Field Sampling for Pretreatment and the

LaboratoryPresented by: Bill Gase – The City of Dallas – Dallas Water UtilitiesPrepared by: B. Gase and E. Kasey – The City of Dallas – Dallas Water Utilities

25th Annual Region IV Pretreatment Association Workshop

Addison, TexasAugust 2009

Question of the Day

How does Monitoring (Field Sampling) impact

Pretreatment and the Lab?

The Pretreatment and Laboratory Services (PALS) Division performs routine sampling of industries, commercial enterprises, wholesale customer cities, and other facilities which could have a potentially harmful discharge of wastewater into the City of Dallas sanitary sewer system.

Authority for these actions are granted by federal, state, and local pretreatment standards

and regulations

FEDERAL

[40 CFR 403.8(f)(2)(v)]

“Randomly sample and analyze the effluent from Industrial Users and conduct surveillance activities in order to identify, independent of information supplied by Industrial User, occasional and continuing non-compliance with pretreatment standards. Inspect and sample the effluent form each Significant Industrial User at least once a year…”

STATE

[40 CFR 403.10(f)]

The State NPDES permit is the regulatory document issued by either the EPA or TCEQ. The permit is designed to control the discharge of pollutants from contributing industries in accordance with pretreatment standards..

DOCUMENTATION

LINKO

Analysis Request Sheet (ARS) / Chain of Custody

Daily Activity Report (DAR)

Field Inspection Report

Site Maps

LINKO Chain of Custody List View

with comments

SCHEDULECODE

SITE

COMPANY NAME ADDRESS

MAPSCO

SURCHARGE

METERS

NPLS

PARAMETER LOCAL LIM ITS / 1 DAY GRAB

# DAYS

SAMPLER

Pretreat

STATUS

FREQ.

COMMENTS

239 1 PSC RECOVERY 2131 PROGRESSIVE DR. 42S X X 16 BB AL I D

403 1 ART RESTORATIONS, INC. 7803 INWOOD 34DCHECK FOR FLOW/ZERO

DISCHARGE 2 BB HC C Q NO BOX

653 1 INTRAPACK INDUSTRIES, INC 10817 SANDEN DR. 28F 2 BB CM P Q

660 1 MARLOW INDUSTRIES, INC. 10451 VISTA PARK RD. 28E 4 BB MS P Q

480 1 AL-KELL ALLIANCE, INC. 2012 GOODE RD (HUTHCINS) 78K 4 CC MH C D

492 DCWCID #6 - BALCH SPRINGS BALCH SPRINGS 69AF X 8 CC MH C M

493 CITY OF HUTCHINS HUTCHINS 68N X 8 CC MH C M

518 SCOTCH PLAID 2969 REWARD LANE 23P 2 CC JH P S

520 1 DELMAR DISPOSAL CO., INC. 8508 C.F. HAWN FRWY 58Z ONE SAMPLE PER WEEK 4 CC CM I M

375 1 LIQUID ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS 11115 GOODNIGHT LN. 22L X X 16 MC AL I D

375 2 LIQUID ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS 11115 GOODNIGHT LN. 22L X X 16 MC AL I D

376 1 UNITED SITE SERVICES 2617 WILLOWBROOK 23W X X 1 WEEK PER MONTH 4 MC AL P M

376 2 UNITED SITE SERVICES 2617 WILLOWBROOK 23W X X 1 WEEK PER MONTH 4 MC AL P M

491 A Tow n of Addison ADDISON 04V X 8 MW MH C M

491 K Tow n of Addison ADDISON 04Z X 8 MW MH C M

ADDS DURING THE MONTH

CARRY OVER FROM LAST MONTH

511 1 ROCK TENN 1120 E. CLARENDON 55E LL 2 MH P S

sites events

Completed Sites 58 183 Total Sites 127 391 Events

Inprocess Sites 5 68 One day sites 1 1 Events

Pending Sites 64 140 Two day sites 99 198 Events

Total sites 127 391 Four day sites 14 56 Events

Mark's sites 0 0 Sites > 4 days 13 136 Events

Billy's sites 26 82Mike W's sites 37 102 total number of sites = Total sites NoMike C's sites 31 103 NoChad's sites 32 102 sites events Ave. Days/site

Shared sites 0 0 Daily 5 68 13.6

total assigned 126 389 Monthly 17 97 5.7

Not assigned (U) 0 0 Quarterly 88 192 2.2

total number of sites 126 389 Semi-Annual 17 34 2.0

Regina's sites 7 18 Annual 0 0John's sites 3 6 Total 127 391 3.1

Mike Seay's sites 29 64Marie's sites 20 110total assigned 59 198Not assigned (U) 0 0total number of sites 59 198

Analysis Request Sheet (ARS)Chain of Custody

Daily Activity Report (DAR)

This form is filled out each day field activity is performed.

