facite nunc : take a ‘reviewing multiple-choice questions’ handout from the front of the room

Propositum: DWBAT review multiple-choice practice questions in order to identify skills and knowledge required to correctly answer them

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Reviewing Multiple-Choice Questions’ handout

from the front of the room

2. Take out your ‘Term 2 Practice IA’

PENSUM #74:FINISH YOUR ‘REVIEWING MULTIPLE CHOICE

QUESTIONS’ PACKET (IF YOU DO NOT FINISH IN CLASS)

2/4/14

Group Work

• With your groups, identify the skill/content knowledge required to answer each question correctly.

• Then answer each question and explain your answer choice through your understanding of the skill/content knowledge you previously identified.

Term 2 Practice IAMultiple-Choice Answer Key

1. D2. D3. B4. A5. B6. B7. D8. C9. B10. C11. C12. C13. D

14. C15. C16. D17. C18. D19. B20. B21. D22. B23. D24. B25. B

Propositum: DWBAT follow guidelines for response and evidence to accurately answer a Reading Comprehension Response question

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Reading Comprehension Guidelines’ handout from the front

of the room

2. Take out your ‘Term 2 Practice IA’ and your ‘Term 2 IA’ and turn to the texts for each packet

3. Answer the following with your table members:1. What should be included in your answer when answering a Reading

Comprehension question?

PENSUM #75:COMPLETE YOUR READING COMPREHENSION RESPONSE (PG. 4)

2/6/14

RESPONSEHave you…1. Written a brief introduction and conclusion?

– “During Aeneas’ visit to the Underworld he is encouraged to continue on his journey…

2. – “In conclusion, Aeneas is encouraged to continue on his journey to Italy to fulfill

his destiny by the words of support and the promise of a better future from both Deiophobus and his father, Anchises”

3. Answered the question presented by the prompt or followed the instructions given in the prompt?– WHY “Aeneas is encouraged to continue on his journey because…”– HOW “Aeneas is encouraged to continue on his journey by…”

4. Organized your argument in a logical sequence?– Aeneas goes to the Underworld with the Sibyl they meet Deiophobus who was

a friend of a Aeneas who speaks positively about Aeneas’ future they meet Anchises who takes them to a hill from which they can see the faces of the souls yet to be born Anchises says that he will tell Aeneas about the glory of his descendants in Italy and that these famous souls will march in their name

EVIDENCEHave you… 1. Integrated your evidence into the body of your response?

2. Translated/paraphrased your evidence accurately?

3. Only included as much evidence as you are actually using in your argument?

4. Used relevant evidence to support your argument, NOT merely cited evidence for the sake of citing evidence, nor cited evidence that does not support your argument?

EXAMPLE “When Deiophobus tells Aeneas that he will have a glorious fate

(Aeneas, fātum glōriōsum habēbis!, line 8), Aeneas feels encouraged knowing a better destiny lays ahead for him in his future”

Exerceāmus! Part 1Independent Work

Directions: Evaluate the following responses written by your fellow discipulī on their IA exams. For each response, list 2 ways in which it successfully follows the guidelines, and 1 way in which it could be improved.

Discipulus Response

1. How do the Greek soldiers react when they see Aeneas?

The Greek soldiers become scared when they see Aeneas with his shining weapons (lines 3-4)

Discipulus Response

2. What happens when Aeneas tries to embrace his father?

When Aeneas tries to embrace his father by putting his arms around his neck, his father flees from his arms in the same manner as in Aeneas’ dreams (lines 15-17)

Discipula Response #13. How does Aeneas’ visit to the Underworld encourage him to

continue on his journey and fulfill his destiny? Cite at least TWO instances from the text that support your claim.

When Aeneas came to the Underworld he saw the ghost of his father Anchises, who led them (Aeneas and the Sibyl) to the tall hill (umbra…dūxit). From the tall hill, they were able to see the faces/expressions of the men beneath (inde…poterant). Anchises told Aeneas that he will tell those men about his glory in Italy (dē gloriā…dīcam) and that famous spirits will march to their name (inlustrae…incedent). The promise of fame and glory of Anchises to his son encouraged Aeneas to fulfill his fate/destiny.

