zurab vaxaniadl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/qapvols/qav_v7_8.pdf · 2019-10-24 · mfg qartvelologiis...

mfg qarTvelologiis aqtualuri problemebi

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zurab vaxania

skolaSi gramatikisa da literaturis

SemoqmedebiTi swavleba

fsiqologiis TvalsazrisiT

1. skolaSi gramatikis SemoqmedebiTi swavleba

kargadaa cnobili gramatikis swavlebis mTavari fsiqologiuri siZnele: gramatika efuZneba abstraqtul da umetesad bundovan cnebaTa rTul safexurebriv sistemas; amasTan, am cnebaTa did umravlesobas ara aqvs TvalsaCino sayrdenebi. amitom gramatikis swavleba sam-magad Znelia. 1) Znelia moswavlis daintereseba (gansakuT-rebuli midrekilebis mqone bavSvebis garda); 2) gavrce-lebuli meTodikebi Zalian cudia, xolo bavSvisTvis Sesa-ferisi saxelmZRvanelo ubralod ar arsebobs; 3) didi problemebia TviT dargis mecnieruli gaazrebis mxriv. ra dros swavlebis meTodikaa, rodesac is araa wesierad garkveuli, Tu ras vaswavliT (vaxania, 2003: 38-45).

am siZnelis gadalaxvis gzebis Ziebas mravali gamok-vleva mieZRvna. maTi Sedegebi SeiZleba ase Sejamdes (vaxania, 2003: 45-55): araa gamarTlebuli gramatikuli cnebebis damyareba Sinaarseul naSanTvisebebze (radganac amis Semdeg bavSvs gauWirdeba sityvis Sinaarsisgan ganyeneba _ es ki gramatikisTvis mTavaria); xSirad araa gamarTlebuli gramatikuli cnebebis damyareba arc sakuT-riv gramatikuli TvalsazrisiT arsebiT naSanTvisebebze (xSirad isini mxolod mogvianebiT SeiZleba gacnobier-des); cnebebis swavleba unda daemyaros sagangebod moZeb-nil TvalsaCino-formalur niSanTvisebebs (anu im for-malur niSanTvisebebs, romlebic Cans sityvisa Tu winada-debis `TvalsaCino~ daSliT, urTierTSedarebiT an sxva moqmedebebiT daweril sityvebze). praqtikam aCvena, rom amgvari swavleba marTlac saukeTesoa. maTematikuri cnebebis flobaze Cven mier Catarebulma sagangebo gamok-vlevam warmoaCina, rom amgvari swavlebisas bavSvi jer eufleba ara TviT cnebas, aramed mis Sesabamis zogad warmodgenas _ cneba ki am dros gaucnobierebeli rCeba (vaxania, 2012: 91). Cven mier damuSavebuli aqtiuri mzaobis meTodika ki damatebiT moiTxovs, rom zogadi warmodgenebis dauflebac moxdes mxoloddamxolod aqti-ur-problemurad, sagangebo mravalferovani Semamzadebeli amocanebis amoxsnis gziT, maT Soris _ gramatikaSic (vaxania, 2013: 231-236).

amgvari swavlebis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa ori

Actual Problems of Kartvelology 71

meTodikuri siZnelis gadalaxva: TviTeuli cnebisTvis unda moiZebnos misi TvalsaCino-formaluri niSanTvisebebi da unda Sedges saTanado mravalmxriv Semamzadebel amo-cana-davalebaTa wyeba.

gramatika tipuri akademiuri, abstraqtul cnebaTa sistemaze dafuZnebuli dargia. magram am cnebaTa gan-martebebi Zalian bundovani da logikurad winaaRmdegob-rivia. amitom moswavle Tu studenti iZulebuli xdeba, rom cnebebi da wesebi uazrod, sqolastikurad gaize-piros. am pirobebSi ki Teoriuli gramatikis swavleba uazro xdeba _ sqolastikuri swavleba gramatikis SeZu-lebas iwvevs (maT Soris momavali filologebis umrav-lesobis mxrivac ki); Tanac, ganviTarebis nacvlad, abrko-lebs bavSvis logikur azrovnebas (vaxania, 2012: $6). amas jobia, mxolod praqtikuli gramatikiT SemovifargloT (mxolod marTlwera-marTlmetyvelebis mizniT).

