7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj 

K M T Z 8 > :

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Atxpzaclaf gd`lahmvdzaed mf pbd :>11

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :

 Ajxpzahp 

Pblx zd~mzp hmfpalfx pbd zdxtcpx af` hmfhctxlmfx `dzlvd` ozmg a xpt`| mf pbd `d~lhplmf mo pbd

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Oalzoar Gd`la ' af` Atxpzaclaf Jzma`haxplfe Hmz~mzaplmf "AJH, mfclfd `lvlxlmfx ozmg Ga|

:8 pm Ktfd ?# :>11& A pmpac mo 81 azplhcdx udzd afac|xd` tf`dz a hmfxpzthpd` hzlpdzla af`

fmpajcd hmfhctxlmfx udzd eapbdzd`& 

Mvdzacc# pbd AJH zd~mzpd` ap pbd `dodfhd mo pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d af` jmpb faplmfx lfvmcvd`#

lf`lhaplfe pbd fdd` omz zdomzg pm pbd pza`d# fmp a jaf& Mf pbd hmfpzaz|# ahzmxx acc xdhpmzx mo 

afac|xlx# pbd XGB omhtxd` mf dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf ulpblf pbd pza`d# ulpb ozdqtdfp`dxhzl~plmfx ajmtp pbd bazg lfoclhpd` mfpm Atxpzaclaf clvdxpmhi# acmfe ulpb a cdrlhac xp|cd pbap

lg~cld` pbd lggd`lapd fdd` omz tzedfp zdomzg mz hdxxaplmf mo pbd ~zahplhd& Pbd jleedxp

~mcazlxaplmf mo zdxtcpx uax pbd xmtzhdx hlpd`# ulpb pbd AJH oavmtzlfe clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz|

dg~cm|ddx ax m~~mxd` pm pbd XGB oavmtzlfe ~mclplhlafx&

Pbdxd zdxtcpx haf jd lfpdz~zdpd` lf `loodzdfp ua|x j| dahb lf`lvl`tac# jtp mfd clfdaz

hmfhctxlmf lx pbap pbd emvdzfgdfp'otf`d` gd`la mtpcdp ‘ pbd AJH ‘ hagd pm pbd `dodfhd mo 

pbd lf`txpz| xpzmfedz pbaf pbd XGB& Pblx hmfhctxlmf lx fm xtz~zlxd jdhatxd pbd clvd dr~mzp

pza`d lx umzpb mvdz $8>> glcclmf pm Atxpzacla&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 8

\mt azd ubap |mt zda`; af afac|xlx mo Atxpzaclaf gd`la hmvdzaed mf

pbd :>11 Lf`mfdxlaf clvd dr~mzp pza`d xhaf`ac

Pbd Atxpzaclaf Jzma`haxplfe Hmg~af| "AJH :>11, lfvdxpleaplvd kmtzfaclxg ~zmezag#

Omtz Hmzfdzx# alzd` af d~lxm`d haccd` ‖A Jcmm`| Jtxlfdxx” ublhb jzmtebp pm clebp pbd

glxpzdapgdfp mo Atxpzaclaf happcd lf Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx& Pbd ~axp pum `dha`dx bavd xddf ?&4

glcclmf Atxpzaclaf happcd pzavdc j| jmap pm Lf`mfdxla# ubdzd pbd| azd oappdfd` af` accded`c|

xcatebpdzd` omccmulfe bacacl ~zmhd`tzdx& Pbd ~zmezag jdelfx j| xbmulfe vl`dm ommpaed mo 

clvdxpmhi ax pbd| azd bdz`d` mfpm xbl~x pm gaid pbdlz kmtzfd| pm xcatebpdzbmtxdx lf Lf`mfdxla&

Pbd happcd a~~daz pm jd hacg af` azd mjclvlmtx mo pbd faptzd mo pbdlz kmtzfd| ax pbd| azd

pzdapd` ulpb zdx~dhp j| pbd Atxpzaclaf umzidzx ubm oahlclpapd pbd pzafx~mzpaplmf& Pbdxd

~dahdotc lgaedx azd qtlhic| mvdzptzfd` j| ommpaed ozmg ulpblf pbd Lf`mfdxlaf bacac

xcatebpdzbmtxdx# mo happcd jdlfe dcdhpzmhtpd`# ubl~~d` af` xpmg~d` mf# palcx jzmidf af` d|dx

eated` mtp&

Pbd pztd ~tz~mxd mo lfvdxpleaplvd kmtzfaclxg uax otcolccd` j| fmp mfc| zdvdaclfe pbd vlmcdfp

pzdapgdfp mo Atxpzaclaf happcd# jtp pbd oahp pbap pbd| oddc ~alf af` zdahp pm lp# xthb ax btgafx

`m& Lf mfd lfhl`dfhd# a hmu pzdgjcd` ax bd uaphbd` blx hmgza`dx bavd pbdlz pbzmapx xclp ublcxp

otcc| hmfxhlmtx omccmud` j| jm`|'~azp `lxgdgjdzgdfp& Pbd Atxpzaclaf ~tjclh azd auazd mo 

pbd ha~ajlclp| mo aflgacx pm oddc af` dr~zdxx dgmplmfx# `td pm pbd lfpdezac zmcd aflgacx ~ca| lf

pbdlz clvdx& Xpaplxplhx xbmu pbap Atxpzacla bax mfd mo pbd blebdxp ~zdvacdfhd mo ~dp mufdzxbl~

lf pbd umzc`# ulpb 1: glcclmf Atxpzaclafx bavlfe xmgd axxmhlaplmf ulpb aflgacx& Otzpbdzgmzd#

<1 mo ~dp mufdzx oddc ‖vdz| hcmxd” pm pbdlz ~dp ubmg pbd| zdeaz` ax a oaglc| gdgjdz

"^dpfdp :>11,& Atxpzacla”x `mglfafp ahhd~pafhd mo pbd xcatebpdz mo happcd# a x~dhldx ublhb

oaccx mtpxl`d mo pbd ‖~dp” cajdc# hmtc` xdzvd ax a hapac|xp omz pbd zdxtg~plmf mo clvd happcd dr~mzp

pm Lf`mfdxla mf ? Ktc| :>11# omccmulfe a gmfpb'cmfe xtx~dfxlmf `td pm pbd Omtz Hmzfdzx

dr~mxì&

1 Pbd pdzg ‖bacac” gdafx cauotc tf`dz Lxcaglh cau# emvdzflfe jtp fmp clglpd` pm aflgac xcatebpdz ~zahplhdx af`

p|~dx mo aflgacx accmud` omz btgaf hmfxtg~plmf& @loodzlfe lfpdz~zdpaplmfx mo pbd Qtzaf zdxtcpx lf vazlaplmfx mo 

bacac xcatebpdz ahzmxx hmtfpzldx# gdaflfe ~zahplhdx tfahhd~pajcd lf Atxpzacla ga| jd ahhd~pajcd lf Lf`mfdxla&

Happcd gtxp zdgalf lf af t~zlebp xpafhd ulpb zdxpzalf mo pbd bda` af` jm`|# jdomzd jdlfe xptffd` ulpb a ha~plvd'

jmcp ~lxpmc `lzdhpc| aopdz pbdlz pbzmap lx htp "ZX^HA :>11,& 

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 0

^axp lxxtdx 

Pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d pm pbd Gl``cd Daxp uax xtx~df`d` omz pbzdd |dazx lf :>>8 j| pbd

Bmuaz` Emvdzfgdfp "Iazjmtzlx :>11,& Lf :>1> pbd AJH”x 5&8> Zd~mzp jzma`haxpd` ommpaed

mo xbdd~ jdlfe xahzlolhd` `tzlfe af Lxcaglh odxplvac lf pbd Gl``cd Daxpdzf ~zmvlfhd mo Itualp&

Xbdd~ udzd `zdxxd` ulpb ulzd# `zaeed` lfpm hmf`dfxd` haz jmmpx af` tf`dzudfp oalcd`

appdg~px pm htp pbdlz pbzmapx "Idzlf :>1>,& Ublcxp aflgac udcoazd ezmt~x ~zdxxtzd` pbd

emvdzfgdfp pm jaf pbd $24 glcclmf lf`txpz| ‘ umzpb omtz plgdx cdxx pbaf clvd dr~mzp pm

Lf`mfdxla ‘ lp zdgalfx lfpahp& A jaf uax mtp mo pbd qtdxplmf omz lf`txpz| jm`| ClvdHmz~ ubm

lfxpda` haccd` omz lg~zmvdgdfpx af` d`thaplmf mf aflgac udcoazd9 a xlglcaz zdx~mfxd pm pbd

Lf`mfdxla clvd dr~mzp xhaf`ac ap pbd jaxlx mo pblx xpt`|&

Mfd mo pbd ~tz~mxdx mo pblx zdxdazhb dxxa| uax pm draglfd af| xlglcazlpldx af`-mz

`loodzdfhdx jdpuddf gd`la zd~mzpx af` Atxpzaclaf Emvdzfgdfp xpapdgdfpx mf pbd lxxtd& Pbd

Atxpzaclaf Emvdzfgdfp azd a`agafp ajmtp pbdlz lfpmcdzafhd pmuaz`x aflgac hztdcp| af` bavd

xpapd` pbap pbd| –ulcc fmp hmg~zmglxd mf aflgac udcoazd xpaf`az`x #‗ pbtx# txlfe pbd clvd

dr~mzp pza`d pm ~zmgmpd ~mxlplvd applpt`dx af` jdbavlmtzx lf pbd lg~mzplfe hmtfpzldx# pbd

gakmzlp| mo ubmg azd `dvdcm~lfe faplmfx "@AOO :>11,& Pbdzd lx fm `mtjp ajmtp ubdpbdz pbd

Emvdzfgdfp bax ga`d af bmfdxp xpapdgdfp# jtp pbdlz `dolflpd xpafhd umtc` cda` mfd pm jdcldvd

pbap drpzdgd gdaxtzdx umtc` jd lf ~cahd pm ~zdvdfp pbd glxpzdapgdfp mo aflgacx# af` moodfhdx

umtc` appzahp xdvdzd ~dfacpldx& Pbd vdz| oahp pbap af Aflgacx Atxpzacla# fmp a emvdzfgdfp

lfvdxpleaplmf# zdvdacd` hmzzt~plmf ulpblf Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx cdavdx a hatxd omz x~dhtcaplmf

ajmtp pbd vacl`lp| mo lfomzgaplmf ~zdxdfpd` pm Atxpzaclaf par~a|dzx ubm azd otf`lfe pbd

xhbdgd&

Pbd Emvdzfgdfp pahlpc| aezdd` pm pbd ~mxxljlclp| mo aflgac hztdcp| lfoclhpd` t~mf

Atxpzaclaf clvdxpmhi lf mvdzxdax ajappmlzx& Pblx otzpbdz ktxploldx pbd hatxd mo lfvdxpleaplfe

~mxxljcd x~lf pahplhx lf gd`la zd~mzpx mf pbd lxxtd# ublhb ga| xdzvd pm a~~daxd pbd at`ldfhd

ubm udzd `lxpzdxxd` j| pbd Omtz Hmzfdzx ~zmezag& Ax `dxhzljd` lf a zd~mzp mf Atxpzaclaf

Xpaf`az`x omz pbd Dr~mzp mo Clvdxpmhi "Hmggmfudacpb mo Atxpzacla :>11,# aopdz

`lxdgjaziaplmf# pbd lg~mzplfe hmtfpz| lx zdx~mfxljcd omz –pbd bdacpb af` udcoazd mo pbd

clvdxpmhi‗& Lp lx acxm xpapd` pbap Atxpzacla ulcc hmfplftd pm umzi ulpb pbdxd mopdf `dvdcm~lfe

faplmfx pm lg~zmvd pbdlz aflgac aezlhtcptzd9 bmudvdz# ubdpbdz pbdxd zdomzgx azd dr~calfd` pm

pbd edfdzac ~tjclh pbzmteb pbd gaxx gd`la ulcc al` lf `dpdzglflfe pbd cdvdc mo gmzaclp|

jdblf` pbd Atxpzaclaf Emvdzfgdfp”x lfvmcvdgdfp lf clvd dr~mzp& 

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 4

Pbd Atxpzaclaf gd`la

Pbd mfclfd Atxpzaclaf gd`la lx hmg~zlxd` mo xdvdzac id| jm`ldx;Pbd Atxpzaclaf

 Jzma`haxplfe Hmz~mzaplmf "AJH,# X~dhlac Jzma`haxplfe Xdzvlhd "XJX,# Fdux

Hmz~mzaplmf-Fdux Clglpd`# Oalzoar @lelpac# Flfd Dfpdzpalfgdfp Hm af` Xdvdf Gd`la Ezmt~&