Discipula Response #23. How does Aeneas’ visit to the Underworld encourage him to

continue on his journey and fulfill his destiny? Cite at least TWO instances from the text that support your claim.

Aeneas is encouraged by Dido and by his father. When speaking to Aeneas, Dido tells him he has a glorious fate (Aeneas…habēbis, line 8). When speaking to the ghost of his father, Aeneas is told about the glory of the descendants in Italy (dē…dīcam, line 20). Aeneas gains more motivation to fulfill his journey of founding Rome from his dead lover, Dido, and from his dead father, Anchises. Dido acknowledges Aeneas must continue his quest because of the glory of his father, and Anchises informs Aeneas of the glory of people in Italy where he must go and establish his name.

Exerceāmus! Part IIIndependent Work

Directions: Write your own response to the following question regarding the passage from your Term 2 PRACTICE IA. An answer key for the translation of the text is below to guide you.

Propositum: DWBAT complete a review game in order to assess long-term retention of essential grammatical concepts

Facite Nunc: 1. Take 2 handouts from the front of the room:

1. Peer Editing Reading Comprehension (half-sheet)2. Review Exercationēs (Class Notes)

2. Find your new seat for Term 3 by consulting the seating slide

3. Take out your ‘Reading Comprehension Guidelines’ handout and trade your Reading Comprehension response with a partner at your table

4. Take your Peer Editing handout and review your partner’s response. Then place your handout in the middle of your table for collection.

PENSUM #76:QUIZZES ON PERFECT TENSE VOCABULARY LIST; ALL 3 PRINCIPAL PARTS AND

DEFINITIONS (ACCIPIŌ – CELŌ ON MONDAY)

2/7/14

R6- FRONT

LOCKERS

AnikaMorgan

Netanya Noah

CoreyDaniel

RushaidTafari

Santiago Charlene

WilliamRalph

Coco

IshratWuraola

Shani

Kalea

Nayely

Emma

Aminah Joey

James Erminson

Tanjim Areeba

Mina

Rezwan

Paul

R9- FRONT

LOCKERS

AnikDevonte

Michelle

Jhevanae

StevenMatthew Dontae

Masror

Minhazul

Richard

Alec

Andy

Owais

Keri

SamuelLing

RobinSarah

AbigailPeggy

Sophia

Iyana

Arman

Ar Raya

Naveed

Review Exercitationēs!

• With your table members, complete your review packet as QUICKLY and ACCURATELY as possible. There are 100 points total.

• CLOSED NOTES! However, if you would like the added advantage of using your notes, you will be deducted 10 points as a table from your total score

• Winning table will get BONUS POINTS added to their set of quizzes next week!

R1- FRONT

LOCKERS

Paul A Rahman

AlanDarren

AhmedDylan

Desmond JuanAlexus

KiaraAsha

Loanni

Kevin

ShadmanChris

Mohammad UItunu

ArooshaMichael

Jeffrey Daniel

Paul P.Janice

Reema

Abi

Mirelle Mohammad S Izabella

Shamiana

Trinity

Pranab Carlene

Propositum: DWBAT identify, form, and translate verbs in the pluperfect tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Pluperfect Tense’ handout from the front of the room

2. Take out a blue/black pen for your quiz

3. After your quiz, complete the STATIM at the top of your ‘Pluperfect Tense’ handout

PENSUM #77:QUIZZES ON PERFECT TENSE VOCABULARY LIST; ALL 3

PRINCIPAL PARTS AND DEFINITIONS (COGNOSCŌ-HABEŌ)

2/10/14

Quiz 17: 3rd PP Vocab (Part 1)