yovelive amis kanonzomieri Sedegi isaa, rom Teoriu-li gramatika, arsebiTad, aRaraa umaRles saswavleblebSi misaRebi gamocdebis programebSi. axalgazrda ise SeiZleba gaxdes filologiis mimarTulebis studenti, rom srule-biT ar icodes Teoriuli gramatikis sakvanZo cnebebic ki. es yovlad dauSvebelia.

mSobliuri enis Teoriuli gramatika uaRresad mniSvnelovani aramarto marTlwerisa da marTlmetyvele-bisTvisaa: saamisod savsebiT sakmarisi iqneboda mxolod praqtikuli gramatika da Teoriuli gramatikis minimumi (riTac unda Semoifarglos kidec ucxo enis gramatika). magram mSobliuri enis Teoriul gramatikas TavisTavadi Rirebuleba aqvs _ mSobliuri enis siRrmiseul kanon-zomierebaTa gasaazreblad. oRond am miznisaTvis grama-tika unda iswavlebides ara viTarc bundovani da xSirad logikurad gaumarTavi wesebis wyeba, aramed kvleviT-SemoqmedebiTad _ swored siRrmiseul kanonzomierebaTa mkafio logikuri gaazrebis gamiznulobiT. aseTi swavle-bis SemTxvevaSi mSobliuri enis Teoriuli gramatika Zalian Seuwyobs xels moswavlis logikur-verbaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebas, rac zogadi inteleqtis mTavari Semadgenelia (vaxania, 2009: $4).

ufro metic. erTi mxriv, Cveulebriv adamiani enas ise iyenebs, rom mis formebs arc ki acnobierebs. magram, meore mxriv, mSobliuri enis Teoriuli gramatikis swav-la pirdapiri gzaa enisa da metyvelebis gaazrebisken. es ki bunebrivad grZeldeba azrovnebis gaazrebiTac, radgan logikuri azrovnebis mTavari forma mSobliur enaze


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Sida metyvelebaa. maSasadame, mSobliuri enis Teoriuli gramatika zogadad metakogniciur unarCvevaTa safuZvelia da am mxrivac aqvs mas udidesi mniSvnelovneba.

es yovelive _ gramatikis swavlebis `maRali” daniS-nulebaa. aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania praqtikuli da-niSnulebac _ upirvelesad, esaa teqstis gasworebis (ro-gorc enobrivi, ise azrobrivi Tu stilistikuri redaq-tirebis) unarCvevaTa ganviTareba. amaze ki TiTqmis ar xdeba mizanmimarTuli mecadineoba arc skolaSi da, sxvaTa Soris, arc filologiis fakultetebze. saWiroa, rom dawyebiTi klasebidanve moswavle moeCvios aramarto gamarTulad weras, aramed agreTve sxvis daweril teq-stSi Secdomebisa Tu xarvezebis moZebnas da gasworeba-daxvewasac, Semdeg ki dasabuTebas _ cxadia, arsebuli gramatikuli codnis farglebSi.

amitom saswavlo standartebSi mkafiod unda iyos miTiTebuli, rom aucilebelia gramatikis sistematuri, sistemuri da erTianad gaazrebuli kursi (literaturas-Tan gaerTianebis miuxedavad); am kursSi mTavari unda iyos cnebaTa namdvili gaazreba da kanonzomierebaTa aR-moCena, zogadad kvleviT-SemoqmedebiTi midgoma. skolis TviTeuli safexurisTvis unda dadgindes gramatikis sa-valdebulo minimumi, yvela grifirebuli saswavlo kursi da saxelmZRvanelo safuZvlianad da sistemurad unda as-wavlides am minimumis yvela sakiTxs _ Tundac lite-raturasTan gaerTianebisas da Tundac calke swavlebisas.

Zalian arsebiTia asakobrivi misawvdomobis sakiTxic. raki Teoriuli gramatika Zalian abstraqtuli dargia, misi Tundac sawyisebis swavleba dauSvebelia V klasamde _ manamde saSualo bavSvis azrovneba xatobriv-asoci-aciuria da abstraqtuli operaciebis anu logikur-cne-biT dones ver aRwevs (vaxania, 2002: $6). ese igi tra-diciuli programa Zirfesvianad Sesacvlelia.

