facts – flexible ac transmission systems

Answers for energy.

FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission SystemsSeries Compensation

www.siemens.com/energy/facts

Siemens supplies Fixed Series Capacitors as well as Thyristor-Controlled SC’s and Thyristor Protected Series Capacitors. Siemens Series Capacitor installations increase power transfer capacity on existing transmission systems worldwide.

Nowadays, power generators and utilities all over the world are confronted with greater demands for bulk power flow, lower-cost power delivery and higher reliability.

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Reference ListReactive-Power Compensation Series Compensation

Oriximina, Brazil ■

in service in 2011

Itacoatiara, Brazil ■

in service in 2011

Cariri, Brazil ■

in service in 2011

Lugo, USA ■

in service in 2011

Boshang, China ■

in service in 2011

Sami, India ■

in service since 2010

Meerut, India ■


Yulin, China ■


Dodoma, Tanzania ■


Barra do Peixe, Brazil ■


Rio Verde, Brazil ■


Lucknow, India ■


Puti China ■


Dai Ninh, Vietnam ■


Gooty, India ■


Chuddapah, India ■


Maraba, Brazil ■


Acailandia, Brazil ■


Hechi, China ■


Tecali, Mexico ■


Juile, Mexico ■


Vincent #1 & #2 ■


Jacinto, USA ■


Yangcheng, China ■


Vincent #3 ■


Atacama, Chile ■


Lugo, USA ■


References not described in this brochure

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Siemens solutions for advanced power delivery translate into a number of solid benefits including:

■ Increase of energy transfer without adding new transmission lines

■ Direct control of the transmission path, voltage and flow

■ Minimized delivery cost as generation sources change

■ High reliability under contingencies

■ Improvement of power quality

References described in this brochure

In-service date Page

2009 01 East–West FSCs India 6

2008 02 North–South Interconnection III Brazil 7

2006 03 Fengjie China 8

2006 04 TALA India 10

2006 05 Eldorado-Lugo & Eldorado-Moenkopi USA 12

2006 06 Dayton USA 13

2004 07 2005 Midway #1 and #3 USA 14

2004 08 São João do Piauí Brazil 15

2003 09 Maputo & Barberton Mozambique & South Africa 16

2003 10 Lexington & Valley FSCs USA 17

2003 11 Tian-Guang China 18

2003 12 Ibiuna/Samambaia Brazil 19

1999 13 Serra da Mesa Brazil 20

1999 14 Imperatriz & Presidente Dutra Brazil 21

1993 15 Montagnais Canada 22

1992 16 Kayenta USA 23

References worldwide

Utility Series Compensation delivered by Siemens

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16

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15

12

14

08

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KayentaWAPA, USA165/120/45 MVAr230 kV1992

Lugo Southern California Edison, USA 2 x 634 MVAr500 kV2011

Lugo Southern California Edison, USA 1983

Midway #1 & #3Southern California Edison, USA401 MVAr500 kV2004/2005

Eldorado-Lugo & Eldorado-MoenkopiSouthern California Edison, USA199/162 MVAr500 kV2006

TECALI/JUILECFE, Mexico5 x 150 MVAr400 kV2003

OriximinaAbengoa, Brazil2 x 340 MVAr500 kV2011

Atacama FSCGENER490 MVAr345 kV1999

São João do PiauÍCHESF, Brazil484/437 MVAr500 kV2004

JacintoENTERGY, USA223 MVAr230 kV2001

Lexington & Valley FSCsDominion Virginia Power, USA355/505 MVAr500 kV2003

MontagnaisHydro-Québec, Canada1500 MVAr765 kV1993

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Vincent #1 to #3Southern California Edison, USA401 MVAr500 kV2000 – 2002

Ibiuna/SamambaiaFURNAS, Brazil252/765 MVAr500 kV2003

North–South Interconnection IIIINTESA, Brazil200/2 x 194/130/43 MVAr500 kV2008

Serra da MesaFURNAS, Brazil107 MVAr500 kV1999

CaririAbengoa, Brazil2 x 237 MVAr500 kV2011

ItacoatiaraAbengoa, Brazil2 x 237/340 MVAr500 kV2011

DaytonENTERGY, USA258 MVAr230 kV2006

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5

09

11

04

Imperatriz & Presidente DutraELETRONORTE, Brazil390 MVAr500 kV1999

Maputo & BarbertonMOTRACO, Mozambique & Republic of South Africa 344/535 MVAr400 kV2003