• Write in black/blue ink• You have 3 minutes to complete your quiz

FACTIONĒS SCORES- R6TABULA NUMERUS COPIA

1 712 603 794 985 77 – 10 = 676 877 97

FACTIONĒS SCORES- R9TABULA NUMERUS COPIA

1 44 – 10 = 342 65 – 10 = 553 964 885 936 377 95

IMPERFECT tense of sum, esse, fuī to be

1st singular 1st plural

2nd singular 2nd plural

3rd singular 3rd plural

eramI was

erasyou were

erathe/she/it was

eramuswe were

eratisyou all were

erantthey were

Pluperfect Tense FORMULA_____________ stem + _______________ tense forms of sum, esse, fuī PERFECT IMPERFECT

1st singular amāveram 1st plural



amāveras

amāverat

amāveramus

amāveratis

amāverant

Grammatical Understanding

• The PLUPERFECT tense represents

• The English translation of a PLUPERFECT verb

is “ ____________________________________”.

a past action which occurred BEFORE another past action.

had _______ed

Conjugate regō, regere rexī to rule in Latin and English:

LATIN ENGLISH LATIN ENGLISH

1st person

2nd person

3rd person

rexeram I had ruledrexeras you had ruled

rexerat she had ruled

rexeramus we had ruled

rexeratis you allhad ruled

rexerant they had ruled

1st person singular– to love

Present Future

Perfect

Imperfect

“I loved” (SIMPLE)

Tense Timeline

“I love” (SIMPLE)“I am loving” (PROGRESSIVE)

“I will love” (SIMPLE)

“I was loving” (PROGRESSIVE)“I used to love” (REPEATED)

“I do love” (EMPHATIC) “I will be loving” (PROGRESSIVE)

>< ??

“I did love” (EMPHATIC)

Pluperfect“I had love” (SIMPLE)

PRESENT STEM

PERFECT STEM

Perfect…Pluperfect

1. By the time I came to class today, I had studied for 3 hours for my principal parts quiz.

2. I had finished my homework before I went home on Friday.

3. When Aeneas finally arrived in Italy, his father had already died and Aeneas had visited his ghost in the Underworld.

4. ______________________________________________________________________________

Exerceāmus!Independent Work

• Pluperfect Tense Conjugations (pg. 3)

– CONJUGATE the verbs timeō, timēre, timuī and sum, esse, fuī in the PLUPERFECT tense

– TRANSLATE verb forms from Latin English and English Latin (#1-10)

Propositum: DWBAT translate verbs in the pluperfect tense in context

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Juno and Allecto’ handout from the front of the room

and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders2. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz

PENSUM #78:Complete the Reading Comprehension Response for your

Juno and Allecto textQUIZZES ON PERFECT TENSE VOCABULARY LIST; ALL 3

PRINCIPAL PARTS AND DEFINITIONS (INVENIŌ-PONŌ)

2/11/14

‘Juno and Allecto’ Annotation and Translation

• Annotate and translate the passage in groups• 1 person will lead in annotation• 1 person will lead in grammar and vocabulary

reference• 1-2 people will lead in translation– Indicate your group role with an A, G, or T at the top of

your page– Aim to finish by the end of the recitation– If you finish early, work on the Pluperfect Scavenger Hunt

at the bottom of pg. 1

Pluperfect Scavenger HuntDIRECTIONS: Identify all of the pluperfect tense verbs from the passage above

• Before what other actions do these verbs occur?

ceciderat 3rd sing. (he) had diedvisitāverat 3rd sing. (he) had visitedmonuerat 3rd sing. (she) had foretold/presaged

amāverat 3rd sing. (he) had loved

Propositum: DWBAT identify, form, and translate verbs in the future perfect tense

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Future Perfect Tense’ handout from the front of the room2. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz3. After the quiz is over, take out your ‘Juno and Allecto’ translation

for correction and inspection and a red pen

PENSUM #79:FUTURE PERFECT PACKET PG. 3. QUIZZES ON PERFECT

TENSE VOCABULARY LIST; ALL 3 PRINCIPAL PARTS AND DEFINITIONS (POSSUM-VINCŌ)

2/12/14

Juno and Allecto1. ubi Aeneas in Ītaliā tandem vēnit, pater iam ceciderat et fīlius

2. eum in Orcō visitāverat. Iuno autem monuerat advenientiam

3. Trōianī ducis antequam litora Latina advēnit. dea magna

4. Trōianum fīliam rēgis Latinī in matrimonium dūcere nōn

5. optābat itaque Furiam, Āllectum, vocāvit et verba irata dīxit:

6. “Furia, causam bellī Latīnīs et Rutulīs dabis. quoque animum

7. rēginae Latinae mutābis et ea dē Aenēā cūrās habēbit.