Cven namdvilad ar gvemeteba Teoriuli gramatika da misi gadarCena gvsurs. saamisod pirveli mizani wmindad mecnierulia (skolisgan damoukidebeli) _ esaa mkafiod ganmartebul cnebaTa logikuri, arawinaaRmdegobrivi sistemis ageba, raTa moazrovne moswavles mainc SeeZlos gramatikis gaazrebulad swavla. amis Semdeg dadgeba moswavleze orientirebuli meTodikisa da saxelmZRvane-loTa sakiTxi.

es uaRresad mravlismomcveli da Zneli samuSaoa. axla Cven mxolod pirvel konkretul nabijs gadavdgamT am mimarTulebiT.


gramatika formebis mecnierebaa (morfologia _ sit-yvis formebisa, sintaqsi _ frazebis/winadadebebis forme-bisa). es Rrma mecnieruli sakiTxia, romelic Tavdayira ayenebs gramatikis tradiciul agebas (vaxania, 2009: $15), agreTve _ swavlebis meTodikas. upirvelesad, mcdaria morfologiis dawyeba tradiciuli ”metyvelebis nawile-biT”. 1. mcdaria mecnierulad: sityvebis klasifikacia seman-tikis mixedviT ara morfologiis, aramed semasi-ologia-leqsikologiis saqmea. semantika formis sapirispiroa! Tanac es klasifikacia logikuri klasifikaciis vercerT kriteriums ver akmayofilebs. leqsikologiac uaRresad saWiroa, isic arasakmarisad iswavleba, magram morfo-logiaSi misi aRreva dauSvebelia! 2. mcdaria meTodikuradac: bavSvisTvis sityvisa Tu wina-dadebis Sinaarsi gacilebiT ufro Cveuli da axlobelia, vidre gramatikuli formebi. amitom semantikaze dafuZneba bavSvis azrovnebas mcdari, antigramatikuli mimarTulebiT ganawyobs. piriqiT _ Teoriuli gramatikis swavlebis meTodikis mTavari problema isaa, Tu rogor movwyvitoT bavSvis azrovneba Sinaarsis dones da, abstraqciiT, rogor gadaviyvanoT formebis doneze. ori magaliTi dawyebiTi klasebis programidan: I. morfologiidan. ratomaa mxolobiT ricxvSi sityvebi: aTasi, raodenoba, xalxi, fara, bevri da TviT mravali. gana es sityvebi„”erT sagans aRniSnavs”? (tradiciuli ulogiko, mcda-ri ganmarteba, semantikaze dafuZnebuli). II. sintaqsidan: _ ratomaa TxrobiTi winadadeba ”Zlier gabrazebulma mefem msaxurs gaCumeba ubrZana”. am winadadebaSi xom Zlieri grZnobacaa da brZanebac! meore mxriv ki mravali brZanebiTi winadadebaa, romlebsac Zaxilis niSani ar sWirdeba, magaliTad, davalebis in-struqciebisa: ”daasruleT es teqsti”, ”SeadgineT rvasit-yviani winadadeba”, ”es sityvebi anbanuri TanmimdevrobiT daalageT”. 3. gacilebiT ufro advilia morfologiuri cnebebis mkafio logikuri ganmarteba, vidre cnebebisa ”arsebiTi saxeli”, „”zedsarTavi saxeli” da sxva. magaliTad:

arsebiTi saxeli _ sagnis aRmniSvneli sityva. magram ra aris sagani? erTi ucnobi cnebis axsna sxva, uaresi ucnobi cnebiT logika ki ara, aramed motyuebaa. ”sagnis aRmniSvneli”, ”Tvisebis aRmniSvneli”, ”moqmedebis an mdgo-mareobis aRmniSvneli” ganmarteba ki ara, aramed uaresi gabundovaneba, garTuleba da CaxlarTvaa. gaurkvevelia,