Pbd omhac ~mlfpx mo pblx ~azplhtcaz zdxdazhb ~zmkdhp azd pbd AJH af` X|`fd| Gmzflfe Bdzac`

"Oalzoar Gd`la, udjxlpdx# bmudvdz# af tf`dzxpaf`lfe mo ~zdxx zdetcaplmfx af` mufdzxbl~ lx

otf`agdfpac lf ~zmvl`lfe hmfpdrp omz pbd azetgdfpx ~zdxdfpd`&

 Atxpzaclaf ~zdxx zdetcaplmfx

Atxpzacla”x ~zdxx azd emvdzfd` j| a xdp mo ztcdx af` zdetcaplmfx pbap `dpdzglfd pbd drpdfp mo 

mufdzxbl~ accmud` j| af| mfd gd`la hmz~mzaplmf& Pbd gakmz doodhp mo pbd caux lx pm ~zdvdfp

pbd hmggmf mufdzxbl~ mo fdux~a~dzx# pdcdvlxlmf af` za`lm jzma`haxplfe clhdfhdx pbap xdzvd

pbd xagd zdelmf& Pbd ktxplolhaplmf omz pbd ztcdx lx pbap pbd doodhplvd otfhplmflfe mo a

`dgmhzah| zdqtlzdx a `lvdzxd mufdzxbl~ mo pbd `alc| gaxx gd`la pm dfxtzd pbap ~tjclh clod jd

zd~mzpd` lf a oalz af` m~df gaffdz&

Pbd cahi mo xtjxpafplac caux emvdzflfe mfclfd gd`la ~zdxdfhd lx a hatxd omz hmfhdzf&

Htzzdfp gd`la mufdzxbl~ hmfpzmcx azd `lzdhpd` j| pbd Jzma`haxplfe Xdzvlhdx Agdf`gdfp

"Gd`la Mufdzxbl~, Ahp :>>?# ublhb accmu omz a blebdz cdvdc mo gd`la mufdzxbl~

hmfhdfpzaplmf pbaf lpx 1<<: hmtfpdz~azp "^azclagdfp mo Atxpzacla :>>?,& Ahhmz`lfe pm pbd

1<<: Jzma`haxplfe Xdzvlhdx Ahp# a ~dzxmf lx fmp accmud` pm hmfpzmc; pdcdvlxlmf jzma`haxplfe

clhdfxdx pbap drhdd` 5> ~dz hdfp mo pbd ~m~tcaplmf mo Atxpzacla# gmzd pbaf pum za`lm clhdfxdx

lf pbd xagd clhdfxd azda# a hmggdzhlac pdcdvlxlmf jzma`haxplfe clhdfxd af` a hmggdzhlac za`lm

jzma`haxplfe clhdfxd lf pbd xagd clhdfxd azda mz a hmggdzhlac pdcdvlxlmf jzma`haxplfe clhdfhd

af` a fdux~a~dz axxmhlapd` ulpb pbap clhdfhd azda& Lf ~azplhtcazc|# pbd caxp pum ztcdx `m fmp

~zdvdfp a ~dzxmf ozmg muflfe gtcpl~cd hmggdzhlac za`lm mz fdux~a~dz clhdfxdx ahzmxx

`loodzdfp azdax& Pbd :>>5 Ahp zdgmvd` pbd ~zlfhl~ac hzmxx'gd`la mufdzxbl~ zdxpzlhplmfx#

accmulfe P_# fdux~a~dz mz za`lm gdzedx ulpb a ‖: mtp mo 8” gd`la xdhpmz clglp” "Atxpzaclaf

^zdxx Hmtfhlc :>>2,&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed ?

Pbd Lfpdzfdp ax a Fdux Gd`ltg

Pbd faptzd mo mfclfd fdux mtpcdpx bax ~zdxdfpd` otzpbdz hbaccdfedx jaxd` mf fmp mfc| pbd

hmfhdfpzaplmf mo gd`la mufdzxbl~# jtp pbd at`ldfhd ahhdxx ~appdzfx acxm& Pbd gmxp ~m~tcaz

Lfpdzfdp fdux xlpdx udzd mufd` j| Oalzoar# Fdux Clglpd`# pbd AJH af` Hbaffdc Flfd "Zm|

Gmzeaf Zdxdazhb :>>4,# ulpb pbd zdx~dhplvd agmtfp mo Atxpzaclafx vlxlplfe pbdxd xlpdx jdlfe

1 1<2 >>># 1 1?> >>># <12 >>> af` 524 >>>& Pbtx# gd`la elafpx Oalzoar af` Fdux Clglpd`

fmu drdzp pbd gakmzlp| mo hmfpzmc mvdz jmpb ~zlfp af` mfclfd fdux& Pbd vdz| oahp pbap fdux

udjxlpdx azd fmp clglpd` j| edmeza~blhac cmhaplmf zdf`dzx pbd Jzma`haxplfe Xdzvlhdx Ahp 1<<:

mjxmcdpd& Pbd lfpdzfdp accmux omz b|~dz'hmfhdfpzaplmf mo fdux mufdzxbl~ jdhatxd pbd

`mglfafp udjxlpdx azd avalcajcd faplmfacc|& Pbdxd udjxlpdx azd;

Fdux Clglpd`; fdux&hmg&at# pbdatxpzaclaf&hmg&at# atxpzaclafLP&hmg&at#

`alc|pdcdeza~b&hmg&at# bdzac`xtf&hmg&at# hmtzldzgalc&hmg&at# xtf`a|plgdx&hmg&at#

pbda`vdzplxdz&hmg&at# pbdgdzhtz|&hmg&at

Oalzoar; xgb&hmg&at# pbdaed&hmg&at# aoz&hmg&at

Flfdgxf; flfdgxf fdux# flfdgxf udapbdz

Acpbmteb hlpl{df kmtzfaclxg af` ~aza'xmhlac ~zahplhdx lf Udj :&> azd `zlvdf j| pbd

hmfxtgdz”x fdd` omz `dgmhzapl{aplmf mo hmfpzmc mvdz hzdaplvd hmfpdfp# "Hmvdz :>>? ~&14>, a

xleflolhafp agmtfp mo Atxpzaclafx azd ahhdxxlfe galfxpzdag fdux udjxlpdx& A :>11 AHGA

xtzvd| zdvdacd` pbap gmxp Atxpzaclafx oavmtz mfclfd fdux ~zm`thd` j| pza`lplmfac gd`la

mzeaflxaplmfx ubm hmg~c| ulpb lf`txpz| ~zahplhdx# ~cahlfe a xleflolhafp agmtfp mo hmfpzmc

af` zdx~mfxljlclp| lf pbd baf`x mo pbdxd mzeaflxaplmfx&

Otzpbdzgmzd# lf af Atxpzaclaf Jtzdat mo Xpaplxplhx zdxdazhb zd~mzp "AJA :>>1, ubdzdj|

1>> fdux ~zm`thdzx hmf`thpd` a xtzvd| af` :> omhac fdux ~zm`thdzx af` gd`la x~dhlaclxpx

udzd lfpdzvldud`# lp uax hmfhct`d` pbap pbd gakmzlp| mo fdux ~zm`thdzx a`glppd` pm jdlfe

lfoctdfhd` j| pbdlz ~zm~zldpmzx” hmggdzhlac lfpdzdxpx af` xmgd fdux ~zm`thdzx zd~mzpd` pbap

mufdzxbl~ hmfpzmc xmgdplgdx cd` pm xdco'hdfxmzxbl~& Bmudvdz# gmxp ~dzxmfx aoolzgd` pbdlz

lf`d~df`dfp dvactaplmf mo fduxumzpblfdxx mf acc mpbdz pm~lhx& Pbdxd xpaplxplhx ~zmvl`dx af

lfxlebp lfpm pbd lfoctdfhd mo pza`lplmfac fdux xmtzhdx af` lx pbd jaxlx omz pbd lf`d~df`dfp

~zlgaz| zdxdazhb hmf`thpd` ulpblf pblx ~ldhd& Ax xthb# doodhplvd afac|xlx mo fdux hmfpdfp

~zdxdfpd` lx hzthlac omz af dqtlpajcd ahhmtfp mo htzzdfp aooalzx&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 5

Xpapd mo pbd fdux ~zlfp gd`la

A zd~mzp hmf`thpd` j| pbd Atxpzaclaf ^zdxx Hmtfhlc "A^H :>>2, zd~mzpd` mf id|

hbazahpdzlxplhx mo pbd ~zlfp fdux gd`la af` lpx at`ldfhdx# lfhct`lfe –xbaz~ lfhzdaxdx‗ lf

mfclfd fdux~a~dz zda`dzxbl~# otzpbdz mufdzxbl~ hmfhdfpzaplmf j| Fdux Clglpd`# Oalzoar af`

A^F Fdux af` Gd`la& Afmpbdz xleflolhafp hmfhctxlmf uax `zauf# zdvdaclfe pbap ~zdxx

zdcdaxdx# jcmeelfe af` hbdqtdjmmi hmfpzljtplmfx ~ca|d` af lfhzdaxlfe zmcd lf fdux~a~dzx&

Pbd zd~mzp otzpbdz xpzdxxd` pbd lfoctdfhd mo pza`lplmfac gd`la mtpcdpx pbap hmfpzmc fdux

udjxlpdx# `td pm pbd cahi mo hmfpzmc mvdz lfomzgaplmf zdahb ulpb fm edmeza~blhac jmtf`azldx&

Acxm pmthbd` t~mf azd pbd 44> xpaoo zd`tf`afhldx ap Oalzoar ublhb ga| hatxd x~dhtcaplmf

ajmtp pbd qtaclp| mo fdux ~zdxdfpd` j| a xleflolhafpc| xgaccdz ftgjdz mo kmtzfaclxpx&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 2

Clglpaplmfx mo pbd xpt`|

Pbd galf clglpaplmf ublhb hzdapd` otzpbdz hmfxpzalfpx uax plgd& Pbd dfplzdp| mo pblx xpt`|

uax hmg~cdpd` ulpblf pblzpddf uddix# acmfe ulpb mpbdz hmtzxdumzi# ublhb blf`dzd` hmg~cdpd

hmgglpgdfp& Pbd drhctxlvd afac|xlx mo mfclfd fdux azplhcdx ax m~~mxd` pm a glrptzd mo 

mfclfd# ~zlfp af` pdcdvlxlmf fdux gdafp hmtc` bavd blf`dzd` pbd ~mxxljlclp| mo a udcc'zmtf`d`

afac|xlx& Otzpbdzgmzd# acpbmteb pbd `lvdzedfp gd`la xmtzhdx hbmxdf azd mo ezdap zdcdvafhd ax

mfd lx emvdzfgdfp'otf`d` af` pbd mpbdz jdcmfex pm gd`la elafp Oalzoar# mpbdz zdcdvafp gd`la

mtpcdpx udzd drhct`d` `td pm plgd af` umz`'hmtfp clglpaplmfx& Lp hmtc` bavd jddf ~mxxljcd pm

lfhct`d a pblz` xmtzhd jtp pbd afac|xlx umtc` fmp bavd hmvdzd` ax gaf| ezmtf`x mo afac|xlx&

Pbd xtjkdhplvd faptzd mo afac|xlx uax af tfavml`ajcd lfpdzfac clglpaplmf azlxlfe ozmg pbd