Field Inspection Report

Site Maps

Please Remember who uses the maps.

The Monitoring Crew

Goals of Field Sampling

• To determine the impact of industrial wastes on the POTW

• Evaluate compliance by all Industrial Users (IUs) with applicable pretreatment standards and requirements

• Provide the Industrial Pretreatment Program with assurance that the information and data generated is accurate, reliable, and defensible

Objectives that can be accomplished through Monitoring Activities

• Profiles of waste streams coming into collection system

• To maintain up-to-date information on SIUs• Verification of compliance status• Support of enforcement activities• Identify and locate sources of problem

discharges• To provide data used to support IU surcharges

for revenue• Foundation for the development or amending

local discharge limits• The data generated can provide the necessary

preparation of annual report and plant expansion

Frequency of Monitoring Events

• The Pretreatment Program has been charge with the responsibility to determine the frequency at which sampling will take place.

• Factors that can be used to determine frequency:

A. Seasonal production schedules at the SIUB. Past compliance or performance by the SIUC. The waste stream constituents and volumeD. Problems within the collection system and POTW which

are the results of a particular SIUE. The introduction of new or additional pretreatment

requirements

Frequency of Monitoring Groups

Monitored Group

• NonSIUs• Noncategorical IUs• Categorical IUs• Customer Cities

QC Sampling

Frequency

Once per year

Twice per year

Four times per year

12 times per year

1 out of 10 sample site (sites with samples)

Interferences and Potential Problems

Supplies for Local Limits

Cubitainer : $3.84 TSS/ BOD: $1.44 Metals B: $2.32 Phenol: $2.22 TOG/TPH: $4.44 Cyanide: $0.68 2-BTEX: $2.20 2-Alcohol: $1.64 Teflon Tubing: $192.00 / 50’

In addition to preservatives, QC sampling, and TTI lab cost ($220.00)…

Total cost: >$300.00

Interferences and Potential Problems

• Gaining site access • Low flows volumes / No Flow• High flow volumes• Clogged intake tubing• Equipment malfunctions • Contamination• Weather• Traffic

Interferences and Potential Problems

Interferences and Potential Problems

Interferences and Potential Problems

Monitoring Operating Procedures

Monitoring SOP (MON-01 Rev 2) pH Meter Calibration and Use (MON-02 Rev 0) Storage Temperature Monitoring (MON-03 Rev 0) Customer City Sampling (MON-04 Rev 1 is Pending

Approval) Preventive Maintenance Program (MON-05 Rev 0 is

Pending Approval) Spill Notification and Response Work Instructions for

Sample Site Overflows (MON-06 Rev 0)

Field Equipment

Hand Pump Compositor Sampler

Either ISCO or American Sigma Do have capability to monitor pH during the

compositing cycle with three of our ISCO samplers

Batteries for the Samplers pH Meters and Electrodes

Meters are calibrated each day of use Security Box

Other Equipment

Portable Sample Coolers Vehicles (one truck and a few Vans) Bottles Chemicals for preservation and calibration Chlorine Test Strips and Sulfide Test Strips Battery Charging Stations Pump Tubing

Teflon, Silastic and Silicone

Grab and Composites

Grab Sample – a Sample collected at one time (one aliquot) FOG, pH, BTEX, Alcohols, TPH, O&G, Phenols,

Volatiles, BNA’s, & Cyanide (total and Amenable)

Composite Samples – More than one grab sample combined with the total collection time greater than 15 minutes Metals, BOD & TSS

Grab and Composites

What is FOG? At PALS there are two definitions for FOG

Liquid Waste – FOG = Fats, Oils and Grease Rest of PALS – FOG = Floatable Oil and Grease

What is BOD? BOD is Biochemical Oxygen Demand

A measure of the amount of oxygen consumed in the biological processes that break down organic matter in water. The greater the BOD, the greater the degree of pollution

Grab and Composites

What is TSS? This is the Total Suspended Solids.

These are non filterable solids as determined by filtering a known volume of liquid through a glass fiber filter.

What Makes up Metals A? Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel,

Silver and Zinc What is Metals B?

Metals A list plus Mercury and Arsenic

Preservation

BOD/TSS, Alcohols, BNA’s, FOG – cool to < 6 C Metals – adjust to pH < 2 with Nitric Acid Cyanide (total and amenable)

Add Ascorbic Acid is Chlorine Residual is present Add Cadmium Chloride if Sulfides are present pH > 12 with Sodium Hydroxide

Phenol, O&G – pH < 2 with Sulfuric Acid and cool < 6 C

Preservation

TPH – pH < 2 with HCl and cool < 6 C BTEX, VOC’s – pH < 2 with HCl and cool < 6 C

Note: Check with your lab. Halocarbons – Dechlorinate, cool < 6 C

This is a 14 day holding time per 40CFR 136.3 Table II Aromatics - Dechlorinate, cool < 6 C