DodomaTANESCO,Tanzania180 MVAr220 kV2009

East–West FSCsPower Grid Corporation of India, India2 x 210/2 x 180/2 x 288 MVAr400 kV2009

Tian-GuangState Power South Company, China350/55 MVAr500 kV2003

PutiSichuan Electric Power, China3 x 315 MVAr500 kV2006

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Dai NinhElectricity of Vietnam202 MVAr500 kV2006

HechiState Power South Company, China762 MVAr500 kV2003

YulinChina Southern Power Grid, China2 x 286 MVAr500 kV2010

YangchengJPEPC, China2 x 500 MVAr230 kV2000

FengjieState Grid Corporation of China, China2 x 610 MVAr500 kV2006

Cuddapah-GootyPower Grid Corporation of India, India4 x 202 MVAr400 kV2004

TALAPower Grid Corporation of India, India743/112/716/108 MVAr400 kV2006

Maraba/AçailândiaENTE, Brazil279/314 MVAr500 kV2004

SamiAdani Power Limited, India2 x 212 MVAr400 kV2010

MeerutPower Grid Corporation of India Ltd., India2 x 412 MVAr765 kV2010

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LucknowPower Grid Corporation of India, India4 x 436 MVAr400 kV2007

BoshangYunnan Power Grid, China2 x 425/620 MVAr500 kV2011

Substation belongs to the Uttar Pradesh state govern-ment, while Lucknow and Bareilly belong to Powergrid. The Bareilly FSC plant will have local control as well as remote control from Powergrid’s Lucknow Substation.

Powergrid Corporation of India, Ltd., an Indian government entity, is the only agency responsible for transmission of power across the country. In its current five-year plan, the Indian government has set the target “Power for All by 2012”. In India, where efficiency of power transmission is now approximately 52 %, the enhancement of transmission capacity will play a vital role in achieving the target.

The project focuses on the enhancement of the trans-mission capacity of the northern grid. Sites are at Lucknow, Bareilly, and Unnao, in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Unnao

East–West FSCsFixed Series Compensation at Lucknow, Bareilly, and Unnao

Technical DataCustomer Powergrid Corporation of India, Ltd.

Project name Fixed Series Compensation at Lucknow, Bareilly, and Unnao substations associated with enhancement of transmission capacity in the east-west corridor of the northern region

Location 400 kV Gorakhpur-Lucknow lines at Lucknow Substation 400 kV Bareilly-Mandolla lines at Bareilly Substation400 kV Unnao-Bareilly lines at Unnao Substation

System fixed series capacitor

Capacitor rating 2 x 189 MVAr FSCs1)

2 x 187 MVAr FSCs2)

2 x 311 MVAr FSCs3)

Compensation degree

30 %1)

30 %2)

45 %3)

Digital control system

SIMATIC TDC

1) Lucknow 2) Bareilly 3) Unnao

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To avoid losses and prevent voltage stability problems in this line segment, known as Lot B, Siemens, in a consortium with Areva, supplied five fixed series capacitors (FSCs), line protec-tion, and substation HV equipment. Siemens, as the consor-tium leader, installed four FSCs at Eletronorte’s substations Colinas, Miracema, and Gurupi, and one at Furnas’ substation Peixe II, within a delivery time of 14 months. So an intercon-nection between north and south was indispensable. Due to the high complexity of power grids, the degree of line compensation had to be determined carefully for each section. (Line compensation should definitely be as high as possible; however, if it exceeds 70 %, sub-synchronous resonances appear, and these should be avoided).

The major part of Brazil’s energy is generated by hydroelectric power plants. The hydrologic conditions in the north of Brazil are well suited to produce enough hydroelectric power to fulfill the energy demand of the south. In 2006, after the first two north-south interconnection lines had proved their worth, the Brazilian electricity regulatory agency (ANEEL) awarded a contract for a third parallel line, North–South Interconnection III. In the middle section of the transmission line from Colinas (Tocantis) down to Serra da Mesa II (Goiás), power had to be transmitted over the enormous distance of 696 km. The contract for this segment, the longest of the three segments, was awarded to INTESA, a consortium of Eletronorte, Chesf, Engevix, and a private investor.

