

gamomcemloba `universali~

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, �: 222 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30

E-mail: universal@internet.ge