`loodzdfp ifmucd`ed af` ~dzx~dhplvdx mo lf`lvl`tacx& Dfhmg~axxd` lf pbd afac|xlx uax xcafp#

bda`clfd xcafp# xmtzhdx# cdrlhac xp|cd af` l`dmcmeldx& Pbd mfc| mjkdhplvd hzlpdzla dcdgdfp uax

xmtzhdx# ublhb gdafp pbap dahb azplhcd ba` pm jd xtjkdhplvdc| `lxxdhpd` ahhmz`lfe pm pbd mpbdz

omtz hzlpdzlmfx& Dahb azplhcd uax `lcledfpc| kt`ed` aealfxp pbd hzlpdzla pulhd# bmudvdz#

`loodzdfhdx lf kt`edgdfp ga| hatxd xmgd zdclajlclp| lf pbd mvdzacc mtphmgd&

Xleflolhafhd mo pbd xpt`|

Gmflpmzlfe pbd ~zdxx pbzmteb pbd drdhtplmf mo a H@A mf pbd `d~lhplmf mo pbd clvd dr~mzp

xhaf`ac bdc~x pm dfxtzd pbap pbd ~tjclh azd zlebpdmtxc| lfomzgd` ajmtp lg~mzpafp cmhac#

faplmfac mz lfpdzfaplmfac aooalzx& Lo lp udzd fmp omz lf`d~df`dfp xpt`ldx xthb ax pblx af` pbd

Xpapd mo pbd ^zlfp Fdux Gd`la# pbd ~tjclh ga| fmp jd lfhclfd` pm hzlplqtd fdux pbd| azd

zdhdlvlfe& Kmtzfaclxpx bmc` a cazed agmtfp mo zdx~mfxljlclp| ax eapdidd~dzx# ublhb lx ub| pbdlz

umzi gtxp jd gmflpmzd` pm dfxtzd pbd| azd fmp ~tzxtlfe jlax aedf`ax& Pbd afac|xlx mo pbd

AJH lx mo ~azplhtcaz xleflolhafhd ax pbd gd`la mtpcdp lx otf`d` j| pbd Atxpzaclaf Emvdzfgdfp

ubm azd `lzdhpc| lfvmcvd` lf pbd clvd dr~mzp lxxtd ‘ j| gdafx mo hmfpzmcclfe clvd dr~mzp pm

Lf`mfdxla af` alzlfe ‖A Jcmm`| Jtxlfdxx” mf pbdlz Omtz Hmzfdz”x pdcdvlxlmf ~zmezag& Pblx

~cahdx pbd AJH lf a pzmtjcdxmgd ~mxlplmf jdhatxd acpbmteb pbdlz hmggdzhlac'ozdd faptzd ga|

elvd pbdg a zdclajlclp| a`vafpaed mvdz gd`la mtpcdpx xthb ax pbd XGB# bmu umtc` pbd| zd~mzp

mf af lxxtd pbap pbdlz otf`lfe ~azpfdz bax a hcdaz xpafhd mf= Pbd xpafhd jdlfe pbap clvd dr~mzp

lx hzthlac omz pbd Atxpzaclaf dhmfmg|&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed <

Hzlplhac @lxhmtzxd Afac|xlx

Xdzvlfe ax pbd jaxlx mo pbd xpt`| tf`dzpaidf lf pblx ~a~dz# hzlplhac `lxhmtzxd afac|xlx

"H@A, accmux omz a ocdrljcd qtaclpaplvd af` qtafplpaplvd xpt`| mo fdux azplhcdx& Pbd ~zlgaz|

otfhplmf mo pblx xpt`| lx pm jzlfe pm clebp ~zmjcdgx hmfhdzfd` ulpb ~mudz ajtxd j| ~azpldx pbap

bmc` `mglfafp ~mxlplmfx lf xmhldp|& A ~zmglfdfp ~lmfddz mo H@A# Pdtf A _af @lki ":>>5 ~&

?8'?0, jdcldvdx pbap lf a `dgmhzaplh xmhldp| lp lx dxxdfplac pm ~zmpdhp pbd lfpdzdxpx mo glfmzlp|

ezmt~x ubm azd xtjkdhp pm xdrlxg# zahlxg af` hcaxxlxg l`dmcmeldx# pm fagd a odu& Lp lx omz pblx

zdaxmf pbap a H@A a~~zmahb uax tf`dzpaidf# ubdzdj| pbd glfmzlp| azd pbd aflgac ~zmpdhplmf

ezmt~x xthb ax pbd ZX^HA af` Aflgacx Atxpzacla ubm zd~zdxdfp pbd aflgacx# af` pbd

~mudzotc azd pbd clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| af` pbd Emvdzfgdfp ubm bmc` tcplgapd hmfpzmc mvdz pbd

gappdz&

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omccmulfe a Hzlplhac @lxhmtzxd Xpt`ldx ozagdumzi ud azd ajcd pm lfvdxpleapd hdzpalf vazlajcdx

pbap acct`d pm ~mudz ajtxd& Oletzdx mo ~mudz bavd a zdx~mfxljlclp| pm gaid lg~mzpafp

`dhlxlmfx pbap aoodhp pbd gakmzlp|& Pbzmteb drhctxlvd ahhdxx pm `lxhmtzxd# pbd| azd ajcd pm

vmlhd pbdlz m~lflmfx ap a blebdz ozdqtdfh| af` pm pbd gakmzlp|# lf hmfpzaxp ulpb ezmt~x ubm

bmc` clppcd'pm'fm ~mudz& Afmpbdz hzlplhac ~mlfp ga`d j| _af @lki "1<<8, lx pbap fmp mfc| `m

~mclplhlafx af` oletzdx aclid ahp ax fmpajcd xmtzhdx lf fdux azplhcdx9 pbd| acxm bavd ahhdxx pm

~azclagdfpaz| `djapdx af` haf pbdzdomzd lfoctdfhd pbd mtphmgdx mo xmhlac af` ~mclplhac

gappdzx& Omzgx mo ezaxxzmmpx lfoctdfhd mz –hmtfpdz ' ~mudz‗ lx xplcc drdhtpd` pbzmteb mfclfd

mtpcdpx lfhct`lfe pbd m~~mzptflp| pm hmggdfp mf fdux azplhcdx# hlpl{df kmtzfaclxg pbzmteb

jcmeelfe# vl`dm jcmeelfe af` ~dplplmfx& Acpbmteb pbd| ga| ~zmvl`d a hbafhd omz pbd glfmzlp|

pm vmlhd pbdlz m~lflmf ‘ ubdpbdz ~mclplhacc| hmzzdhp mz fmp ‘ mf af lxxtd xthb ax clvd dr~mzp#

pbd gakmzlp| mo ~dm~cd `m fmp vldu pbdlz m~lflmf ax hzd`ljcd af` oavmtz ‖fmpajcd” fdux

udjxlpdx ":>11 AHGA xtzvd|,& Hlpl{df kmtzfaclxg bax hmgd tf`dz olzd lf zdhdfp |dazx af`

ulpb vdz| odu hzd`ljcd acpdzfaplvd gd`la xmtzhdx# lfhct`lfe Hzlid|! af` Fdu Gaplc`a# pbd

gaxx gd`la bavd dgdzed` ax ~mudz'jzmidzx mo ~zlfp# pdcdvlxlmf# za`lm af` mfclfd fdux& Pbd

gmzd hmfpzmc mvdz `lxhmtzxd af` ahhdxx pm lfomzgaplmf edfdzacc| ‘ acpbmteb fmu acua|x ‘  

zdxtcpx lf a ezdapdz agmtfp mo lfoctdfhd af` bdedgmf|# ublhb haf al` lf omzglfe mtz

lfpdz~zdpaplmf mo pbd umzc` "vaf @lki 1<<8,&

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Pbd `lxhmtzxd xpzthptzdx# jdlfe pbd ua| ~mudz lx dfahpd`# gtxp jd draglfd` lf pbd pum

`lgdfxlmfx mo ~zm`thplmf af` zdhd~plmf& J| draglflfe pbd xdglmplhx mo pdrpx ud haf afac|xd

bmu kmtzfaclxpx ax xmhlac aedfpx txd cafetaed# `lxhmtzxd af` tcplgapdc| `dxlef azplhcdx pm

hzdapd a hdzpalf gdaflfe "Oalzhcmteb :>>4 ~&1,& Ubdf afac|xlfe a fdux xpmz| tf`dz a hzlplhac

`lxhmtzxd ozagdumzi mfd gtxp acua|x idd~ lf glf` pbap lp lx fmp af dfplzdc| zdclajcd& Pbd

hmfpdrp mo ~zm`thplmf lx lfoctdfhd` j| ~dzxmfac jdcldox# dr~dzldfhdx af` ~mudz'pldx& Pblx lx

acxm pbd haxd omz zdhd~plmf mo pdrp# ax pbd zda`dz”x ~dzxmfac dr~dzldfhdx af` lfxplccd` vactdx

ulcc lfoctdfhd bmu pbd| ~zmhdxx lfomzgaplmf "vaf @lki 1<22,&

Afmpbdz oahpmz ap pbd hdfpzd mo hzlplhac `lxhmtzxd xpt`ldx lx pbd afac|xlx mo l`dax af`

l`dmcmeldx txd` ulpblf pbd pdrp& Pbdxd azd lf dxxdfhd# xpdzdmp|~lhac jdcldox mo pbd hdzpalf

~azpldx pbap a~~daz pm pzltg~b mvdz mpbdz m~lflmfx& J| draglflfe pbd l`dax af` l`dmcmeldx

dr~zdxxd` lf dahb azplhcd# ~appdzfx af` pbdzdomzd bl``df aedf`ax haf jd fmpd`& L`dmcmeldx

otfhplmf pm axxdzp edfdzaclxd` `d~lhplmfx mo hdzpalf ezmt~x lf hmfpzaxp pm mpbdzx# ublhb haf jd

l`dfplold` j| draglflfe pbd atpbmz”x dr~zdxxlmf af` pbap mo pbd xmtzhdx hlpd`& Lg~mzpafp xpd~x

azd lfvmcvd` lf jzdailfe `muf l`dmcmelhac `lxhmtzxd# lfhct`lfe; afac|xlfe pbd ezmt~x af`

~mudz zdcaplmfx lfvmcvd`9 lfhct`lfe pbmxd hlpd` af` `dpdzglflfe dr~zdxxlmf ublhb lfhct`dx

 ~mxlplvd af` fdeaplvd m~lflmfx ajmtp –Tx af` pbdg‗# ublhb lx `mfd j| hazdotcc| `lxxdhplfe

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 ~azp|”x emm` mz ja` qtaclpldx azd accdvlapd`& L`dmcmeldx azd mopdf xlgtcpafdmtx pm pbd xcafp mo 

pbd pdrp# jtp fmp acua|x pbd bda`clfd xcafp# ublhb ulcc jd `lxhtxxd` lf pbd cappdz baco mo pbd pdrp

"_af @lki 1<<4,&

A :>>2 Xpapd mo pbd Fdux ^zlfp Gd`la lf Atxpzacla xpt`| mf pbd gd`la zd~zdxdfpaplmf mo 

Gmbagga` Bafddo `tzlfe blx pzalc zdvdacd` pbap pbd gmxp ~m~tcaz fdux azplhcd pbdgdx udzd

hzlgd# faplmfac xdhtzlp| lxxtdx af` hdcdjzlp|# omccmud` j| pbd cdaxp ~m~tcaz pbdgdx mo 

btgaf-hlvlc zlebpx af` hmtzp ~zmhdd`lfex& Pblx xbmux pbap pbd gd`la”x ~zlmzlpldx udzd

dfpdzpalflfe pbd ~tjclh ax pbd| xtjkdhp Bafddo pm a hzlglfac hdcdjzlp| p|~d zmcd# ubdf lf pbd

df` bd uax ahqtlppd` mo acc hbazedx& Pbd gd`la ba` pbdlz muf aedf`a omz pbd xaid mo xdcclfe

~a~dzx af` ~dzba~x ~tzxtlfe pbd l`dmcme| mo af axxmhlaplmf jdpuddf pdzzmzlxg af` Lxcag&

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Gdpbm`mcme|

Lf mz`dz pm garlglxd zdclajlclp| mo hmfhctxlmfx `zauf ozmg pbd pdrp lf zdcaplmf pm pbd faptzd

mo pbd clvd dr~mzp lxxtd ap pbd plgd# mfc| fdux azplhcdx ~tjclxbd` jdpuddf Ga| :8 af` Ktfd ?#