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magaliTad, aris Tu ara arsebiTi saxelebi da ratom: bedi (”sagania”?) ubeduri? ubedureba? bedniereba? niv-Tiereba? albaToba? gantoleba? utoloba? siyvaruli? SiSi? sixaruli? saxelwodeba?... aris Tu ara zmnebi da ratom: maqvs (”mdgomareobaa?”) sirbili? sixaruli? moqmedeba? mdgomareoba? logikuri absurdi: Turme moqmedeba ar aRniSnavs moqmedebas da mdgomareoba ar aRniSnavs mdgomareobas (iseve rogorc mravali ar aRniSnavs simravles?!).

aseve, ratom araa ricxviTi saxelebi: ricxvi, raode-noba, wiladi, procenti? aris Tu ara arsebiTi saxeli mcuravi an sacurao? ratom? curva? sirbili? gadam-xtari? ratom araa zedsarTavi saxeli an zmna? xolo aTeuli Tu oceuli, iseve rogorc aTiani Tu oTxiani _ sinamdvileSi swored rom arsebiTi saxelebia (da ara _ ricxviTi).

ra aris ”sagani”? ra aris ”Tviseba”? ”mdgomareoba”? es urTulesi da sadavo filosofiur-fsiqologiuri prob-lemebia. aseve uazroa tradiciuli ”SekiTxvebis dasmis xerxi”. sruliad gaugebaria, ra SekiTxva davusvaT, maga-liTad, Semdeg sityvebs: gvidgas (Cven lamazi aveji); oTaxSi (vwer davalebas); saukuniT (CamorCeba); uco-dinari; uiaraRo...

xolo morfologiur cnebaTa mkafio logikuri gan-marteba 11-wliani bavSvisTvis gaazrebulad misawvdomic SeiZleba gaxdes kargi meTodikis saSualebiT. marTlac, morfologiur cnebebs (gansxvavebiT cnebebisgan ”sagani”, ”Tviseba” Tu„”mdgomareoba”) kargi TvalsaCino sayrdeni aqvs _ esaa sityvis forma da misi cvlilebis kanon-zomiereba _ Tuki winare klasebSi moswavles sakmaod ganuviTardeba praqtikuli formacvalebis unarCvevebi. magaliTad, Sesavsebi cxrilebi II-III klasebisTvis:


esaa praqtikuli gramatikis kvleviT-SemoqmedebiTi

swavleba, konstruqtivistul-evristikuli, aqtiuri mza-obis meTodikiT. amasTan, uaRresad mniSvnelovania sqemebis xSiri gamoyeneba.

logikur-cnebiTi anu abstraqtuli azrovnebis doneze (V-VI klasebidan) ukve Teoriul gramatikas viwyebT. sxvaTa Soris, fonetikac Zalian saintereso da saxaliso SeiZleba iyos, gansakuTrebiT _ etimologiasTan da qarTul-megrul-svanur“bgeraTSesatyvisobasTan erTad. Za-lian sainteresoa agreTve bgerwera (qarTvelur ena-kiloTa mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba!). magaliTad: - vin SeZlebs, gaaTamaSos, daxatos an aRweros moqmedeba: mijanjalebs, miwanwalebs, micancarebs, micunculebs,

miZunZulebs... kidev moigoneT sxva amgvari sityvebi. ra kanonzomierebas xedavT? rogo-ri bgerebi rogori bgerebiT SevanacvleT? - ras SeiZleba niSnavdes sityva bRarji? ras mogagonebT? aRwereT! visac surs, daxatos. riT gansxvavdeba misgan pyirwi? romeli ufro didia? rogoria fxlirTi? fxlorTi? ra kanonzomierebas xedavT? rogori bgerebi rogori bgerebiT SevanacvleT? kidev SecvaleT erTi-ori bgera da axali sityvebi moigoneT.

bavSvebisTvis Zalian saxalisoa amgvari sityvebis SeT-xzva da formiswarmoeba. - vinc SeZlebs, gaaTamaSos, daxatos an aRweros megruli sityvebi: mikvarkvalu, miqvarqvalu, migvargvalu, miwvan-wvalu... kidev SecvaleT erTi-ori bgera da axali sityvebi moigoneT.

morfologia sityvasityviT -„”formismcodneobaa”. magaliTad:

bRirj-i | bRirj-ma | bRirj-s...bRirj-is-ken | bRirj-ad-mde| bRirj-iT-gan... bRirj-is-ken-a-c... u-bRirj-o-d, bRirj-eb-Tan-a-c, bRirj-n-o, ga-sa-bRirj-eb-l-eb-Tan-a-c...