8. deinde ad Rutulōs volābis et dominum Turnum petēs, quī

9. fīliam Latinam, Lāvīniam, amāverat antequam Aeneas advēnit.

10. Turnum contrā Trōianōs ducēs….

When Aeneas finally arrived in Italy, (his) father had already died and (his) son

had visited him in the Underworld. Juno however had foretold the arrival

of the Trojan leader before he reached the Latin shores. The great goddess

was not wanting the Trojan to lead the daughter of the Latin king into marriage

and so she summoned the Fury, Allecto, and spoke angry words:

“Fury, you will give a cause of (for) war to the Latins and the Rutulians.

You will also change the mind of the Latin queen and she will have concerns about Aeneas.

Then you will fly to the Rutulians and you will seek lord Turnus, who

had loved the Latin daughter, Lavinia, before Aeneas arrived.

You will lead Turnus against the Trojans…

FUTURE tense of sum, esse, fuī to be

1st singular 1st plural



erōI will be

erisyou will be

erithe/she/it will be

erimuswe will be

eritisyou all will be

eruntthey will be

Pluperfect and Future Perfect

• The FUTURE PERFECT TENSE is the companion of the PLUPERFECT TENSE.

• The pluperfect tense shows past time and completed aspect. It talks about actions that happened or were completed prior to other events in the past.

• The future perfect tense shows _____________ time and _____________ aspect. It talks about actions that will happen or will be completed before other future events.

FUTURE COMPLETED

Future Perfect in ENGLISH

1. By the time I graduate from TBLS, I ___________________________read enough Latin to read Cicero and Vergil!

2. When my fellow discipulī and discipulae come to school tomorrow, they ____________________studied every one of the principal parts for the verbs regō through vincō.

3. If you all are cleanly, you ______________________ _________ all the stinky gym clothes out of your lockers before you go home for February break.

will have

will have

will havetaken

Translation of the FUTURE PERFECT is “will have _______ed”

Future Perfect Tense FORMULA_____________ stem + _______________ tense forms of sum, esse, fuī

• EXCEPTION:• 3rd person plural- ending is ‘erint’ NOT ‘erunt’– BONUS! Why does this exception exist?

PERFECT FUTURE

To distinguish it from the PERFECT tense, which has the same ending for the 3rd person plural

1st person singular– to love

Present Future

Perfect

Imperfect

“I loved” (SIMPLE)

Tense Timeline

“I love” (SIMPLE)“I am loving” (PROGRESSIVE)

“I will love” (SIMPLE)

“I was loving” (PROGRESSIVE)“I used to love” (REPEATED)

“I do love” (EMPHATIC) “I will be loving” (PROGRESSIVE)

>< ??

“I did love” (EMPHATIC)

Pluperfect“I had loved” (COMPLETED)

PRESENT STEM

PERFECT STEM

Future Perfect“I will have loved” (COMPLETED)

Conjugate and Translate iubeō, iubēre, iussī in the FUTURE PERFECT tense:


1st person

2nd person

3rd person

iusserōI will have ordered

iusseris you will have ordered

iusserit she will have ordered

iusserimuswe will have ordered

iusseritis you all will have ordered

iusserint they will have ordered

• Conjugate and Translate possum, posse, potuī in the FUTURE PERFECT tense:


1st person

2nd person

3rd person

potuerōI will have been able

potueris you will have been able

potuerit she will have been able

potuerimuswe will have been able

potueritis you all will have been able

potuerint they will have been able

Verb Tense ReviewIndependent Work

• Verb Tense Review (pg. 3)