For a 14 day holding time adjust pH < 2 with HCl For a 7 day holding time no pH adjustment is needed

per footnote 9 in 40CFR 136.3 Table II

Typical Bottle Types and Sample Volumes

For BOD/TSS Composite sample, 1 L volume in one Poly Bottle

For Metals Composite sample, 250 mL to 500 mL volume in one Poly Bottle

Oil and Grease Grab sample, 1 L volume in on Glass Bottle

Cyanide (total and amenable) Grab sample, 250 mL to 1 L volume in one Poly Bottle

Volatile Organics Grab sample, 40 mL volume per vial in two VOA vials

Semi Volatile Organics Grab sample, 1 L volume in one Glass Bottle

Total Phenolics Grab sample, 1 L volume in one Glass Bottle

See 40CFR 136.3 Table II for list of bottle types

Field Testing

Measure pH Calibrate daily with a three point calibration

Use pH 4, 7, and 10 buffers. If measure pH is a violation recalibrate meter and

take a second reading. If violation is pH is > 10.5 recalibrate using pH 4, 7 &

12 buffers.

Measure Temperature Record temperature from the pH meter

Field Testing

Test for Chlorine Residual Use Chlorine Residual Test Strips

If present, sample may need to be dechlorinated, depending on the test that is to be performed.

Dechlorinate by adding a reducing agent (Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Thiosulfate, etc.)

Test for presence of Sulfides Use Lead Acetate Paper

If present then add preservative Adjust pH > 12 then add Cadmium Chloride. (Filter?)

The Lab

There are Three Groups that analyze samples for DWU-PALS Pretreatment Monitoring Section (pH only) Contract Lab (located in the DFW Area) Analytical (located at CWTP)

Currently analyzes BOD and TSS only Will shortly also analyze for Benzene, Toluene,

Ethylbenzene, total Xylenes and Methylene Chloride (BTEX) Please note that BTEX typically does not include

Methylene Chloride. The addition of Methylene Chloride to the list is unique to DWU-PALS Pretreatment.

Questions, Questions, Questions

When generating a chain of custody for a site ask yourself this? Is this really needed? Is this additional

sampling? Have we met our programs goals in sampling? Is there a history of violations? What is the value added benefit of doing the additional sampling?

Do we really need to do a surcharge survey? Are previous results near the 250 mg/L surcharge

level? If not, then why do the testing?

BOD and TSS

Surcharge on values of > 250 mg/L Surcharge Surveys are four day events.

No need to do a surcharge survey if the BOD and TSS values are less than 250.

A 4 day event uses 4 bottles, 4 cubitainers. Surcharged survey’s need to be scheduled at

the beginning of a billing cycle. For each BOD Sample the Lab performs the

following test: pH, Chlorine Residual and Chemical Oxygen

Demand

Surcharge Survey Info

Supplies for one Site Surcharge Survey

Cubitainer : $3.84 each (4 x 3.84 = $15.36) TSS/ BOD: $1.44 each (4 x 1.44 = $5.76) pH measurement in the Field: 4 pH measurement in the Lab: 4 Chlorine Residual measurements in the Lab: 4 COD measurements in the Lab: 4 BOD bottles setup in the Lab: 3 to 5 each day – 12 to 20 TSS tests to run: 2 each day – 8 total

BOD Preparation Form

One thing to look at in reviewing the BOD prep data is to look at the pH of the composite. Note that in this example that site 716-1 has an initial pH of 4.57. This would indicate that the industry had a low pH effluent during the past 24 hours based on sample date.

Samples for BOD analysis need to be in the pH range of 6.0 to 8.5 with no Chlorine Residual.

COD is Chemical Oxygen Demand. This test is used to estimate the volume needed to get a valid BOD result. COD values are almost always higher than BOD. COD uses a strong oxidizer. This results in an almost complete (>95%) oxidation of organic material.

BOD Quality Data Sheet

Quality Control Criteria Dilution Water

Depletion ≤ 0.2 prefer < 0.1 Seed Controls

% Depletion – 40% to 70%

Correction Factor range between 0.60 and 1.00

GGA – Glucose Glutamic Acid Standard BOD value range of 167.5

to 228.5

BOD Analysis Data Sheet

BOD Samples are prepped in 3 to 5 dilution ranges.

The minimum depletion must be 2.0 mg/L.

The minimum final DO ready must be ≥ 1.00

All valid results are averaged together

The end at last

Remember, More than one group is impacted by

Pretreatment. Pretreatment impacts Sampling and the Lab. Sampling impacts Pretreatment and the Lab. The Lab impacts Pretreatment and Sampling.

Is the requested Needed? What is its impact on the environment?

REMEMBER – Reduce Our Impact on the Environment.

The End

Thanks to all and to all a good night.

The end.