:>11 mf pbd AJH af` XGB udjxlpdx udzd afac|xd`& Pblx bmudvdz# gdafp pbap a cazedz

ftgjdz mo azplhcdx udzd `zauf ozmg pbd X|`fd| Gmzflfe Bdzac`  ‘ 1< ax m~~mxd` pm 18 ozmg

pbd AJH ' jdhatxd pbd gd`la mtpcdp ~tjclxbd` gmzd azplhcdx mf pbd lxxtd ulpblf pbap plgd'

x~af& Acpbmteb pblx uax a xclebp blf`zafhd `td pm pbd oavmtzajlclp| mo jacafhd ubdf

hmf`thplfe af afac|xlx# pbdzd uax fm ua| mo avml`lfe lp& Pbd ~bzaxd ‖clvd dr~mzp” uax dfpdzd`

lfpm pbd xdazhb pmmcjmr mf jmpb udjxlpdx# af` zdxtcpx udzd olcpdzd` ahhmz`lfe pm pbd capdxp `apd&

Dahb azplhcd uax pbdf afac|xd` tf`dz a palcmzd` H@A hzlpdzla# omccmud` j| pbd hzdaplmf mo 

pajcdx af` eza~bx pm accmu omz hcdaz hmg~azlxmfx jdpuddf fdux~a~dzx&

H@A hzlpdzla

Azplhcd bda`clfd afecd

Tf`dz pblx hzlpdzlmf# azplhcdx udzd `ddgd` pm xt~~mzp# m~~mxd mz galfpalf a fdtpzac xpafhd

mf clvd dr~mzp& Pbdzd uax a vdz| xgacc `dezdd mo dzzmz ~mxd` j| bda`clfd kt`edgdfp jdhatxd

pbd gakmzlp| hcdazc| odcc tf`dz mfd mo pbd pbzdd hapdemzldx&

Azplhcd afecd

Azplhcdx ublhb `lx~ca|d` hmg~cdpd jlax lf oavmtz mo clvd dr~mzp pm Lf`mfdxla udzd ~cahd`

tf`dz pbd xt~~mzp ezmt~lfe# pbmxd ublhb `l` fmp xa| af|pblfe ~mxlplvd ajmtp pbd lxxtd udzd

hapdemzlxd` ax m~~mxd af` azplhcdx ulpb a jacafhd` m~lflmf udzd fdtpzac&

Cdrlhac xp|cd

Pbd cdrlhac xp|cd mo dahb azplhcd uax fmp pajtcapd` jdhatxd pblx lfomzgaplmf uax

qtafplpaplvdc| afac|xd` af` a `lvdzxd zafed mo cafetaed uax omtf` ulpblf pbd pdrp9 pbap mo 

ublhb hmtc` fmp jd `lvl`d` lfpm xthhlfhp hapdemzldx& Azplhcdx ulpb cdrlhac odaptzdx `dfmplfe mz

hmffmplfe xleflolhafp l`dax ulcc jd xpt`ld` af` `lxhtxxd`# lfhct`lfe9 ~axxlvd af` ahplvd

vmlhdx# pbd txd mo kazemf af` hmccmqtlac mz ‖xcafe” pdzglfmcme|# acmfe ulpb `dxhzl~plmfx mo 

ajappmlz ommpaed lf pbd Omtz Hmzfdz”x dr~mxì&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 1:

L`dax-L`dmcmeldx

Af azplhcd uax kt`ed` pm a`vmhapd a hdzpalf l`dmcme| mz l`da ubdf lp x~mid ~mxlplvdc|

ajmtp a ezmt~ mo ~dm~cd# htcptzd# jdcldo mz ~mclplhac vldu& Gmzd pbaf mfd l`dmcme| mz l`da

hmtc` jd dr~zdxxd` lf af azplhcd& Xmgd l`dax af` l`dmcmeldx ~zmgmpd` lf XGB azplhcdx udzd

fmp gdfplmfd` lf AJH azplhcdx# xm pbd hzlpdzla `loodzd`;

X|`fd| Gmzflfe Bdzac` "XGB, L`dax af` L`dmcmeldx

‖^mclplhx mvdz aflgac zlebpx”  ‘ azplhcdx ulpb pblx aedf`a axxdzp pbap clvd dr~mzp gtxp fmp jd

lggd`lapdc| jaffd` `td pm xmgd hmzzt~plmf lf pbd oldc`9 zapbdz lp xbmtc` jd `dcljdzapd` lf a

~mclplhac gaffdz ulpb mpbdz l`dmcmeldx paidf lfpm ahhmtfp&

‖Mfc| jaf clvd dr~mzp pm xtjxpaf`az` oahlclpldx” ‘ pbd azplhcd ba` pm a`vmhapd a jaf mf

clvdxpmhi dr~mzp mfc| pm Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx etlcp| mo lfoclhplfe pmzptzd pm Atxpzaclaf aflgacx&

‖Jaf ja` omz dhmfmg|” ‘ a pmpac jaf mf Atxpzaclaf clvd dr~mzp ulcc hzdapd kmj cmxxdx af`

pazflxb pbd lf`txpz| ublhb dazfx pbd hmtfpz| mvdz 8>> glcclmf ~dz |daz "AJH :>11,&

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aflgacx azd ~zmhdxxd` lf Atxpzacla af` xdfp pm Lf`mfdxla ax ozm{df gdap&

‖Dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf” ‘ pbd azplhcd omccmux `dgmhzaplh ~zlfhl~cdx j| `lxhtxxlfe `lxpaxpdotc

~zahplhdx xtzzmtf`lfe pbd lf`txpz|# af` a`vmhapdx pbd zdvdcaplmf mo pztpb&

‖@dodf`lfe Lf`mfdxla” ‘ xmtzhdx ulpblf pbd azplhcd hmgd pm pbd `dodfhd mo pbd pblz` umzc`

hmtfpz| `td pm pbd drpdfxlvdfdxx mo ~mvdzp| af` clglpd` ifmucd`ed mo zlebpotc aflgac

pzdapgdfp ~zahplhdx& Atxpzacla lx acxm dfhmtzaed` pm jd ~apldfp ulpb Lf`mfdxla af` bdc~ pbd

hmtfpz| jdppdz pbdlz aflgac aezlhtcptzd lf`txpz|&

‖@dodf`lfe Atxpzacla” ‘ pbd azplhcd clebpdfx pbd dg~baxlx mf pbd ~mmz pzdapgdfp mo aflgacx

lf Lf`mfdxla j| a`vmhaplfe Atxpzacla”x hmgglpgdfp pm bavlfe a {dzm pmcdzafhd pm Aflgac

hztdcp|& Azplhcdx pbap dr~zdxx pblx l`dmcme| azd gdzdc| `lxpzahplfe pbd zda`dz ozmg pbd ahptac

~zmjcdg# ublhb ba` fmpblfe pm `m ulpb pzdapgdfp mo clvdxpmhi ulpblf Atxpzacla&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 18

Atxpzaclaf Jzma`haxplfe Hmg~af| "AJH, L`dax af` L`dmcmeldx;

‖Dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf” ‘ zdodz pm XGB l`dax-l`dmcmeldx ajmvd&

‖Jaf lp ‘  pmzptzd lx tfhmfpzmccajcd” ‘ clvd dr~mzp xbmtc` jd jaffd` jdhatxd Atxpzacla

haffmp hmfpzmc ubdpbdz mz fmp clvdxpmhi lx jdlfe xdfp pm fdecledfp oahlclpldx&

‖@mf”p jaf# lg~zmvd hmf`lplmfx” ‘ pblx haccx omz a cmfe'pdzg xmctplmf pm aflgac hztdcp|

ulpblf Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx af` ax xthb# Atxpzacla gtxp al` pbd hmtfpz| pm lg~zmvd pbdlz

~zahplhdx# zapbdz pbaf hdaxlfe pbd ~zahplhd mo clvd dr~mzp&

‖^zmolp mvdz aflgac udcoazd” ‘ pblx l`da xteedxpx pbap aflgac zlebpx azd fmp gmzd lg~mzpafp

pbaf pbd dhmfmglh zdvdftd Atxpzacla zdhdlvdx ozmg xdcclfe clvdxpmhi pm Lf`mfdxla&

‖Jaf ulcc ocmm` `mgdxplh gazidp” ‘ Lo Atxpzacla `mdx fmp dr~mzp lpx clvdxpmhi pbdzd lx odaz

pbap pbdzd ulcc jd a xtz~ctx ublhb ulcc fmp jd hmfxtgd` j| pbd `mgdxplh gazidp& Pbdzd lx

x~dhtcaplmf ajmtp pbd vacl`lp| mo pblx l`da `td pm pbd faptzd mo happcd oazglfe# ubdzdj| pbd

happcd lf odd`cmpx azd xtjkdhp pm ezalf'jaxd` `ldpx "GCA :>11, pbap dfajcd pbdg pm ezmu oaxpdz#

hmfpzaz| pm a faptzac ezaxx `ldp "^mccmf :>1>,& Pbtx# lo pbdxd clvdxpmhi udzd od` ezaxx#

mvdz~m~tcaplmf ga| fmp jd a ~zmjcdg&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 10

@apa Afac|xlx

 Bda`clfd af` azplhcd afecd

XGB AJH

Omz Clvd Dr~mzp  8"14$,

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lx xthhdxxotc lf a udcc'zmtf`d` afac|xlx& Gmzd ~dm~cd ulcc zda` pbd bda`clfd mvdz pbd dfplzd

azplhcd jdhatxd pbd| ga| fmp bavd plgd# mz ga| cahi pmpac lfpdzdxp lf pbd pm~lh& Bda`clfd

xilgglfe# bmudvdz# xbmtc` fmp jd vldud` ax tflfoctdfplac jdhatxd dvdz| ~ldhd mo 

lfomzgaplmf zdhdlvd` j| af lf`lvl`tac lx lfoctdfhlfe pbdlz mvdzacc umzc`vldu&

Lf hmg~azlxmf pm pbd AJH# pbdzd lx af mjvlmtx lgjacafhd mo azplhcd bda`clfd afecdx lf pbd

XGB " oletzd 1,& Mfd haf qtdxplmf pbd txd mo bda`clfdx xcafpd` aealfxp clvd dr~mzp mf pbd

XGB udjxlpd ubdf ud hmg~azd pbdg pm pbd zdxtcpx mf azplhcd afecd lf  oletzd :;

XGB AJH

Omz Clvd Dr~mzp  1

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Oletzd :; Azplhcd afecd

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 14

Ubdf hmg~azlfe XGB zdxtcpx lf oletzd 1 af` oletzd :# ud haf xdd pbap acpbmteb pbd

gakmzlp| mo bda`clfdx xbtffd` pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d pm Lf`mfdxla# pbd gakmzlp| mo azplhcdx

~zdxdfpd` a fdtpzac xpafhd& Pblx lfomzgaplmf hmtc` jd lf a ftgjdz mo ua|x& Olzxpc|# ud hmtc`

xteedxp pbap pbd XGB udzd pz|lfe pm ~zdxdfp ubap lx mopdf `tjjd` ax a ‖ifdd' kdzi zdahplmf” pm

pbd xlptaplmf j| bda`lfe pbd gakmzlp| mo pbdlz azplhcdx ulpb af dgmplmfac plpcd& Pblx hmtc` xdzvd

pm lggd`lapdc| appzahp pbd zda`dz”x appdfplmf xm pbap pbd| em mf pm zda` pbd azplhcd& Lp lx acxm 

lg~mzpafp pm hmfxl`dz pbd zda`dz”x ~zd`dpdzglfd` xpafhd mf pbd lxxtd af` ud haf lfxpleapd

b|~mpbdxdx ulpbmtp ifmulfe pbdlz vldu mf pbd pm~lh& Lo pbd zda`dz udzd aealfxp clvd dr~mzp

af` pbd| xau a bda`clfd pbap hmlfhl`d` ulpb pbdlz jdcldo# mz pbd| ba` glrd` oddclfex ajmtp pbd

pm~lh# pbd| ga| pbdf em mf pm zda` pbd azplhcd& Lo pbd azplhcd pbdf ~zdxdfpd` a fdtpzac xpafhd lp

ga| hatxd xmgd zdhmfxl`dzaplmf mo jdcldox j| dg~baxlxlfe pbd olxhac jdfdolpx mo clvd dr~mzp&