North–South Interconnection IIIRenewable Energy Resources for Megacities

Technical DataCustomer INTESA

Project name North–South Interconnection III

Location in Eletronorte´s substations in Colinas, Miracema, and Gurupi in Furnas’ substation Peixe II

System fixed series capacitor

Capacitor rating 200 MVAr FSC1)

2 x 194 MVAr FSCs2) 3)

130 MVAr FSC3)

343 MVAr FSC4)

Compensation degree

51 %1)

70 %2) 3)

70 %3)

68 %4)

1) Colinas 2) Miracema 3) Gurupi 4) Peixe II

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The Fengjie 500 kV series capacitor station is about 130 km away from Wanxian Substation, where one of the two 500 kV lines begins, connecting Chuanyu grid to cen-tral China’s mains. Within this project, planned by the State Grid Corporation of China, Fengjie 500 kV series compensation station is an important asset. It has a capacity of 2 x 610 MVAr and a compensation level of 35 %.

Its FSC system consists of two capacitors, one in each of the parallel lines located in Fengjie Substation. It connects Wanxian Substation in the west with Longquan Substation in the east over a distance of 360 km.

FengjieFengjie Series Compensation System in China

In the summer of 2005, Siemens was awarded a contract to install the Fengjie Series Compensation System 500 kV AC network. Fixed series compensation (FSC) was found as the appropriate solution to provide an increase of power transfer capability using existing lines, and to stabilize the interconnected networks by reducing the connecting line impedance.

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Project OutlineFengjie 500 kV series compensation station is an important station for the project planned by the State Grid Corporation of China to connect Chuanyu grid to central China’s mains. Fengjie 500 kV series compensation station will have a capacity of 2 x 610 MVAr and a compensation level of 35 %, and its compensation equipment will be of fixed series capacitor (FSC) type. The project now has two circuits of 500 kV lines, which start in the west from Wanxian 500 kV Substation and extend to the east to Longquan 500 kV Converter Station with each circuit 360 km in length.

Fengjie 500 kV Series compensation station is about 130 km away from Wanxian 500 kV Substation at Fengjie County, Wanzhou District, Chongquing City. Fengjie 500 kV series compensation station began operation in June, 2006.

Technical DataCustomer State Grid Corporation of China

Project name Fengjie

Location Fengjie County, Wanzhou District, Chongquing City

System fixed Series Capacitor

Capacitor rating 35.3 Ohm/2 x 610 MVAr

Compensation degree

35 %

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The order includes the construction and installation work involved in the systems, along with supply and engineering of all the high-voltage components, the control and protection devices and the thyristor valves.

The Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. (PGCIL) is constructing a 475 km long overhead line from Purnea in the state of Bihar via Muzafarpur to Gorakhpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh. This project transmits surplus energy from eastern India to the conurbations around Delhi, where the existing generation capacity can no longer meet demand.

For the systems in Purnea and Gorakhpur respectively, Siemens is supplying two thyristor-controlled Series Compensation Systems and two fixed compensation systems. Series compensation systems enhance the transmission capacity of the overhead line and ensure stability in the grid. The light-triggered thyristors (LTTs) used are notable for their very high current carrying capacity and blocking voltage. Direct light-triggered thyristors make it possible to reduce the number of elec-tronic components in the converter valves by about 80 %. A further advantage of this modern thyristor design is that all the firing and monitoring electronics are at earth potential; the equipment is consequently accessible during operation.

TALAThyristor Controlled Series Capacitor in India – longest in the World

Siemens compensation equipment improves transmission capacity in Indian high voltage grid Siemens received this order in May 2004 from the Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. in New Delhi to set up four compensation systems featuring state of the art thyristor technology. The purpose of this new equipment is to improve the transmission per-formance and the reliability of the 400 kV overhead line between Purnea in eastern India and Gorakhpur in the north of the country.

IndienIndien

GorakhpurGorakhpurPurneaPurnea

NepalNepal

ChinaChinaPakistanPakistan

GorakhpurGorakhpur

MuzaffarpurMuzaffarpur

KanpurKanpur

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Siemens is the only supplier to use LTTs in so-called FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) projects. With energy markets developing and expanding dynamically all over the world, such solutions provide significant ways of improving the characteristics of high-voltage transmis-sion networks.