– To translate the English verbs below into Latin, do the following:• identify the TENSE of the verb• identify the STEM which you will use• identify the tense INFIX which you will use (if there is no

infix, write “X”)• identify the PERSONAL ENDING which you will add• produce the Latin form of the verb

Propositum: DWBAT translate verbs in the future perfect tense in context

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘The Path of Allecto’ handout from the front of

the room2. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz3. After the quiz is over, take out your ‘Future Perfect

Tense’ packet and a red pen and turn to pg. 3 for correction and inspection

PENSUM #80:FINISH YOUR ‘THE PATH OF ALLECTO’ TRANSLATION

2/13/14

English Verb TENSE LATIN STEM INFIX ? PERSONAL ENDING Latin Verb

they were ordering IMPERFECT iubē- bā -nt iubēbant

she is helping PRESENT iuvā- -t iuvat

we remained PERFECT mans- -imus mansimus

I will transform FUTURE mutā- b ō mutābō

you all had wished PLUPERFECT optāv- -eratis optāveratis

I will seek FUTURE pet- a -m petam

we will have placed FUTURE PERFECT posu- -erimus posuerimus

he had been able PLUPERFECT potu- -erat potuerat

you (sg.) will lead FUTURE dūc- ē -s dūcēs

we used to receive IMPERFECT accipi- ēbā -mus accipiēbāmus

they cut PRESENT caed- -unt caedunt

they will seize FUTURE capi- ē -nt capient

you all give PRESENT da- -nt dant

‘The Path of Allecto’ Annotation and Translation


reference• 1-2 people will lead in translation– Indicate your group role with an A, G, or T at the top of

your page– Aim to finish by the end of the recitation– If you finish early, work on the Future Perfect Scavenger

Hunt at the bottom of pg. 1

Future Perfect Scavenger HuntDIRECTIONS: Identify all of the pluperfect tense verbs from the passage above

• Before what other actions do these verbs occur?

volāverit 3rd sing. (she) will have flowncucurrerit 3rd sing. (she) will have raniēcerit 3rd sing. (she) will have thrown

ēgerit 3rd sing. (she) will have driven

Future Perfect

Propositum: DWBAT translate verbs in the future perfect tense in context

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Verb Synopsis’ handout from the front of the

room2. Take out a red pen and your ‘Path of Allecto’

translation for correction and inspection

PENSUM #81:ANSWER THE ‘THE PATH OF ALLECTO’ READING

COMPREHENSION QUESTION

2/14/14

‘The Path of Allecto’

1. Allecto ad rēginam (Amatam), Turnum et Ascanium volāverit

2. antequam īra Iūnōnis dēficet.

3. ubi rēgniam invenit, Furia ātram serpentem ē crīnibus carpit

4. et in pectus rēginae iacit. rēgina, iam furiōsa īrā, in silvam cum

5. fīlia cucurrerit antequam Aeneas Lāvīniam in mātrimōnium

6. dūcere poterit.

Allecto will have flown to the queen (Amata), Turnus and Ascanius

before the anger of Juno (will) subside/fade away.

When she finds the queen, the Fury plucks a black snake from (her) hairs

and throws (it) into the heart of the queen. The queen, now crazy with anger,

will have ran into the forest with (her) daughter before Aeneas

will be able to lead Lavinia into marriage.

7. Furia quoque ad Turnum facem ultiōnis (ob āmissiōnem

8. sponsae) iēcerit antequam ē somnīs excitat. tandem Allecto canēs

9. Ascaniī ad odorem cervī, sacrī Latīnīs, ēgerit antequam

10. Ascanius cervum unā sagittā caedet. deinde cunctī Latīnī causās

11. bellī contrā Trōianōs habēbunt.

‘The Path of Allecto’

The Fury also will have thrown a torch of vengeance to Turnus

(because of the loss of his bride-to-be) before he wakes from (his) dreams.

Finally Allecto will have driven the dogs of Ascanius to the scent of a stag, sacred to the Latins, before

Ascanius will kill the stag will a single arrow.

Then all (of) the Latins will have reasons of (for) war against the Trojans.

