i

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEMS

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English

by:

RUDY TRI PAMBUDI

A320120109

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2016

ii

iii

iv

v

MOTTO

Every story has an ending. But in life, sometimes an ending is just a

new beginning (Marilyn Monroe).

vi

DEDICATION

This research paper is dedicated to:

His beloved parents, (Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Mursilah), his beloved brother

(Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and family and Heri Setyo Budi and family), his

beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas), thanks a lot for your support, pray and

blessing.

His friends in EDSO UMS 2012 (Mr. Randy, Mr. Bekti, Miss Nisa, rhizal, Nety,

Finsa, Kurniawan, Irin, Intan, Riski, Fasih, Hutomo, Dyta, Nanik, Wahyu, Aulia,

Dian and all of EDSOLOVER UMS 2012.

His friends in BEM UMS 2015 (Mr. Alfin, Miss Ayuno, Miss Umi, Miss

Barokah, Arfan, Aulia, Ika, Astrid, Muklis, Fina, Dwi, Nurul, Indri, Hanan,

Bagus, Furi, Ipin, Nury, Iwan, Agus, Galuh, Dian, Fafa, Kino and Wahyu).

His family in Gemes Kingdom (Aprilia, Okta, Carol, Adel and Ugik).

His family in Third Division 2015 (Bahtiar, Febrian, Putik, Irfan, Dwi Mustika,

Suci, Winda, Mayang, Nanda, Kumala, Sandi, Yuliantika, Faisal, Darma, Dwi

Astuti, Aulia Rahma, Yakub, Dini, Ulfa, Annas, Dyah, Umi, Fareza, Roviyana,

Burhan, and Hasim.

His Nusantara family (Richo, Herlina, Rezky, Risma, Arga, Sinta, and Vernanda)

His friends in Department of English Education who cannot mentioned one by

one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper.

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like to

say thank to Allah SWT the almighty for mercy and blessing for the writer in

making research paper to fulfill one of requirement for the undergraduate

degree of education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally

completes her research paper entitled “FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN

ROBERT FROST’S POEMS”.

Sholawat and salam are also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW

who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this

research paper, the writer find some problems and obstacles. so that this

research paper cannot be finished without help from the others who give

support, guidance, suggestion, and constructive criticism. Finally the writer

would like to express her thanks for those who helped him.

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., the Dean of Teacher Training

and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of English Education Department.

3. Dr. Maryadi, M. A., the first consultant and the inspiring person for giving

his advice, guidance, help, and patience so that this research paper can be

finished as well.

4. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum, as the second consultants who has examined

and correted his research paper.

5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the third consultants who has

examined and correted his research paper.

6. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho. M.Hum,as the academic consultant for having

guidance and help indirectly during the research’s study in

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

viii

7. All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving the

writer knowledge, help, and motivation for his research paper.

8. His beloved Dad Sukasno and Mom Mursilah for their exception, love,

support, pray, and advice so that the writer is motivated to finish his

research paper.

9. His beloved brother ( Muhammad Fauzi Aris Setiono and Heri Setyo

Budi) who always gives the writer spirit and love.

10. His beloved sister ( Hasymah Setyaning Tyas).

11. His beloved friends in Departement of English Education. Thank you for

the warm togetherness.

12. All who cannot mentioned one by one in helping the writer in finishing

this research paper.

The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect. The

writer hopes and needs the constructive criticism and suggestion to make this

research papaer better. To progress the next study, he invites the readers to give

comments, criticism, and suggestion. The writer expects that this research

paper can be useful and give contribution to the other researcher.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.

Surakarta, 10 July2016

Rudy Tri Pambudi

A320120109

ix

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEMS

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama yang diusulkan oleh peneliti, yaitu,

(1) untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bahasa kiasan yang terkandung dalam

puisinya Robert Frost dan, (2) untuk mengetahui makna tersirat dari bahasa

kiasan yang terkandung di dalam puisinya Robert Frost. Jenis penelitian ini

adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari

puisi karya Robert Frost. Mengenai teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti

menggunakan dokumentasi dengan mempelajari secara mendalam tentang

puisi-puisi karya Robert Frost. Maka peneliti mengklasifikasikan data ke dalam

bahasa kiasan menggunakan teori Perrine Lawrence dan ilmuwan lain yang

mendukungnya. Sementara mengenai makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang

digunakan dalam puisi karya Robert Frost ini, peneliti menggunakan teori dari

Geoffrey Leech tentang jenis makna dan teori ilmuwan lainnya yang

mendukungnya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam puisi karya

Robert Frost, ada enam jenis bahasa kiasan yang digunakan yaitu;

personifikasi, methapora, simbol, ironi, hiperbola, dan apostrof. Terkait dengan

makna tersirat dari bahasa kiasan yang digunakan dalam puisi, peneliti

menemukan empat jenis makna tersirat yaitu; makna konseptual, makna

konotatif, makna gaya dan makna afektif.