This order underlines the capability of Siemens as undis-puted market- and technology leader in the controlled series compensation technology segment. The project was completed and put into operation early 2006.

Technical DataPurnea FSC & Gorakhpur FSC Purnea TCSC & Gorakhpur TCSC

Customer Power Grid Corporation of India, Ltd. Power Grid Corporation of India, Ltd.

Project name TALA Project TALA Project

Location New Delhi, India New Delhi, India

Capacitor rating 24.2 Ohm /743 MVAr 3200 A nominal current1)

23.32 Ohm/716 MVAr3200 A nominal current2)

3.03 Ohm/3.64 Ohm/112 MVAr3200 A nominal current3)

2.92 Ohm/3.510 Ohm/108 MVAr 3200 A nominal current4)

Compensation degree

40 %1)

40 %2)5–15 %3)

5–15 %4)

Thyristor valve data

125 mm Ø light-triggered thyristors 3) 4)


SIMATIC TDC SIMATIC TDC

1) Purnea FSC 2) Gorakhpur FSC 3) Purnea TCSC 4) Gorakhpur TCSC

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with the transmission line leading to the Lugo substation in Southern California. The Lugo series capacitor installation will consist of two segments, one segment will be a FSC and the other segment will be a TPSC.The Moenkopi series capacitor installation will consist of three segments, two segments will be FSCs and the other segment will be a TPSC.

The Lugo FSC is in service since March 15th, 2006 and the Moenkopi FSC since June 1st, 2006.

In September 2004 Siemens succeeded in winning the contract for the refurbishment of two series capacitor installations at Edisons Eldorado Substation southwest of Boulder City, Nevada. As a result of new power genera-tion installed in the Las Vegas area the fault duty on the 500 kV transmission network is above the design ratings of the existing equipment and therefore the two series capacitors “Lugo” and “Moenkopi” at the Eldorado Substation need to be replaced.

It is the intention to increase the power transfer between Arizona /Nevada and Southern California within the next few years. The so called Eldorado-Moenkopi SC is in series with the transmission line leading to the Moenkopi sub-station in Arizona and the Eldorado-Lugo SC is in series

Eldorado-Lugo & Eldorado-MoenkopiSeries Capacitors in Nevada/USA

Technical DataCustomer Southern California Edison (SCE)

Project name Eldorado

Location near Boulder City, NV, USA

Capacitor rating 199 MVAr / segment1)

162 MVAr / segment2)

Compensation degree

17,5 % /segment1)

11,7 % /segment2)


Siemens SIMATIC TDC

1) Lugo 2) Moenkopi

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The Dayton FSC is basically a copy of the Jacinto FSC project which was installed by Siemens for Entergy in the year 2001. The main differences being the higher reactive power (223 vs. 258 MVAr) and the higher protective level (128.4 vs. 145 kV).

The Dayton FSC system also does not include a Spark Gap but provision has been made for the inclusion of one at a later date.

July, 2004 – The Entergy Corporation awarded three high voltage transmission projects to Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution, Inc. The new installations will help Entergy to increase reliability and capacity on its power transmission system in order to help meet increasing demand in its Western Service Area.

The three FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) projects will include two Static VAR Compensators (SVC) and one Fixed Series Capacitor (FSC) that will be built at three primary Entergy substations in Texas and Louisiana.

DaytonFixed Series Capacitor Texas in USA

Technical DataCustomer ENTERGY Services Inc.

Project name Dayton

Location Dayton Station, Dayton in Liberty County, Houston, Texas

Capacitor rating 24.33 Ohm/258 MVAr at 1.88 kA

Compensation degree

70 %


Siemens SIMADYN D

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The Midway #1 and #3 refurbishments are successor projects of the Vincent TPSC projects.

The two series capacitors are located at PG&E’s Midway substation near Buttonwillow, California. The Midway substation is also part of the western US 500 kV trans-mission network.

In September 2003, Siemens received the order to renew the Midway #1 and #3 series capacitors. The design of the Midway series capacitors is identical with the Vincent TPSC’s, with only some minor differences in the control and protection system.

The first Midway TPSC #1 will be in commercial operation by December 2004 and the second installation Midway TPSC #3 will be finished about half a year later in June 2005.