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Semajamebeli sqema am cxrils daumateT kidev ramdenime striqoni da

kanonzomierad SeavseT sxva Ziris mqone sityvebiT. aseve _ zmnisTvis: v-a-bRirj-eb | v-a-bRirj-e | ga-v-a-

bRirj-e | ga-v-a-bRirj-eb | ga-v-a-bRirj-eb-T ... ga-m-e-bRirj-eb-in-a, ga-m-a-bRirj-eb-in-a, Se-m-a-bRirj-eb-in-a, mo-m-a-bRirj-eb-in-a...

m-e-bRirj-eb-a: 1. is me mebRirjeba (mepranWeba-meWyanebasaviT); 2. axla ra mebRirjeba _ bRirjis gunebaze ara var! 3. xelSi TviTon mebRirjeba, Cemdauneburad

(SemomebRirja). SemdegTagan romeli fraza iqneboda yvelaze Sesa-

ferisi sadRegrZelosTvis? a) ra gaabRirjes?! b) ras ibRirjebi! g) ar gagvebRirjebinos! d) nu bRirjaobs! e) Tqveno ubRirjesobav!

saxumaro werilis dasawyisisTvis romels airCevdiT?

Semajamebeli sqema

am cxrils daumateT kidev ramdenime striqoni da

kanonzomierad SeavseT sxva Ziris mqone sityvebiT.


sityvebis sruli klasifikacia mxolod morfologiis dasrulebis Semdegaa upriani, Tanac upiratesad ara semantikur, aramed formobriv niSanTvisebebze damyarebiT. jer gamartivebulad anu gamonaklisTa ugulebelyofiT: saxeli = brunebadi sityva; zmna = uRlebadi sityva.

winadadebis sintaqsuri analizis davalebis nimuSi: mkvircxli mesefi sanTioboSi myis Sekvarkvalda da

soxaneze ganerTxa, raTa iq TebJorika ganeorZinebina.

SeadgineT aseTive sintaqsuri agebulebis mqone winadadeba, amdenive wevriT, oRond erTi gansxvavebiT _ masSi mizezisgaremoebiTi daqvemdebareba iyos. SeecadeT, yvela sityva sul sxva sityvebiT SecvaloT, Tanac gamoiyenoT ZvelqarTuli, kuTxuri an Tqven mier SeTxzuli sityvebi.

dabolos, saukeTesoa gramatikisa da literaturis in-tegrirebuli swavleba (maxaraZe, 2019).

2. skolaSi qarTuli literaturis swavlebis

problemebi

saskolo ganaTlebis pirvel da mTavar principad

oficialuradaa dakanonebuli moswavleze orientireba. es Zalian kargia, magram misi namdvili ganxorcielebisgan Zalian Sors varT. es upirvelesad saswavlo stan-dartebis Sesaxeb iTqmis. standartebis Semdgenlebi da eq-spertebi ganuwyvetliv bavSvis TvaliT unda afasebdnen sakiTxebs _ da ara sakuTari dargis viwro egocentruli xedviT. sazogadod, moswavleze orientirebis safuZveli fsiqologizmia, pedagogikuri fsiqologiis kargi speci-alistis gareSe is ver ganxorcieldeba. kerZo dargebis eqspertebi ki fsiqologizms, rogorc wesi, ewinaaR-mdegebian.

literaturis swavlebis uzenaesi mizani isaa, rom mos-wavles mxatvruli literatura, zogadad wignis kiTxva


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SevayvaroT; moswavle esTetikuri siamovnebis miRebas mieCvios (vaxania, 2003: 121-122). saamisod aucilebelia, rom moswavlisTvis teqstis wakiTxva siamovnebasTan iyos SekavSirebuli. xolo Tuki teqstebis wakiTxva moswav-lisTvis usiamovnoa, maSin moswavles literatura, mwer-loba da TviT mwerlebic ki Sesjavrdeba.