Kata kunci: bahasa kiasan, makna tersirat,Robert Frost, puisi.

x

ABSTRACT

Rudy Tri Pambudi. A 320 120 109. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN

ROBERT FROST’S POEMS. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of

Surakarta. 2016.

This research is aiming on 1) identifying the types of figurative language used

in Robert Frost’s Poems. and 2) explaining the implied meaning used in Robert

Frost’s Poems.

In this research, the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative as the type of the

research. The object of the study is figurative language used in Robert Frost’s

Poems. The data of this research are four poems that containing figurative

language and implied meaning used in Robert Frost’s Poems, there are (1) The

Road Not Taken, (2) Stoping By Woods On A Snowy Evening, (3) Tree At My

Window, and (4) Wind And Window Flower. The researcher uses

documentation to collect the data then coding the figurative language used in

Robert Frost’s Poems.

The results show that (1) there are six types of figurative language in Robert

Frost’s poems namely: personification, symbol, methapor, hyperbole, irony and

apostrophe. There are actually twelve types of figurative language based on

Lawrence Perrine’s Theory. However the researcher does not find simile,

understatement, allegory, synecdoche, paradox, and metonymy in Robert

Frost’s poems. Figurative Language has been mentioned above, there are

37,50% of personification, 29,16% of symbol, 16,66% of methapor, 8,33% of

hyperbole, 4,16% of irony, and 4,16% of apostrophe. The amount of data

found in Robert Frost’s poems is 24. And (2) The types of implied meaning in

Robert Frost’s Poems, there are four types out of seven of the implied meaning

in Robert Frost’s Poems namely: connotative meaning, stylistic or social

meaning, affective meaning, and conceptual meaning. There are actually seven

types of implied meaning based on Goeffrey Leech’s theory. However the

researcher does not find collocative meaning, thematic meaning, and reflective

meaning in Robert Frost’s Poems. As it has been mentioned above in the table

that there are 45,83% of connotative meaning, 37,50% of stylistic or social

meaning, 12,50% of affective meaning, and 4,16% of conceptual meaning. The

total data are 24 found and analyzed into the types of implied meaning used in

Robert Frost’s Poems.

Keywords: Figurative Language, Implied Meaning, Robert Frost,The Poems.

xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE .................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL .......................................................................................... ii

ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................... iii

TESTIMONY ........................................................................................ iv

MOTTO ................................................................................................. v

DEDICATION ...................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK ......................... ................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................. xii

ABBREVIATION ............................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................... I

A. Research Context .............................................. 1

B. Focus of the Study ............................................ 2

C. Objective of the Study ...................................... 3

D. Benefit of the Study .......................................... 3

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................... 4

A. Previous Study .................................................. 4

B. Theoretical Review ........................................... 7

1. Figurative Language .................................. 7

a. Notion of Figurative Language ............. 7

b. Types of Figurative Language .............. 7

2. Theory of Meaning .................................... 12

a. Notion of Meaning ................................ 12

b. Types of Meaning ................................. 13

c. Speech Context ..................................... 17

3. Poems ........................................................ 19

4. Robert Frost ............................................... 19

xii

CHAPTER III RESEARCHMETHOD ............................................ 23

A. Type of the Study .............................................. 23

B. Object of the Study ........................................... 23

C. Data and the Data Sources ................................ 23

D. Technique of Collecting Data ........................... 24

E. Technique of theData Analysis ......................... 24

CHAPTER IVDATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .................... 27

A. Data Analysis ................................................... 26

1. The Types of Figurative Language ............ 26

2. The Implied Meaning ................................ 39

B. Discussion of the Finding ................................. 56

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION .......................... 61

A. Conclusion ................................................... 61

B. Implication ................................................... 62

C. Suggestion ................................................... 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................. 64

APPENDIX ........................................................................................... 66

xii

LIST OF TABLE

Page

Table 4.1 Types of Figurative Language .................................. 56

Table 4.2 Implied Meaning ..................... .................................. 57

xiii

ABBREVIATION

1. TRNT : The Road Not Taken

2. SBWOASE : Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening

3. TAMW : Tree At My Window

4. WAWF : Wind And Window Flower

5. Met : Metaphor

6. Sym : Symbol

7. Iro : Irony

8. Per : Personification

9. Hyp : Hyperbole

10. Aps : Apostrophe