Midway #1 and #3Thyristor-Protected Series Capacitors

Technical DataCustomer Southern California Edison (SCE)

Project name Midway #1 and #3

Location near Buttonwillow, north of Los Angeles, CA, USA in the Vincent-to-Midway 500 kV transmission line


Compensation degree

~ 35 %

Thyristor data 125 mm Ø light-triggered thyristors


Siemens SIMADYN D

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São João do Piauí series capacitor project consists of two series capacitor installations connected in series on two different lines entering São João do Piauí sub-station. The design of the components has been carried out by intensive studies to find an optimized solution for power transfer increase and stabilization of the exist-ing network. With a nominal power rating of 484 MVA for Boa Esperança bank and 437 MVA for Sobradinho bank the São João do Piauí series capacitors will provide stable and increased power transfer through the Maranhão-Bahia 550 kV AC system corridor.

In summer of 2003 the São João do Piauí Series Compensation System located in the Brazilian Maranhão-Bahia 500 kV AC network has been awarded to Siemens.

The power demand of the growing Brazilian industries requires an economical solution for an increase of power transfer capability with the existing lines. Fixed series compensation has been found as the appropriate choice not only to enable the desired power increase but also to stabilize the interconnected networks by reducing the connecting line impedance. Starting of commercial operation of two capacitors located in two serial lines was scheduled for August 2004.

São João do PiauíFixed Series Capacitors in Brazil

Technical DataCustomer CHESF

Project name São João do Piauí

Location State of Piauí, Brazil

Capacitor rating 52.83 Ohm/484 MVAr47.69 Ohm/437 MVAr

Compensation degree

70 %


Siemens SIMADYN D

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The capacity of the aluminum smelter will be increased. Therefore also the lines have to be upgraded to cope with the increased power demand. As part of this upgrade, Siemens supplies the two fixed series capacitor banks. One bank is installed directly in Maputo substation in the Edwaleni-Maputo line. The second FSC is installed in Barberton substation approximately halfway between Arnot power station and Maputo substation close to the city of Barberton, in the Republic of South Africa. Both FSCs have been in commercial operation since mid April 2003.

In May 2002, Siemens received the turnkey contract from MOTRACO to install two series capacitor banks in the MOTRACO network. MOTRACO is an independent transmission company owned in equal shares by three utilities: EdM from Mozambique, SEB from Swaziland and ESKOM from South Africa. The MOTRACO network consists of two 400 kV transmission lines from ESKOM (Camden and Arnot substation) to the Maputo substation. The transmission line from Camden to Maputo is inter-sected by a 400 kV busbar in Swaziland at Edwaleni II substation. The bulk of the energy which is transferred via these transmission lines is for the Mozal aluminum smelter in Maputo.

Maputo & BarbertonFixed Series Capacitor in Mozambique & the Republic of South Africa

Technical DataCustomer MOTRACO

Project name Maputo FSCBarberton FSC

Location Maputo, Mozal substation, Mozambique1)

Barberton substation, near Nelspruit, in the Republic of South Africa2)

Capacitor rating 28.44 Ohm /344 MVAr1)

44.24 Ohm / 535 MVAr2)

Compensation degree

50 %1)

50 %2)


Siemens SIMADYN D

1) Maputo FSC 2) Barberton FSC

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In August 2002 Siemens succeeded in winning a series capacitor contract with Dominion Virginia Power.

To accommodate increased power generation at the Bath County Pumping Station, Dominion had to add two series capacitors to the Virginia 500 kV network in the Bath County Area. Each of the two transmission lines from the Bath County Pumping Station, one leading to the Lexington substation and the other leading to the Valley substation have been equipped with a fixed series capacitor of 60 % compensation level.

The Valley FSC has been in commercial operation since November 13th, 2003 and the Lexington FSC has been in commercial operation since December 2nd, 2003.

Lexington & Valley FSCsFixed Series Capacitor in Virginia, USA – Gap Less Design

Technical DataCustomer Dominion Virginia Power

Project name Lexington & Valley FSCs

Location near Rockbridge Bath, Virginia1)

near Weyers Cave, Virginia2)

Capacitor rating 13.1 Ohm /355 MVAr at 3 kA1)

18.7 Ohm / 505 MVAr at 3 kA2)

Compensation degree

60 %1)

60 %2)


Siemens SIMADYN D

1) Lexington 2) Valley

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the construction of Tian-Guang TCSC is to further improve the capabilities of AC transmission lines within the South China power grid and improve the capabilities of the whole network in respect of disturbances. It is recognized that the installation of a TCSC on inter-regional ties is a good means of mitigation of interregional low-frequency oscillations. Due to the fact that a TCSC is adopted in west-to-east power transmission lines within the South China power grid, the PSS configurations are simplified. Setting of the PSS parameters is easy and the dynamic stability of the system is improved.