es gansakuTrebiT mZafrad saWirboroto amJamadaa _ rodesac wigns, teqsts mZlavri dauZinebeli mteri gamo-uCnda _ yvelganmyofi ekrani (vaxania, 2002: 41-45).

yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, saswavlo programis na-warmoebTa SerCevisas mTavaria nawarmoebis Sesaferisoba konkretuli asakis bavSvisTvis. ufro metic, maRali donis Tanamedrove meTodika moswavlis individualur Taviseburebebsac ki iTvaliswinebs _ moswavlis mzaobis dones, agreTve interesebsa da saswavlo profils (diferencirebuli swavlebis meTodika). CvenTvis es ma-Rali done jer naadrevia. amJamad is mainc unda SevZloT, rom nawarmoebi asakobrivad mainc iyos Sesaferisi saTa-nado klasis tipuri warmomadgenlisTvis.

asakobrivi Sesaferisoba moicavs Semdeg kriteriumebs: I. teqstis ena (leqsika da gramatikuli formebi)

misawvdomia zomieri Semzadebis Semdeg; II. nawarmoebis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebani

maswavleblis mier `gamokirkitebisa da gadaReWvis gareSe aRZravs Sesabamis grZnobebs bavSvis gulSi”;

III. nawarmoebis Sinaarsi sainteresoa, exmianeba bavSvis Sinagan samyaros; teqstis wakiTxvis procesSi aqti-uria bavSvis warmosaxva;

IV. nawarmoebis wakiTxvis Semdeg bavSvs sasiamovno gancda rCeba;

V. nawarmoebi xels uwyobs bavSvis esTetikur ganvi-Tarebas. I-IV kriteriumebis ugulebelyofa pirdapir iwvevs

moswavleze orientirebulobis savaldebulo principis

darRvevas. amis ufleba ki aravis ar aqvs. lite-

ratura unda iyos bavSvisTvis da ara bavSvi _ lite-

raturisTvis.

am TvalsazrisiT Cvens skolebSi savalalo mdgo-mareobaa. im bavSvebsac ki, romlebsac uyvarT mxatvruli literaturis kiTxva (Sinagani midrekilebisa Tu ojaxis wyalobiT), qarTuli literatura ar uyvarT, xSirad ki, samwuxarod, ejavrebaT. amas Cven mier Catarebuli ramde-nime sagangebo gamokiTxva adasturebs. es zogadi kanonzo-mierebaa: moswavleze orientirebulobis principis ugule-


belyofis gamo bavSvebs ejavrebaT gramatika, maTematika, fizika, geografia Tu istoria (vaxania, 2012: $5).

tradiciul saswavlo programebSi nawarmoebTa udi-desi umravlesoba arRvevs I da II kriteriumebs. umcire-soba am I da II kriteriumebs ar arRvevs, magram maTi udidesi umravlesoba III da IV kriteriumebs arRvevs. nawarmoebs mozardis cnobierebis TvalsazrisiT unda SevxedoT. nawarmoebis teqsti romc sruliad misawvdomi iyos, mozards ar ainteresebs is Sinaarsi, romelSic mo-wifuli asakis zrdasrulTa problemebia mTavari. 40 wlis adamiani mozardisTvis ukve `beberia”. mozardis az-rTa msvleloba daaxloebiT aseTia: `geTanxmebiT _ roca mec davberdebi, SeiZleba es problemebi mec gamiCndes; magram es problemebi merec meyofa. axla ki bebrebis problemebi ar maRelvebs da ar mainteresebs; ver gamigia, Tavs ratom maxvevT Tqvens problemebs...”

mozardebis did umravlesobas hyofnis zrdiloba, xaTri da TanagrZnoba, raTa amgvari azrebi ufrosTa ga-sagonad ar gamoxatos; mravali maTgani amgvar azrebs Tavis Tavsac ki umalavs da qvecnobierSi gandevnis (cno-bierebis cenzuris moqmedebaa). magram literaturis Sejav-reba (Tu sulac SeZuleba) mainc gardauvalia.