MATCHINGDirections: Match the person, number, and tense given on the left with a Latin verb from the right

• amāverant• fēcistī• dūcent• tenēbō• potuistis• manēbimus• posuerint• erat• poterant• dīxerāmus• gesseris• sum• vēnī• das• petīvimus

tenēbōpotuistisdīxeramuserat

dūcentdas

gesserissumposuerintamāverant

petīvimus

VERB SYNOPSISA verb synopsis asks you to produce all the tenses of a Latin verb for a given person & number. • timeō, ________, __________ : _________

2nd person pluraltimēre timuī to fear

timētis you all fear

timēbatis you all were fearing

timēbitis you all will fear

timuistis you all feared

timueratis you all had fearedtimueritis you all will have feared

Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Introduction to Pronouns: is, ea, id (3rd Person)’ handout

from the front of the room2. With your table members:

1. Define a ‘pronoun’

2. Make a list of all of the pronouns you can think of in English

PENSUM #82:1. QUIZ ON FUTURE PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT VERBS

TOMORROW (2 CONJUGATION CHARTS, 2 SENTENCES TO TRANSLATE)

2. PG. 3 OF YOUR INTRODUCTION TO PRONOUNS HANDOUT

2/24/14

A pronoun is…

• A word that stands in for a noun in either the 1st, 2nd or 3rd person

• Refers to someone in the sentence/text or someone mentioned in the sentence/text

Which half of each pair is nominative? CIRCLE the pronoun that is used in English for the nominative.

Which half of each pair is accusative (and used for other non-nominative cases)?

BOX this pronoun.

1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person

I / meus / we

youyou all

he / himshe / her

it

they / them

• In English, we refer to pronouns in the nominative case as ___________________________ pronouns.

• • We refer to pronouns in the accusative case as

___________________________ pronouns. • • As English speakers, we know immediately if a

pronoun is used in the wrong case! Latin speakers knew this instinctively for every kind of noun.

subject

object

Me know how to speak English! Why are you saying to I?!

THE 3RD PERSON LATIN PRONOUN IS, EA, ID

1) The 3rd Person pronoun is, ea, id is used in Latin to talk about _____________, _____________, _____________ in the singular, and _____________ in the plural.

2) is and its declined forms are used for the __________________________ gender. ea is used for the __________________________ gender, and id is used for the __________________________ gender.

3) Like every Latin noun, these pronouns will DECLINE and appear in each case according to the grammatical role of the pronoun within its clause.

4) In situations in which these pronouns appear in cases other than the nominative, we will need to translate them with the English _______________________________________ .

he/him she/her itthey/them

masculinefeminine

neuter

object pronoun translations

Group Work15 minutes

• Translate and annotate the 6 sentences below with your table members

• Fill in the forms of the Latin 3rd person personal pronouns into the chart below.

3rd Person Personal Pronoun is, ea, id SINGULAR

MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER

NOMINATIVE ishe

eashe

idit

GENITIVE

DATIVE

ACCUSATIVE

ABLATIVE

eumhim

eiusof him/his

eiusof her/hers

eiusof it/its

eīto/for him

eīto/for her

eīto/for it

idit

eōBWIOF it

eamher

eāBWIOF her

eōBWIOF him

Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify 3rd person personal pronouns

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘is, ea, id (3rd Person Plural)’ handout from the

front of the room

2. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz

3. Take out your HW for inspection

PENSUM #83:PG. 2 OF YOUR HANDOUT

2/25/14

Quiz 21: FUTURE PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT TENSE

• You have 10 minutes to complete your quiz

1. Allecto ad rēgīnam, Turnum, et Ascanium volāverit antequam īra Iūnōnis dēficiet.

rēgīnam acc. fem. eam her

Turnum acc. masc. eum him

Ascanium acc. masc. eum himīra nom. fem. ea she/it

Iūnōnis gen. fem. eius of her/hers

Group Work15 minutes

• Translate and annotate the 6 sentences below with your table members

• Fill in the forms of the Latin 3rd person personal pronouns into the chart below.