The increasing demand for electric power in the Chinese south provinces requires extension of the HV power grid. The Tian-Guang TCSC and also the Hechi FSC are part of this west-to-east network improvement. Their location has been carefully selected, and together with the Tian-Guang and the Gui-Guang HVDC links they ensure future energy supply and contribute reliability and improvement for the consumers.

In power systems, TCSC’s are mainly used for the purposes of system transient stability improvement, low-frequency power oscillation mitigation, system power flow control and subsynchronous resonance mitigation. According to the analysis on the Tian-Guang TCSC project, the TCSC mainly serves for system stability improvement and low-frequency oscillation mitigation. As there are several AC power transmission lines at the same voltage level and in the same power transmission direction, the purpose of

Tian-GuangThyristor Controlled Series Capacitor in China

Technical DataCustomer State Power South Company

Project name Tian-Guang TCSC

Location PingGuo substation, Guangxi Province, P.R. China

Capacitor rating Fixed segment: 29.2 Ohm, 2000 A, 350 MVArControlled segment: 4.15 Ohm to 12.45 Ohm, 2000 A, permanently operated at 4.57 Ohm, 55 MVAr

Compensation degree

Fixed segment: 35 %Controlled segment: 5 %

TCR data Thyristor valve: 10 kV, 2000 A,light-triggered thyristor (LTT)


Siemens SIMADYN D

China

GuangxiGuangxi

VietnamVietnamLaosLaosBurmaBurma

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Parallel to the Samambaia project, FURNAS required to install one series capacitor in the 525 kV transmission line from the Ibiuna to Bateias substation.

The turnkey contract for the Ibiuna project was awarded to the Siemens/Schneider Consortium in September 2001.

The series capacitor bank is designed to have two segments in series because of the arrangement of the series capacitors in the AC system and the identical requirements of the FURNAS specification the designs of the capacitor banks are identical. The Ibiuna installation was finished in March 2003.

Ibiuna/SamambaiaFixed Series Capacitor in Brazil

Technical DataCustomer FURNAS – Centrais Elétricas S.A.

Project name Ibiuna/Samambaia

Location near São Paulo

Capacitor rating 25.6 Ohm per segment/total rated power 765 MVAr at 2.23 kA

Compensation degree

50 %


Siemens SIMADYN D

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Serra da Mesa

Technical DataCustomer FURNAS – Centrais Elétricas S.A.

Project name Serra da Mesa (SdM)

Location north of Brasilia, Brazil

Capacitor rating 13.27 Ohm (blocked valve) and15.92 Ohm (TCSC)/107.46 MVArat 1.5 kA

Compensation degree

5–6 % (continuous)7–15 % (temporary)

TCR data 100 mm Ø 5.5 kV electricallytriggered thyristors23.9 kV nominal valve voltage at 3.55 kA1.123 MJ Valve MOV87.3 kV protective level


Siemens SIMADYN D

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Brazil’s national energy holding Electrobrás had been planning to connect the northern with the southern power networks for a long time. Finally, the heavy increasing demand for electric energy in the south decided the issue to build the North–South Interconnection line. The network in the south, south-east, central and mid west regions supplies energy to the area of the country south of the capital, Brasilia, and the network in the north and north-east provides energy to the areas north-east of Bahia to Belém on the Amazon delta.

Most of the electric power of both networks is generated in hydroelectric power plants, for example from the power plant Xingó at the São Francisco river.

The backbone of the interconnection line is the 500 kV transmission line from Imperatriz to Serra da Mesa. The North–South Interconnection, with its capacity of 1300 MW, enables a more flexible expansion of the hydro-electric power plants along the Tocantins river. In 1997, Siemens received the order to supply three series capaci-tors as part of the first North–South Inter connection in Brazil. The scope consisted of two fixed series capacitors in the northern network in Eletronorte’s substations Imperatriz and Presidente Dutra and one thyristor-con-trolled series capacitor in the southern network at FURNAS substation Serra da Mesa.