mxatvruli literatura, sxva sagnebTan SedarebiT, met, ufro farTo zegavlenas axdens moswavleze, uSualod exeba ra mis pirovnulobas. amis gamo, erTi mxriv, lite-raturas udidesi aRmzrdelobiTi Zala aqvs. is aramarto esTetikur ganviTarebasa da wignierebis unarCvevaTa gan-viTarebas unda emsaxurebodes, aramed agreTve pirovnebis Camoyalibebas, mis zneobriv, patriotul, ekologiur aRzrdas da SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebas. Sesabamisad, Tuki moswavles uaryofiTi damokidebuleba uyalibdeba literaturis mimarT, es damokidebuleba, samwuxarod da saubedurod, mxolod literaturiT ar ifargleba _ is im maRal faseulobebzec vrceldeba, romlebic naswavl nawarmoebebSia.

es yovelive yvelaze mwvaved VII-IX klasebSi iCens Tavs. esaa gardatexis asakis yvelaze mwvave da rTuli xana, rodesac mozards yvelaze metad ezareba swavla; rodesac uazrod Wirveulobs da jiutobs; misi suli maWariviT duRs da gonebaSi fiqrebis, ocnebebis, SiSebisa da eWve-bis korianteli utrialebs; misi mTavari Rirebulebebia: TviTdamkvidreba, amboxi, megobroba, siyvaruli, seqsi, sain-tereso Tavgadasavali, gambedaoba, cxovrebaSi warmateba


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da avtoriteti, sicocxlis sixaruli... (jansaR SemTxveva-Si!) (vaxania, 2012: $11).

am mxriv qarTul literaturaSi umZimesi viTarebaa. romc moxerxdes asakobrivad misawvdomi teqstebis SerCeva, saqarTvelos istoriuli bedukuRmarTobis gamo, nawarmo-ebTa udidesi umravlesoba mozardisTvis Savbnelia: tanjva, vaeba, sevda, martviloba, tragedia, sikvdili, sikvdili, sikvdili, sikvdili, sikvdili...

bunebrivia, mozards Sesjavrdeba qarTuli literatura. magaliTad, saqarTvelos ganaTlebis erTerTma ministrma aSkaradac ki Tqva, qarTuli literaturis zogi saxe-lovani nawarmoebi `istoriis sanagvezea” gadasagdebio. magram, saubedurod, Sedegebi kidev ufro savalaloa: moswavleebs uaryofiTi damokidebuleba uyalibdebaT swored im faseulobaTa mimarT, romelTa pativiscemasac unda wesiT emsaxurebodes qarTuli literatura: zneob-rioba, uangaroba, patriotizmi, sazogadod maRali ide-alebis erTguleba...

marTlac, ra Segnebas vunergavT mozards? mas Rrmad gaujdeba maxinjuri asociaciuri wre: `qarTuli lite-ratura _ tragedia _ ubedureba _ zneobrioba _ tan-jva _ martviloba _ patriotizmi _ sevda _ sulis ga-marjveba _ sikvdili _ qarTuli literatura”. mokled da martivad rom vTqvaT: `maRali idealebis erTguli adamiani, Tumca gaitanjeba da daiRupeba, magram suliT mainc gaimarjvebs, radgan ... ....”. magram mozardi, maT So-ris yvelaze gonieri mozardic ki, fiqrobs: `ras mTa-vazobT? cxovrebaSi martvilobis gzis arCevas? ara, ba-tono, martviloba, zneoba, patriotizmi da maRali ide-alebi TqvenTvis daitoveT, me ki saxaruliT aRsasve cxov-reba mirCevnia...”