Zdxtcpx ozmg AJH bda`clfd af` azplhcd afecd lf oletzd 1 af` oletzd : lf`lhapd a gthb gmzd

jacafhd` accmhaplmf mo afecdx ublhb lx lf'clfd ulpb a kmtzfaclxp”x zdx~mfxljlclp| pm ~zdxdfp a

jacafhd` vldu& Bmudvdz# lo ud `dcvd lfpm pbd zdxtcpx af` hmg~azd pbdg pm pbd XGB# ud haf

fmplhd af aedf`a ~tzxtd` j| pbd AJH& Lf pdzgx mo bda`clfd afecd lf oletzd 1# 88 ~dz hdfp mo 

AJH bda`clfdx udzd afecd` omz clvd dr~mzp# hmg~azd` pm 14 ~dz hdfp lf pbd XGB& Mf pbd

hmfpzaz|# 4> ~dz hdfp mo AJH bda`clfdx udzd aealfxp clvd dr~mzp acmfe ulpb ?8 ~dz hdfp mo 

XGB bda`clfdx& Otzpbdzgmzd# pbdzd uax a blebdz agmtfp mo fdtpzac bda`clfdx lf pbd XGBubdf hmg~azd` pm pbd AJH& Acpbmteb pbdxd bda`clfdx omzg a xgacc ~azp mo pbd ~lhptzd# pbd|

elvd tx af dazc| lf`lhaplmf pbap pbd AJH oavmtzd` a ~mxlplvd `d~lhplmf mo pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d#

ubdzdax pbd XGB pmmi pbd m~~mxlpd a~~zmahb&

Pbd AJH azplhcd afecd zdxtcpx lf oletzd : xbmu af dfplzdc| jacafhd` a~~zmahb ulpb pbd

xagd agmtfp mo azplhcdx bmc`lfe a omz# aealfxp mz fdtpzac xpafhd mf pbd lxxtd& Pblx hmfhct`dx

pbap pbd AJH pmmi a jacafhd` a~~zmahb lf ~zdxdfplfe lfomzgaplmf ahzmxx pbd pbzdd hapdemzldx#

jtp fmp fdhdxxazlc| a oalz mfd& Ax a emvdzfgdfp'otf`d` gd`la mtpcdp# pbd| udzd gmzd lfhclfd`

pm ~zdxdfp ~mxlplvd m~lflmfx ajmtp clvd dr~mzp lf pbdlz azplhcdx pbaf pbd XGB# ublhb xbmux lf

pbd zdxtcpx9 88 af` 4 ~dz hdfp zdx~dhplvdc|& Mvdzacc# pbd XGB ~zmvl`d` pbd gmxp zdclajcd af`

tfjlaxd` ahhmtfp mo pbd dvdfp ax pbd| ~zdxdfpd` a blebdz agmtfp mo fdtpzac afecdx ~dz azplhcd

af` bda`clfd&

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 1?

 L`dax af` L`dmcmeldx

L`da-l`dmcme| Fm& mo gdfplmfx lf XGB azplhcdx

^mclplhx mvdz aflgac zlebpx 1

Mfc| jaf C&D& pm xtjxpaf`az` oahlclpldx 0Jaf ja` omz dhmfmg| 1>

Jaf emm` omz dhmfmg| :

Dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf <

@dodf`lfe Lf`mfdxla 4

@dodf`lfe Atxpzacla 4

Oletzd 8; L`dax / L`dmcmeldx XGB 

L`da-l`dmcme| Fm& mo gdfplmfx lf AJH azplhcdx

Dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf 1

Jaf lp ‘ pmzptzd lx tfhmfpzmccajcd 1

@mf“p jaf# lg~zmvd hmf`lplmfx ?

^zmolp mvdz aflgac udcoazd 1

Jaf ulcc ocmm` `mgdxplh gazidp :

Jaf ja` omz ztzac Atxpzacla 8

Jaf ja` omz dhmfmg| 2

@dodf`lfe Lf`mfdxla 1

@dodf`lfe Atxpzacla 1

Oletzd 0; L`dax / L`dmcmeldx AJH 

Oletzd 8 af` oletzd 0 ~zdxdfp a pajcd mo l`dax mz l`dmcmeldx ~tzxtd` lf pbd azplhcdx axxdxxd`&

A ~dzhdfpaed vactd uax fmp hachtcapd` jdhatxd gmzd pbaf mfd l`da mz l`dmcme| uax ~tp

omzuaz` ulpblf pbd azplhcdx& Pbdxd zdxtcpx xbmu afmpbdz xpazi hmfpzaxp lf pbd zd~mzplfe afecd mo 

pbd XGB af` AJH mfclfd fdux `lvlxlmfx ublhb cd` pm pbd hmg~cdplmf mo pum xd~azapd pajcdx

`td pm `loodzlfe l`dax af` l`dmcmeldx ~zdxdfpd`&

Lf oletzd 8 ud haf xdd pbap pbd gmxp ~m~tcaz l`dmcmeldx ~zdxdfpd` lf XGB fdux azplhcdx

udzd ‖jaf ja` omz dhmfmg|” af` ‖dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf”& Pbdxd l`dax azd dr~zdxxlfe m~~mxlpd

vldu~mlfpx ajmtp pbd lxxtd# ax pbd omzgdz lx xteedxplfe pbap pbd dhmfmg| ulcc xtoodz lo clvd

dr~mzp lx jaffd` af` pbd cappdz a`vmhapdx pbap pbd ~dm~cd bavd a zlebp pm ifmu pbd pztpb lf

Atxpzacla”x `dgmhzaplh xmhldp|& Lf hmfpzaxp# oletzd 0 xbmux tx pbap pbd pum gmxp ~m~tcaz l`dax

lf AJH azplhcdx azd ‖jaf ja` omz dhmfmg|” af` ‖`mf”p jaf lp# lg~zmvd hmf`lplmfx”& Pblx xbmux

pbap pbd AJH azd xlfhdzdc| a`vmhaplfe clvd dr~mzp ‘ gmxp mo ublhb uax `mfd pbzmteb pbd txd

mo xmtzhdx pbap bdc` pblx jdcldo& @dhmfxpzthplfe pbd azplhcdx lf af l`dmcmelhac xdfxd accmux tx pm

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 15

vldu pbd `loodzdfp aedf`ax ~tzxtd` j| dahb mzeaflxaplmf# acpbmteb pbd| azd zd~mzplfe mf pbd

xagd lxxtd& Lf a xdfxd# pblx ~zmvl`dx tx ulpb a vazldp| mo mtpcmmix mf pbd pm~lh ublhb haf m~df

mtz glf`x# jtp lo mfc| mfd gd`la mtpcdp lx hmfxtcpd` omz lfomzgaplmf# af lf`lvl`tac ga| jd

xtjhmfxhlmtxc| hmg~c|lfe ulpb pbd gd`la”x aedf`a& Lp uax lfpdzdxplfe pm mjxdzvd pbap jmpb

pbd AJH af` XGB ~zdxdfpd` l`dax af`-mz l`dmcmeldx drhctxlvd pm pbdlz fdux xpmzldx# mz pbap

xmgd udzd zdeaz`d` mo blebdz lg~mzpafhd lf mfd mtpcdp ax m~~mxd` pm pbd mpbdz&

‖Dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf” zdhdlvd` flfd gdfplmfx lf pbd XGB af` mfc| mfd gdfplmf lf pbd

AJH& Pbd XGB gdfplmfd` pbd fdd` pm `dodf` jmpb Atxpzacla af` Lf`mfdxla olvd plgdx dahb#

ubdzdax pbd| udzd `dodf`d` mfc| mfd plgd dahb lf pbd AJH& Pbd AJH acxm dg~baxlxd` pbd

lg~mzpafhd mo ‖lg~zmvlfe hmf`lplmfx” ‘ acpbmteb lp uax fmp ga`d hcdaz ax pm bmu pblx umtc`

jd `mfd& Mf pbd mpbdz baf`# pbd XGB haccd` omz a jaf mfc| pm xtjxpaf`az` oahlclpldx&

Otzpbdzgmzd# AJH udzd hmfhdzfd` ulpb `dodf`lfe pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d j| ozdqtdfpc|

a`vmhaplfe zdaxmfx ax pm ub| lp xbmtc` fmp jd jaffd`# ubdzdax pbd XGB omhtxd` mf

`dodf`lfe Lf`mfdxla ax a pblz` umzc` faplmf af` `lxpzahplfe pbd zda`dz ozmg pbd ahptac lxxtd j|

`dodf`lfe Atxpzacla”x pzdapgdfp mo aflgacx&

Xmtzhdx

Xmtzhd AJH XGB

^mclplhlafx 1 1<

Aflgac mzeaflxaplmfx-a`vmhapdx : 1>

Aflgac Aezlhtcptzd Lf`txpz| 1> 2

Aezlhtcptzac Glflxpdz 8 2

Aha`dglhx 1 1

Oletzd 4; Mvdzvldu mo xmtzhdx lf XGB af` AJH 

^mclplhlafx

Lf oletzd 4 ud haf xdd pbap pbd XGB xmtzhd` a xleflolhafpc| cazed agmtfp mo ~mclplhlafx

ulpblf pbdlz fdux azplhcdx# ubdzdax pbd AJH xmtzhd` mfc| mfd& Lp uax acxm cdazfp pbap pbd

gakmzlp| mo ~mclplhlafx ubm udzd lfvmcvd` lf pblx lxxtd af` vmlhd` pbdlz m~lflmfx pm pbd XGB

udzd hzlplhlxlfe pbd lxxtd af`-mz hacclfe omz a jaf pm clvd dr~mzp& Pbd AJH”x drhctxlmf mo 

~mclplhlafx ozmg pbdlz azplhcdx lx qtlpd acazglfe# dx~dhlacc| hmfxl`dzlfe pbap lp lx a emvdzfgdfp'

otf`d` mtpcdp ulpb `lzdhp ahhdxx pm ~mclplhac xmtzhdx& Pblx otzpbdz hmlfhl`dx ulpb pbd pbdmz|

pbap pbd emvdzfgdfp azd tzelfe Atxpzaclafx pm xt~~mzp clvd dr~mzp# af` pbdzdomzd xbmtc` fmpxmtzhd ~mclplhlafx ubdf pbd| hmf`dgf pbd ~zahplhd&

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 12

^mclplhlaf ^azp|-~mxlplmf Xpafhd Fm& mo 

gdfplmfx

Zahbdc Xldudzp Ezddfx Aealfxp C&D& 8

Kmd Ct`ule Cajmz Aealfxp C&D& 1>

Idcvlf Pbmg~xmf Cajmz Aealfxp C&D& 1

Kafdccd Xaoolf Cajmz Aealfxp C&D&  1Gdclxxa ^azid Cajmz Aealfxp C&D&  1

Idvlf Zt`` Cajmz Aealfxp C&D& 1

Uazzdf Xfmu`mf Cajmz Omz C&D& 1

Af`zdu Ulcild Lf`d~df`afp Aealfxp C&D& 4

Flhi Rdfm~bmfd Lf`d~df`afp Aealfxp C&D&  8

Uazzdf Pztxx Faplmfacx Omz C&D&  :

@azzdf Hbdxpdz Faplmfacx Omz C&D& 1

Jdf Hacchmpp Fmzpb QC@ Ga|mz Omz C&D& 1

Ja|t Izlxfagtzpbl Lf`mfdxlaf _lhd

Aezlhtcptzac Glflxpdz

Omz C&D& 1

Oletzd ?; Jzdai `muf mo ~mclplhac  xmtzhdx lf XGB  

Oletzd 5 elvdx af lf'`d~pb vldu mo dahb ~mclplhac xmtzhd acmfe ulpb pbdlz ~mclplhac ~azp|#

xpafhd mf clvd dr~mzp af` ftgjdz mo gdfplmfx& Pbd gakmzlp| mo ~mclplhac xmtzhdx udzd lf pbd