Imperatriz & Presidente DutraNorth-South Interconnection in Brazil

Technical DataCustomer ELETRONORTE – Centrais Elétricas

do Norte do Brazil S.A.

Project name Imperatriz/Presidente Dutra

Location both substations are south of São Luis, Brazil


Compensation degree

36 %


Siemens SIMADYN D

Brazil

BoliviaBolivia

ParaguayParaguay

ArgentiniaArgentinia

ImperatrizImperatriz

Serra da Serra da Mesa

PeixePeixeGurupiGurupi

ColinasColinasMiracemaMiracema

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USAUSA

CanadaCanada

Churchill Churchill FallsFalls

MontréalMontréal

In 1993, Siemens completed Hydro-Québec’s project for the supply and installation of the three series capacitors with special technical demands in accuracy and reaction time needed for the extreme conditions in the Canadian winter. Siemens was also the first manufacturer whose surge arresters succeeded in withstanding Hydro-Québec’s extra tough pressure relief tests for the 735 kV application, involving a full discharge of a specially set-up bank of original capacitors. The Montagnais series capacitor is able to withstand the extreme temperatures from – 50 °C to + 40 °C. The series capacitor installation helps to improve the transmission line stability and is able to compensate up to 40 % of the inductive line impedance, thus enhancing the transferable power to 6000 MVA.

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Part of New York’s electric energy is supplied by Hydro-Québec, from the hydroelectric power plant “Churchill Falls” on the coast of Labrador in Newfoundland. To increase the transferable power of the 735 kV transmission line from the power plant Churchill Falls to Montreal – a distance of about 1200 km, Hydro-Québec decided to install three 3-phase series capacitors at the Montagnais substation in the Canadian province Québec. From Montreal, some of the electricity is transmitted via the HVDC back-to-back link at Chateauguay in Canada to the network operated by the New York Power Administration in the USA. Montagnais is one of the most important facil-ities in Hydro-Québec’s eastern power network, because it is not far away from the generators in Churchill Falls.

MontagnaisFixed Series Capacitor in Canada

Technical DataCustomer Hydro-Québec (HQ)

Project name Montagnais FSC

Location Poste Montagnais, CanadaNorth–East Network

Capacitor rating 30 Ohm, 2300 A, 1500 MVAr(3 x 476 MVAr)

Compensation degree

40 %


Siemens SIMADYN D

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a series capacitor, the net series compensation seen by the transmission line is the impedance that results from the capacitor and reactor. By varying the impedance of the parallel reactor, the total impedance of the compen-sation is changed. The ASC controls the reactor current as well as the line current, so the ASC can smoothly control the capacitive impedance from 15 Ohms to 60 Ohms.

In 1992, Siemens completed a joint project with WAPA for the world’s first transmission system with a continu-ously variable, 3-phase thyristor-controlled series capacitor installation at the Kayenta substation in Arizona, USA.

The series capacitor consists of two 230 kV conventional series capacitor banks, each rated at 165 MVAr with a single-phase impedance of 55 Ohms. One of the two 55-Ohm banks is split into a 40-Ohm and a 15-Ohm segment. This allows the addition of Thyristor-Controlled Reactors (TCR) in parallel with the 15-Ohm segment.

This provides direct control of the transmission line impedance and offers several advantages to conventional fixed series capacitors. The Kayenta Advanced Series Compensation (ASC) operates in the following manner: when a controlled reactor is connected in parallel with

KayentaWorld’s First 3-Phase Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor

Technical DataCustomer WAPA (Western Area Power

Administration)

Project name ASC Kayenta

Location in north-eastern Arizona, USAin the middle of the 320-kilometer Shiprock-to-Glen Canyon 230 kV transmission line

Capacitor rating 55 Ohm/165 MVAr (conventional)40 Ohm/120 MVAr (conventional) 15 Ohm/45 MVAr (ASC)

Compensation degree

up to 70 % conventionalup to 100 % TCSC

Thyristor data 100 mm Ø thyristors3.5 kA continuous current5.5 kV blocking voltage


Siemens SIMADYN D

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Subject to change without prior notice.The information in this document contains generaldescriptions of the technical options available, whichmay not apply in all cases. The required technicaloptions should therefore be specified in the contract.

facts – flexible ac transmission systems

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