is xom jer bavSvia da kidev 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi iqne-ba bavSvi. taniT didic rom iyos da zrdasruliviT rom iqceodes da saubrobdes, 18 wlamde is mainc bavSvia. saqarTvelos didi ubedureba ori ukiduresobis absur-duli rkalia: erTi mxriv, aviwydebaT, rom 17 wlis mo-zardi sinamdvileSi jer kidev bavSvia; meore mxriv ki 25-30 wlis axalgazrdas `bavSvad moixsenieben da bavSviviT epyrobian (`gamocdebi kargad CavabareT, `mkurnalobas viw-yebT...). moqalaqeebis, gansakuTrebiT ki mamakacebis undi-loba (infantilizmi) saqarTvelos erTerTi umTavresi ubedurebaa. amaSi mTavari damnaSave ojaxia, Tumca skola cecxlze navTs asxams. gadatvirTuli da gadarTulebuli saswavlo programebiT Trgunavs bavSvs, mas arasrulfa-


sovnebis Rrma grZnobas umkvidrebs (fsiqologiaSi amas `daswavlili umweoba” ewodeba); winaaRmdegobis gabeduli da medgari gadalaxvis nacvlad gayalbebasa da, arsebiTad, korufcias aCvevs (viTom niSnebs rom iRebs da viTom gamocdebs rom abarebs); namdvili saqmis keTebis nacvlad pasuxismgeblobisgan gaZromis xrikebSi wafavs; piradi Rirsebis, samoqalaqo da patriotuli Segnebis Camoyali-bebis nacvlad advili cuRluturi gzebiT gaiZverobas aCvevs (vaxania, 2012: $12).

saswavlo programaSi dauSvebelia iseTi nawarmoebi, romelic I-II kriteriumebs ar akmayofilebs. klasikur Tu axal qarTul literaturaSi arcTu ise mravlad gvaqvs mozardisTvis asakobrivad Sesaferisi nawarmoebebi, amitom SigadaSig SeiZleba vaswavloT iseTi nawarmoebi, romelic III-IV kriteriumebs ar akmayofilebs _ meti gza araa. magram aseT nawarmoebTa wili SeiZleba iyos araumetes 25-30 %-isa. Tanac isini erTmaneTis miyolebiT ar unda vaswavloT.

dabolos, fsiqologiisgan damoukidebladac, TviT Cve-ni sasaxelo winaprebisTvis rom gvekiTxa, 12-15 wlis bav-SvebisTvis Tu werdnen isini TavianT Sedevrebs, ras gvi-pasuxebdnen?

damowmebuli literatura:

vaxania... 2009: vaxania, z. gabunia, k. maxaraZe, T. qarTuli filologia, t. 1., Tb., 2009. vaxania, 2003: vaxania, z. qarTuli enis SemoqmedebiTi swavleba, Tb., 2003. vaxania, 2012: vaxania, z. ganaTlebis fsiqologia, Tb., 2012. vaxania, 2013: vaxania, z. ganwyobis Teoria, azrovnebis fsiqologia da swavlebis meTodika; saqarTvelos fsiqologiis macne, Tb., 2013. vaxania, 2002: Ваханиа З. Современное образование: Книга и

Экран. - "Журнал Евроазиатских исследований", Москва-2002, # 3. maxaraZe... 2019: vaxania, z. maxaraZe, T. qarTuli enisa da literaturis gaerTianebuli swavleba; _ Jurnalis amave nomerSi.


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Zurab Vakhania

Creative Teaching of Grammar and Literature in School from

Psychological Viewpoint

Creative and logically comprehended learning of morphology must be

based on visual foundation of the morphological concept - formal visual

features. For reasoning such features, practical skills of modification of

word forms must be developed in primary grades. Using these skills,

pupils will fulfill special preparatory stage task items. This will help him

to comprehend the essence of abstract concept to be learned. From

methodological viewpoint, it is extremely valuable to teach engaging

historical-etymological phonetic. However, the main precondition is novel

scientific construction of grammar on logically accurate and

noncontradictory system of concepts. First of all, it is erroneous to begin

morphology with traditional "Parts of speech".

Teaching Georgian belles-lettres literature in schools ignores

viewpoint of teenager. Georgian literature is associated with tragedy and

death for the youth. Negative attitude towards Georgian literature is the

regular consequence of this; moreover - negative attitude towards the high

spiritual values, which are represented in belles-lettres. In order to

improve the situation, it's necessary to establish main criteria of choosing

the belles-lettres texts included in curriculum: that teenager should be able

to read majority of these texts with temperate effort, comprehension and

they should get pleasure out of this process.

zurab vaxaniadl.sangu.edu.ge/pdf/qapvols/qav_v7_8.pdf · 2019-10-24 · mfg qartvelologiis...

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