Cajmz ~azp|# ublhb lx fmp xtz~zlxlfe `td pm pbdlz htzzdfp ~mxlplmf mo ~mudz lf pbd Atxpzaclaf

Emvdzfgdfp# af` acc jtp mfd Cajmz xmtzhd xt~~mzpd` pbd jaf& Jmpb pbd Lf`d~df`dfpx af`

Faplmfacx xbazd` a tflomzg vldu af` mvdzacc# pbd zaplm mo ~mclplhlaf xmtzhlfe uax xtjxpafplac&

Xmtzhdx af` aedf`ax

Af aedf`a lx ~zdxdfpd` j| pbd AJH ax fmp mfc| `l` pbd| drdg~p ~mclplhlafx ozmg pbdlz

azplhcdx# jtp pbd| hmfpalfd` a cazed agmtfp mo xmtzhdx ozmg pbd aezlhtcptzac lf`txpz| "oletzd 4,

ublhb zdxtcpd` lf a hcdaz lgjacafhd mo vldux&

Aflgac aezlhtcptzd lf`txpz| xmtzhdx hlpd` lf pbd AJH azd;

@mf Bdapcd| ' Hbalzgaf mo GCA / Qtddfxcaf` happcdgaf

Xl` ^azidz ' Xmtpb Daxp Axlaf Clvdxpmhi Xdzvlhdx

Cahb GhIlffmf ' Aflgac Clvd Dr~mzpdzx Axxmhlaplmf

Ezde @ailf ' Uavd Blcc Xpaplmf Gafaedz

Xpdvd Gddzuac` ' Udccaz` Ztzac Dr~mzpx 

Hacvlf Eaccaebdz ' happcd dr~mzpdz ozmg Fmzgafpmf

Plg GhBteb ' Fmzpb Qtddfxcaf` Happcd Aedfp 

Affajdccd Hm~~lf ' Jddo ~zm`thdz lf pbd ^lcjaza af` Ftooldc` xhbmcaz

Jzag ^mccmhi ' Fmzpb Qtddfxcaf` Xpmhi af` Xpaplmf Aedfp 

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed 1<

Pbd mfc| ajmvd xmtzhd pbap hmf`dgfd` pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d uax Jzag ^mccmhi# ubm

zdhdlvd` gdfplmfx ahzmxx pum azplhcdx& Lp lx tf`dzxpaf`ajcd pm hlpd ~dm~cd lfvmcvd` lf pbd clvd

dr~mzp pza`d# jtp pbdzd lx a hcdaz jlax xbmuf `td pm pbd drpzdgd cahi mo ~mclplhlafx af` aflgac

a`vmhapdx lf hmg~azlxmf& Pbd XGB ~zdvalcd` mvdz pbd AJH lf ~zmvl`lfe a gmzd jacafhd`

ahhmtfp mo xmtzhdx# ax a vdz| xlglcaz agmtfp mo aflgac mzeaflxaplmfx-a`vmhapdx af` aflgac

aezlhtcptzd lf`txpz| ~zmodxxlmfacx udzd xmtzhd`& Acpbmteb ~mclplhlafx af` aflgac aezlhtcptzd

lf`txpz| ~zmodxxlmfacx azd mo a `loodzdfp faptzd# pbd| azd jmpb id| xmtzhdx jdhatxd clvd dr~mzp

`lzdhpc| aoodhpx pbdg af` pbdlz `dhlxlmf mf pbd gappdz lx lg~mzpafp&

 Cdrlhac xp|cd

Pblx ~azplhtcaz gm`d mo afac|xlx lfvmcvdx xpt`|lfe xdfpdfhdx af` umz`x txd` pbap lg~c|

~mudz lgjacafhdx# xthb ax ~mxlplvd gdaflfex mo tx mz fdeaplvd gdaflfex mo pbdg& Dahb

azplhcd uax xtjkdhplvdc| afac|xd` jtp pblx lfomzgaplmf hmtc` fmp jd pajtcapd` `td pm lpx

qtaclpaplvd faptzd& Lfomzgaplmf `dzlvd` ozmg pblx ~azp mo pbd afac|xlx ~zmvd` pm jd mo cdxxdz

vactd pbaf pbd mpbdz xdhplmfx jdhatxd pbd l`dax af` l`dmcmeldx# xmtzhdx af` azplhcd xcafp

accmud` lfpdzdxplfe hmfhctxlmfx pm jd `zauf&

@dxhzljlfe pbd lxxtd

Pbd ua| lf ublhb pbd AJH af` XGB `dxhzljd` pbd lxxtd ax `d~lhpd` lf pbd Omtz Hmzfdzx

~zmezag ‖A Jcmm`| Jtxlfdxx” uax afac|xd` af` ~mcazlxd` zdxtcpx udzd zdhdlvd`& Ulpblf pbd

pum uddi plgd ~dzlm`# flfd mtp mo 1< XGB azplhcdx hmfpalfd` a `dpalcd` `dxhzl~plmf mo pbd

bazg lfoclhpd` mf Atxpzaclaf clvdxpmhi lf hdzpalf Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx;

–  Atxpzaclaf happcd ap vazlmtx Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx bavlfe pbdlz pbzmapx htp mf avdzaed 1> plgdx ubdf lp 

xbmtc` paid mfd xpzmid# `|lfe ~zmcmfed` `dapbx af` jdlfe jdapdf af` emted` ‗ "XGB 8> Ga| :>11,&

–  Atxpzaclaf happcd ap vazlmtx ajappmlzx bavd jddf olcgd` bavlfe pbdlz pbzmapx htp mf avdzaed 1> plgdx ubdf

lp xbmtc` paid mfd# `|lfe ~zmcmfed` ̀ dapbx ax udcc ax jdlfe xavaedc| jdapdf af` emted` ‗ "XGB 8> Ga|

:>11,&

– Mtpzaed mvdz pbd pmzptzd mo Atxpzaclaf jdaxpx lf Lf`mfdxlaf xcatebpdzbmtxdx  umzidzx "udzd, xpag~lfe

mf pbd bda`x mo happcd af` omzhlfe mfd jmvlfd pm uaci ulpb a jzmidf cde  Aflgacx udzd xbmuf `|lfe

 ~zmcmfed` `dapbx af` jdlfe jdapdf af` emted` ‗  "Mxjmzfd dp& ac& :>11,&

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :>

– Pbd ommpaed# alzd` mf pbd AJH%x Omtz Hmzfdzx ~zmezag mf Gmf`a| flebp# xbmux happcd `|lfe ~zmcmfed` 

`dapbx af` jdlfe jdapdf af` emted` ‗  "XGB 8> Ga| :>11,&

– Happcd udzd xbmuf jdlfe jdapdf# emted` af` xtoodzlfe xcmu ̀ dapbx‗ "XGB 81 Ga| :>11,&

– Pbd zd~mzp   xbmud` happcd ap vazlmtx Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx bavlfe pbdlz pbzmapx bahid` ap  # `|lfe

 ~zmcmfed` `dapbx# bavlfe pbdlz cdex jzmidf af` pbdlz pdf`mfx htp af` jdlfe jdapdf af` emted` ‗   "XGB

81 Ga| :>11,&

– Pbd ommpaed  xbmud` happcd lf Lf`mfdxlaf xcatebpdzbmtxdx jdlfe ilhid` af` ubl~~d` & Mfd hmu# ublhb

jzmid lpx cde mf pbd ajappmlz%x ocmmz# ba` lpx palc jzmidf# d|dx emted` af` uapdz ~mtzd` lf lpx fmxpzlcx&

Xmgd happcd udzd xcatebpdzd` ulpb jctfp iflvdx‗   "XGB 1 Ktfd :>11,&

– Bda` xca~~lfe # ubdzd pbd ~aflhid` ~zmxpzapd aflgac hmfxpafpc| jafex lpx bda` mf pbd xpddc `zalflfe

pzmteb ax a zdxtcp mo pbd `dxlef mo pbd Atxpzaclaf Gazi 1 jmrdx  pbd avdzaed ftgjdz mo htpx pm af

aflgac%x pbzmap ~zlmz pm cmxx mo hmfxhlmtxfdxx uax omtz  # ulpb t~ pm 12 htpx zdhmz`d` ‗ "Jtzid :>11,& 

– Happcd jdlfe xpmg~d` mf af` gacpzdapd` lf xmgd Lf`mfdxlaf xcatebpdzbmtxdx‗  "XGB ? Ktfd :>11,&

Fdux azplhcdx xbmtc` ~zmvl`d pbd zda`dz ulpb xmgd jahiezmtf` lfomzgaplmf mf pbd lxxtd

af` fmp axxtgd pbd zda`dz bax xddf mz bdaz` ajmtp lp& Pbd XGB hmfxpafpc| zdglf`d` pbd

zda`dz ajmtp pbd lxxtd pbzmtebmtp pbd pum uddi afac|xlx plgd x~af# ublhb lx lf clfd ulpb oalz

 kmtzfaclxplh ~zahplhdx af` hzdapdx a ~mudz'jacafhd omz pbd vmlhdcdxx aflgacx& Pbd AJH hbmxd

pm paid a gmzd omzgac xpafhd af` pbzmteb pblx# xmctplmfx pm pbd ~zmjcdg udzd `lxhtxxd`

pbzmteb pbd txd mo xmtzhdx& Pbd AJH hmfpalfd` mfd `dxhzl~plmf mo aflgac hztdcp| lfoclhpd` mf

clvdxpmhi& Bmudvdz# lp uax a jzldo `dxhzl~plmf mo fmp Atxpzaclaf jtp Fdu [dacaf` clvdxpmhi lf:>>8; –btf`zd`x mo xbdd~ `ld` lf xudcpdzlfe bdap‗ "Omxpdz :>11,& Fmp ax gthb dg~baxlx

mf pbd faptzd mo pbd lxxtd uax dg~baxlxd` lf AJH fdux azplhcdx ubdf hmg~azd` pm pbd XGB&

Pbd omccmulfe drhdz~p elvdx tx af l`da mo pbd omzgac af` `dpahbd` pmfd txd` lf AJH azplhcdx; –  Atxpzacla%x clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| bax zdcdaxd` a ~caf pm lg~zmvd aflgac udcoazd lf lpx id| gazidpx‗  

"Emm`d :>11,&

Pblx xdfpdfhd xbmux pbap pbd AJH pzdapd` pblx lxxtd ax af a`glflxpzaplvd gappdz ublhb

`lzdhpc| hmfhdzfx pbd jzma` clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz|# pbtx ~tpplfe pbdg lf pbd ~mxlplmf mo ~mudz&

Pbd azplhcd `mdx fmp `dxhzljd pbd ~caf af| otzpbdz# fmz elvd `dpalcx ajmtp pbd hztdcp| lfoclhpd`

mf Atxpzaclaf clvdxpmhi& Lp `mdx# bmudvdz# x~dai ajmtp pbd –~zdxxtzd‗ odcp j| a ~dzxmf ozmg

pbd Clvd Dr~mzpdzx Axxmhlaplmf "CDA,& Ap olzxp ecafhd# pbd txd mo pbd umz`x –~zdxxtzd‗ af`

–xpzdxx‗ dvmid oddclfex mo dg~apb| pmuaz`x pbd CDA& Jtp ubdf pbd hmfpdrp mo pblx baz`xbl~ lx

pbmtebp ajmtp# ud haf xdd pbap pbd lf`txpz| lx xpzdxxd` jdhatxd pbd pztpb bax jddf zdvdacd` pm

pbd ~tjclh& Pbdzd lx a hcdaz ~mudz lgjacafhd pbap lx `lxetlxd` j| pbd txd mo dgmplvd umz`x pm

`dxhzljd pbd zd~dzhtxxlmfx mo pbd `dgmhzaplh Omtz Hmzfdzx ~zmezag&

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :1

Hmccmqtlac cafetaed af` umzilfe'hcaxx l`dmcmeldx

Pbd AJH oavmtzd` xmtzhlfe aflgac aezlhtcptzd lf`txpz| ~dzxmffdc# gaf| mo ubmg udzd

lf`lvl`tacx `lzdhpc| lfvmcvd` ulpb pbd aflgacx& Lf clfd ulpb pblx pbdgd mo umzilfe'hcaxx

Atxpzaclafx uax pbd txd mo hmccmqtlac pdzglfmcme|& Pbd omccmulfe `a| aopdz af azplhcd uax

~tjclxbd` mf pbd –~zdxxtzd‗ oahd` j| pbd clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| ax gdfplmfd` ajmvd# afmpbdz

azplhcd uax ~tjclxbd` `dxhzljlfe pbd –cmfe Udp xdaxmf‗ ublhb jmmxpd` clvd dr~mzp xacdx&

Acpbmteb pbd pdzg ga| jd omzdlef pm pbmxd ubm cahi ifmucd`ed mo aflgac aezlhtcptzd# lp

`lx~dfxdx a ~mxlplvd# Atxpzaclaf mtpjahi vljd ublhb lx lf clfd ublhb hmtfpdzahpx ~axp fmplmfx

lf pbd gd`la mo oazgdzx jappclfe pbd `zmtebp& Afmpbdz azplhcd otzpbdz ~zdxdfpx pblx vldu j|

xteedxplfe pbap –happcd oazgdzx ulcc em jzmid‗ af` pbd jaf umtc` xdf` –eza{ldzx pm pbd uacc‗ 

"^blccl~x :>11,# ublhb accmux pbd zda`dz pm hmffdhp ulpb pbd lf`lvl`tacx gdfplmfd` ubm hcalg

pm jd mf pbd d`ed mo ptzgmlc&

Ahplvd vmlhd

Dahb azplhcd uax hbdhid` omz umz`x af` xdfpdfhdx pbap pzleedzd` a xdfxd mo tzedfh| ajmtp

pbd fdd` omz a zdomzg mo pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d& 45 ~dz hdfp mo azplhcdx ~tjclxbd` mf pbd XGB

udjxlpd udzd kt`ed` pm hmfpalf pbdxd p|~dx mo umz`x# hmg~azd` pm :4 ~dz hdfp mf pbd AJH

udjxlpd& Jdcmu azd drhdz~px ozmg xpmzldx# lfhct`lfe qtmpdx ozmg xmtzhdx;

XGB  

– Pbd od`dzac emvdzfgdfp lx tf`dz  ~zdxxtzd pm df` clvd happcd dr~mzpx pm Lf`mfdxla ubmxd ajappmlzx bavd jddf

dr~mxd` omz aflgac hztdcp| ‗ "XGB 8> Ga| :>11,

*Ud fdd` pm ahifmucd`ed pbdzd lx a ~zmjcdg& Ud fdd` pm ahifmucd`ed pbap pblfex bavdf%p hbafed` qtlhic| 

dfmteb omz mtz clilfe  Atxpzacla gtxp jaf clvd aflgac dr~mzpx pm Lf`mfdxla lggd`lapdc| ‗   

"XGB 81 Ga| :>11,

– PBD Elccaz` emvdzfgdfp bax xca~~d` jafx mf clvd happcd dr~mzpx pm acgmxp a `m{df Lf`mfdxlaf ajappmlzx '

af` lx fmp ztclfe mtp df`lfe pbd pza`d acpmedpbdz ' aopdz a otzlmtx Cajmz jahijdfhb `dgaf`d` xpzmfedz 

ahplmf pbaf af lfqtlz|& @tzlfe af dgmplmfac Cajmz hathtx gddplfe |dxpdz`a|# ajmtp :> G^x zmxd t~ af` 

`dgaf`d` gmzd& %%Ud pmc` blg af lfqtlz| uax jtccxblp  #%% xal` mfd G^& %%Ud bavd ba` dfmteb lfqtlzldx&%%  

"Hmmzd| :>11, 

–  Axxmhlaplmf hbalzgaf Jza` Jdcclfedz; *Ud%zd vdz| afez| ajmtp lp#* *Gdap af` Clvdxpmhi Atxpzacla axxtzd` 

tx pbd| udzd `mlfe ~zm~dz xtzvdlccafhd mo ajappmlzx lf Lf`mfdxla&* "AA^ :>11,

– Pbd emvdzfgdfp acxm lefmzd` acazg jdccx pbap zafe 12 gmfpbx aem‗ "Jtzid :>11,

– G^x azd jdlfe jmgjaz`d` ulpb ~cdax pm df` pbd pza`d‗ "XGB 8 Ktfd :>11,

– YEdpT~ ga`dW A ~cda pm pbd ^zlgd Glflxpdz ‗ "Jtzid 0 Ktfd :>11,

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed ::

– Zdx~mfxd pm pbd ommpaed  aoodhplfe dvdf baz`dfd` vldudzx‗ "Jazcaxx :>11,

– Mtpzaed aopdz pbd jzma`haxp mo ommpaed mo pbd jztpac pzdapgdfp mo happcd @dgaf` omz a pmpac xtx~dfxlmf mo 

pbd pza`d zdgalfx xpzmfe af` a xdzlmtx m~plmf‗ "Accaz` :>11,

Id| umz`x bavd jddf jmc`d` pm blebclebp pbd ozdqtdfp txd mo ~zmahplvd# dgmplvd umz`x lf

a``zdxxlfe pbd lxxtd& Pbd lfhctxlmf mo pbdxd umz`x lfoclhpx a xdfxd mo tzedfh| af` pbdzdomzd

dg~baxl{dx pbd lxxtd”x lg~mzpafhd& Mvdzacc# XGB fdux azplhcdx udzd fmp ~axxlvd ubdf jmpb

pbd dgmplvd vdzjx af` a`kdhplvdx gdfplmfd` ajmvd af` pbd `dpalcd` aflgac hztdcp|

`dxhzl~plmfx azd paidf lfpm ahhmtfp& Pbdlz azplhcdx oahlclpapd` `djapd jdpuddf gmxp ax~dhpx mo 

lf`lvl`tacx lfvmcvd`# lfhct`lfe aflgac a`vmhapdx EdpT~!# ~mclplhlafx af` ~dzxmffdc lf pbd

clvdxpmhi pza`d lf`txpz|&

Pbd AJH# bmudvdz# mfc| lfhct`d` pbzdd ":4 ~dz hdfp mo, azplhcdx pbap hmfpalfd` xdfpdfhdx

af` umz`x mo a ~zmahplvd faptzd ajmtp a fdd` omz zdomzg pm pbd pza`d&

 AJH 

– Pbd clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| bax jddf xcmu lf lg~zmvlfe aflgac udcoazd‗ " AJH :4 Ga|,

– Pbd Od`dzac emvp xa|x pbd lf`txpz|%x paidf pmm cmfe pm hbafed ~zahplhdx‗  "Jzaff dp& ac& :>11,

–  A happcd dr~mzpdz ozmg Fmzgafpmf xa|x xmgd fmzpbdzf jddo ~zm`thdzx umtc` em jzmid lo pbd clvd dr~mzp 

lf`txpz| uax pm hcmxd mz jd xtx~df`d` ‗ "^blccl~x :>11,&

Pbd ajmvd `lxhmtzxdx azd xlglcaz lf faptzd# ax pbd clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| lx hzlplhlxd` omz fmp

ahplfe qtlhi dfmteb& Pbdxd xpapdgdfpx paid ~mudz af` ~zdxpled aua| ozmg pbd emvdzfgdfp

af` lfpm pbd baf`x mo pbmxd a`vmhaplfe omz a zdomzg mz jaf pm pbd pza`d& Bmudvdz# pbd AJH ”x

hbmlhd mo umz`x uax fmp ax ahplvd ax pbd XGB af` hmtc` bavd blf`dzd` pbd fdux

mzeaflxaplmf”x doodhplvdfdxx lf ~zmkdhplfe pbdlz gdxxaed& Mf pbd mpbdz df` mo pbd x~dhpztg# pbd

txd mo ahplvd umz`x hmtc` jd hbazahpdzlxplh mo pajcml` gd`la jdhatxd pbd umz`x xdzvd ax

‖bmmix” pm `zau zda`dzx lf& Edfdzacc|# pbd AJH”x cdrlhac xp|cd uax ~zmodxxlmfac af` mjkdhplvd#

ubdzdax pbd XGB”x txd mo ‖jt{{” umz`x blebclebpd` pbdlz l`dacx mo pbd lg~mzpafhd mo zdomzg

pm a gmvdgdfp hmfpalflfe hmzzt~plmf&

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :8

Hmfhctxlmf

Pblx zd~mzp ~zmvl`dx a xfa~xbmp hzlplhac `lxhmtzxd afac|xlx mo pbd XGB af` AJH”x

`d~lhplmf mo pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d xhaf`ac jdpuddf Ga| :8 af` Ktfd ?# :>11& Zdcdvafp

hmfhctxlmfx udzd `zauf af` blebclebpd` ahzmxx dahb azda mo afac|xlx& Pbd xtz~zlxlfe zdxtcpx

lf`lhapd` pbap pbd XGB zd~mzpd` mf pbd lxxtd ulpb a blebdz `dezdd mo oalzfdxx af` ahhtzah|

ahzmxx dahb xdhpmz& Pbd hmggdzhlac faptzd mo pblx gd`la mtpcdp acmfe ulpb lpx mufdzxbl~ j|

gd`la xt~dz~mudz Oalzoar umtc` cda` mfd pm axxtgd jlaxd` zd~mzplfe ulpb af tf`dzc|lfe

aedf`a& Pblx axxtg~plmf uax otzpbdz lfxplccd` j| olf`lfex lf pbd :>>2 Xpapd mo pbd ^zlfp Fdux

Gd`la zd~mzp ublhb zdvdacd` pbap pbd lfhzdaxd` hmfhdfpzaplmf mo Atxpzacla ”x gd`la bax cd` pm

zd~mzplfe jaxd` mf jzljdz| af` hmggdzhlac df`mzxdgdfp# agmfexp mpbdz pblfex&

Ubdf kt`ed` j| bda`clfd xcafp af` mvdzacc azplhcd xcafp# pbd XGB ~zdvalcd` lf pdzgx mo 

jacafhd af` oalz zd~mzplfe# acpbmteb pbd bleb agmtfp mo bda`clfdx xcafpd` aealfxp clvd dr~mzp

hmg~azd` pm azplhcd xcafp hmtc` jd hbazahpdzlxplh mo pajcml` bda`clfdx pm `zau appdfplmf pm pbd

xpmz|& Ap pbd plgd# pbd clvd dr~mzp pza`d pm Lf`mfdxla uax dr~mxd` ax drpzdgdc| hmzzt~p af`

fdux zd~mzpx xbmtc` bavd blebclebpd` pblx# ax udcc ax ~zdxdfplfe a jacafhd` azetgdfp& Pbd

AJH oavmtzd` `dodfhd mo pbd pza`d mvdz pailfe a fdtpzac a~~zmahb# ublhb lx xmgdpblfe mfdumtc` fmp axxtgd ozmg a `dgmhzaplh emvdzfgdfp xmtzhd&

Afmpbdz vdz| lfpdzdxplfe hmfhctxlmf `zauf uax pbap acpbmteb jmpb fdux xmtzhdx zd~mzpd`

mf pbd xagd lxxtd lf pbd xagd plgd ozagd# xmgd mo pbdlz l`dax af` l`dmcmeldx `loodzd`& Jmpb

~txbd` pbd fmplmf pbap pbd dhmfmg| ulcc xtoodz lo pbd pza`d lx hdaxd`# bmudvdz# pbd XGB uax

gthb gmzd a`agafp ajmtp dr~mxlfe hmzzt~plmf lf a `dgmhzaplh xmhldp|& Afmpbdz `loodzdfhd lf

zd~mzplfe afecd uax dvl`dfp lf xmtzhdx# ax pbd gakmzlp| mo xmtzhdx hlpd` j| pbd XGB udzd

~mclplhlafx# ax m~~mxd` pm pbd AJH oavmtzlfe aflgac clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| ~dzxmffdc& Caxpc|#

pbd XGB ozdqtdfpc| pmmi af ahplvd af` `dxhzl~plvd cdrlhac a~~zmahb ax pbd hmzzt~plmf lf pbd

clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| uax blebclebpd`# acmfe ulpb lgaedz| mo aflgac hztdcp|& Pbd AJH

~zdodzzd` pm galfpalf a ~zmodxxlmfac xpafhd af` omhtx mf pbd zd~dzhtxxlmfx mo jafflfe pbd

pza`d# ax udcc ax gmvdgdfp j| pbd emvdzfgdfp pm agdf` oatcpx&

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :0

Jljclmeza~b| 

AJH "Atxpzaclaf Jzma`haxplfe Hmz~mzaplmf, ":>11,# –A Jcmm`| Jtxlfdxx‗ ^zmezag Pzafxhzl~p# Omtz 

Hmzfdzx# bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-0hmzfdzx-hmfpdfp-:>11-x8:8><80&bpg 

AJA "Atxpzaclaf Jtzdat mo Xpaplxplhx, :>>1# ‖Xmtzhdx mo Fdux af` Htzzdfp Aooalzx#” 8 Ga| "~zlfp

mfc|, lf ^azclagdfp mo Atxpzacla ":>>?,# ‖Gd`la Mufdzxbl~ Zdetcaplmf lf Atxpzacla#”

bpp~;--uuu&a~b&emv&at-cljzaz|-lfpetl`d-X^-Gd`la]Zdetcaplmf&bpg 

AHGA "Atxpzaclaf Hmggtflhaplmfx af` Gd`la Atpbmzlp|, ":>11,# ‖@lelpac Atxpzaclafx; hmfpdfpgmzd lg~mzpafp pbaf `dclvdz| ~capomzg#” :> Mhpmjdz#

bpp~;--uuu&ahga&emv&at-UDJ-XPAF@AZ@-~h7^H]01>:>1

Atxpzaclaf Emvdzfgdfp @d~azpgdfp mo Aezlhtcptzd# Olxbdzldx af` Omzdxpz| "@AOO, ":>11,#‖Ozdqtdfpc| Axid` Qtdxplmfx; Clvd Dr~mzp Pza`d ‘ Gl``cd Daxp#”

bpp~;--uuu&`aoo&emv&at-]]`apa-axxdpx-~`o]olcd->>>4-084:21-clvd'pza`d'oaqx&~`o  

A^H "Atxpzaclaf ^zdxx Hmtfhlc, :>>2# ‖Xpapd mo pbd ~zlfp fdux gd`la lf Atxpzacla#”

bpp~;--uuu&~zdxxhmtfhlc&mze&at-t~cma`x-4:8:1-xpapd'mo'pbd'fdux'~zlfp'gd`la':>>2&~`o  

Hmggmfudacpb mo Atxpzacla ":>11,# Atxpzaclaf Xpaf`az`x omz pbd Dr~mzp mo Clvdxpmhi "_dzxlmf :&8,

:>11 af` Atxpzaclaf ^mxlplmf Xpapdgdfp mf pbd Dr~mzp mo Clvdxpmhi#

bpp~;--uuu&`aoo&emv&at-]]`apa-axxdpx-~`o]olcd->>1>-1<>08?4-atxpzaclaf'xpaf`az`x'v:&8&~`o  

Hmvdz# Z ":>>?,# ‖At`ldfhd Lfpdz-ahplvd; Lfpdzahplvd Gd`la# Fazzaplvd Hmfpzmc af` Zdhmfhdlvlfe

At`ldfhd Blxpmz|#” Fdu Gd`la af` Xmhldp| 2# ~~& 18<'42

Oalzhcmteb# F ":>>4,# Hzlplhac @lxhmtzxd Afac|xlx#bpp~;--xdglmplhx&ftzd`&tmug&ez-~`ox-PBDMZ\]OALZHCMTEB&~`o 

Iazjmtzlx# P ":>11,# Lf`d~df`dfp Zdvldu mf Clvdxpmhi Dr~mzp Pza`d#“  

bpp~;--uuu&clvdxpmhidr~mzpzdvldu&emv&at-xtjglxxlmf]zdhdlvd`-paf|a'iazjmtzlx 

GCA "Gdap af` Clvdxpmhi Atxpzacla, :>11# ‖Odd`lfe# olflxblfe af` ftpzlplmf#”bpp~;--uuu&gca&hmg&at-Clvdxpmhi'~zm`thplmf-Odd`lfe'olflxblfe'af`'ftpzlplmf  

^azclagdfp mo Atxpzacla ":>>?,# ‖Gd`la Mufdzxbl~ Zdetcaplmf lf Atxpzacla#”

bpp~;--uuu&a~b&emv&at-cljzaz|-lfpetl`d-X^-Gd`la]Zdetcaplmf&bpg 

^mccmf#G ":>1>,# ‖Aflgac Udcoazd; OAQ / Txdotc Clfix#”

bpp~;--glhbadc~mccaf&hmg-zdxmtzhdx-aflgac'udcoazd-  

Zm| Gmzeaf Zdxdazhb ":>>4,# ‖Mc` Gd`la @mglfapdx Mfclfd”

bpp~;--uuu&zm|gmzeaf&hmg-fdux-~zdxx'zdcdaxdx-:>>?-0?0-  Idzlf# C ":>1>,# ‖Haccx omz Clvd Dr~mzp jaf pm Gl``cd Daxp#” Atxpzaclaf Jzma`haxplfe Hmz~mzaplmf#

bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ag-hmfpdfp-:>1>-x8>284?0&bpg=xlpd7bmjazp 

vaf @lki# P&A ":>>5, ‖Pbd xpt`| mo `lxhmtzxd; af lfpzm`thplmf” lf Pdtf A&vaf @lki "D`&,# @lxhmtzxd

Xpt`ldx& 4 vmcx& Xaed Jdfhbgazix lf @lxhmtzxd Xpt`ldx& "~~& rlr'rcll,& Cmf`mf; Xaed&

vaf @lki# P&A "1<<4, ‖M~lflmfx af` l`dmcmeldx lf pbd ~zdxx#”

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :4

^a~dz Zmtf` Pajcd mf Gd`la @lxhmtzxd# Haz`loo# Ktc| 2'1># lf Accaf Jdcc af` ^dpdz Eazzdpp "D`x&,#A~~zmahbdx pm Gd`la @lxhmtzxd& "~~& :1'?8,& Mromz`; Jcahiudcc# 1<<2 

vaf @lki# P&A "1<<8,# ‖^zlfhl~cdx mo hzlplhac `lxhmtzxd afac|xlx#” @lxhmtzxd / Xmhldp| # 0":,# 1<<8#:0<':28

_af @lki# P&A "1<22,# ‖Fdux Afac|xlx; Haxd Xpt`ldx mo Lfpdzfaplmfac af` Faplmfac Fdux lf pbd ^zdxx#”bpp~;--uuu&`lxhmtzxdx&mze-Mc`Jmmix-Pdtf:>A:>vaf:>@lki:>':>Fdux:>Afac|xlx&~`o  

Azplhcdx afac|xd` ' AJH

AJH ":>11,# ‖Cmfe Udp xdaxmf jmmxpx clvd dr~mzp ~zlhdx# :? Ga|#bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-fdux-hmfpdfp-:>11>4-x8::5022&bpg 

AJH ":>11,# ‖Ct`ule xa|x clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| pmm xcmu lf lg~zmvlfe aflgac udcoazd”# :4 Ga|#

bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-fdux-hmfpdfp-:>11>4-x8::?854&bpg 

AJH Ztzac ":>11,# ‖Ct`ule mz`dzx lfvdxpleaplmf lfpm clvd dr~mzp hztdcp|#” 8> Ga|# bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-fdux-hmfpdfp-:>11>4-x8:8>:>8&bpg 

AJH Ztzac ":>11,# ‖Xmgd happcd ~zm`thdzx zdhmfxl`dzlfe clvd dr~mzp#” : Ktfd#bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-fdux-hmfpdfp-:>11>?-x8:88?42&bpg Jzaff# G af` ^blccl~x# A ":>11,# ‖Ae glflxpdz xa|x clvd dr~mzp lf`txpz| %pmm xcmu% pm lg~zmvd aflgacudcoazd#” :? Ga|# bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-qc`-hmfpdfp-:>11->4-x8::5285&bpg 

Omxpdz# G ":>11,# %Fdu [dacaf` galfpalfx :>>8 jafx mf clvd dr~mzp omz xcatebpdz#% AJH Ztzac# Ktfd :#

bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-pdcdeza~b-hmfpdfp-:>11-x8:8851?&bpg 

Emm`d# G ":>11,# Lf`txpz| ga~x mtp clvd dr~mzp ~caf# AJH# :8 Ga|#bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-vlh-hmfpdfp-:>11->4-x8::08::&bpg 

Bacc# G ":>11,# %Jddo lf`txpz| fdzvmtx# jtp clvd dr~mzp oacc mtp |dp pm blp ~zlhdx#% AJH ZtzacQtddfxcaf`#” Ktfd :# bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-qc`-hmfpdfp-:>11->?-x8:88<??&bpg 

Bacc# G ":>11,# %GCA hbalz `dodf`x clvd dr~mzp#% AJH Ztzac Qtddfxcaf`# Ktfd :#bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-qc`-hmfpdfp-:>11->?-x8:88<55&bpg 

Glcfdz# X ":>11,# ‖Uazflfe; Lf`mfdxla ga| olf` fdu clvd dr~mzp gazidpx#” Ktfd 8#

bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-fxu-hmfpdfp-:>11->?-x8:80<0:&bpg 

Gtccdz# E ":>11,# ‖Mtpzaed hmfplftdx mvdz clvd dr~mzp pza`d pm Lf`mfdxla#”  AJH Ztzac# Ktfd 1#bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-pdcdeza~b-hmfpdfp-:>11-x8:8:512&bpg 

^blccl~x# A ":>11, ‖Etco ~zm`thdz xa|x af| clvd dr~mzp jaf ulcc xdf` eza{ldzx pm pbd uacc#” 8> Ga|#

bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-qc`-hmfpdfp-:>11->4-x8:8>55>&bpg 

_azlxhbdppl# J ":>11,# ‖Ae Glflxpdz xa|x udcoazd xpaf`az`x gtxp jd galfpalfd` pm hmfplftd clvd dr~mzppza`d#” 8> Ga|# bpp~;--uuu&ajh&fdp&at-ztzac-ua-hmfpdfp-:>11->4-x8:8><:<&bpg 

7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

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Glhbdccd @laj ^aed :?

Azplhcdx Afac|xd` ' XGB

AA^ ":>11,# %Jddo oazgdzx qtdz| txd mo cdvldx#% Ktfd 1# bpp~;--fdux&xgb&hmg&at-jzdailfe'fdux'

faplmfac-jddo'oazgdzx'qtdz|'txd'mo'cdvldx':>11>?>1'1oo<u&bpgc 

AA^ ":>11,# %Clvd dr~mzpx xtx~df`d` pm xmgd ajappmlzx#% Ga| 81# bpp~;--fdux&xgb&hmg&at-jzdailfe'

fdux'faplmfac-clvd'dr~mzpx'xtx~df`d`'pm'xmgd'ajappmlzx':>11>481'1o`p4&bpgc 

AA^ ":>11,# %Ct`ule mz`dzx lfqtlz| lfpm Lf`mf happcd#% Ga| 8># bpp~;--fdux&xgb&hmg&at-jzdailfe'

fdux'faplmfac-ct`ule'mz`dzx'lfqtlz|'lfpm'lf`mf'happcd':>11>48>'1ohxx&bpgc 

Accaz`# P ":>11,# ‖Faplmfx tflpd pm jaflxb ajappmlzx#” Ktfd ?#

bpp~;--uuu&xgb&hmg&at-dfvlzmfgdfp-aflgacx-faplmfx'tflpd'pm'jaflxb'ajappmlzx':>11>?>4'1ofke&bpgc 

Accaz`# P# Ulcclfebag# K af` Z ":>11,# %Fdu ztcdx mf happcd omz Lf`mfdxla#% Ktfd ?#

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7/31/2019 Final Essay Diab

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/final-essay-diab 27/27

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