3rd Person Personal Pronoun is, ea, id PLURAL

MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER

NOMINATIVE

GENITIVE

DATIVE

ACCUSATIVE

ABLATIVEeōs

them

eīsto them

eōrumof them/their

eaethey

eathey

eīsBWIOF them

eīsBWIOF them

eīsBWIOF them

eīthey

eathem

eāsthem

eīsto them

eīsto them

eārumof them/their

eōrumof them/their

Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify is, ea, id as a pronoun and an adjective

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘IS, EA, ID: PRONOUN AND PRONOMINAL

ADJECTIVE’ handout from the front of the room

2. Complete the STATIM at the top of your handout

3. Take out your HW for inspection

PENSUM #84:TRANSLATE LINES 6-13 OF NISUS ET EURYALUS

2/26/14

• Is, ea, id can function as a PRONOUN;– A pronoun is

___________________________________________________________________

– is means ______, ea means______ and id means ______.

– Plural forms mean ___________.

Aeneas filiam rēgis in Italiā amāvit, sed quoque Turnus eam amāvit.

A word that stands in for a noun in either the 1st, 2nd or 3rd person and refers to someone in the sentence/text or someone mentioned in the sentence/text

he/him she/herit

they/them

Aeneas loved the daughter of the king in Italy, but Turnus also loved her.

is, ea, id can also function as a PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVE.

– pronominal means ____________________________________________

– adjective means __________________________________________________

– if singular, translate is, ea, id as “____________”/ “____________”– if plural, translate is, ea, id as “____________”/ “____________”

dum in castrīs ducēs Trōiānōrum cōnsilium capiēbant, ad ea castra Nīsus Euryalusque vēnērunt.

**Which Latin word signals that eōs needs to be translated as a pronominal adjective, and not a pronoun? ____________________

acting like a pronoun

a word that describes a nounthis

thatthese

those

While the leaders of the Trojans were forming a plan In the camps, Nisus and Euralyus at those camps

castra

‘Nisus et Euryalus’ Annotation and Translation


reference• 1-2 people will lead in translation– Indicate your group role with an A, G, or T at the

top of your page– Translate lines 1-5

NISUS ET EURYALUS1. Nīsus ducibus Trōiānōrum dīxit, “Ō magnī virī, sī mē cum

2. Euryalō ad castra Rutulōrum mittētis, eōs hostēs vincēmus.

3. quoque ex eīs castrīs praedam capiēmus, somnus enim eōs

4. mīlitēs habēbit.” ubi Aeneas ea cōnsilia audīverat, dīxit:

5. “honōrem eōrum civum laudō. Valēte, amicī, et bona fortūna!”

Nisus said to the leaders of the Trojans, “Oh great men, if you will send me with Euryalus

to the camps of the Rutulians, we will conquer these enemies.

We will also take loot out of these camps, because sleep will have these soldiers.”

When Aeneas had listened to these plans, he said:

“I praise the honor of these plans. Goodbye, friends, and good luck!”

(they will be sleeping)

Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify is, ea, id as a pronoun and an adjective

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘NISUS ET EURYALUS IS, EA, ID: PRONOUN AND

PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVE’ handout from the front of the room

2. Take out your HW and a red pen for inspection and correction3. Review your translation for lines 6-13 with your table and

decide on 1 question you have for the class about a difficulty you had with the translation

PENSUM #85:STUDY FOR A QUIZ ON IS, EA, ID TOMORROWSTUDY FORMS (NOTES FROM 2/24 AND 2/25) AND

TRANSLATIONS (2/26)

2/27/14

NISUS ET EURYALUS6. Nīsus Euryalusque in castra vēnērunt, et eī multōs virōs

7. cecidērunt. Euryalus ducem magnum cecidit et ē corpore eius

8. ōrnāmenta galeamque cēpit. cum eīs praemiīs fūgiēbat, sed ubi

9. Volcēns, dux Rutulōrum, eum viderat, suōs mīlitēs vocāvit.

10. splendor eius galeae eōs ad Euryalum dūxit, itaque eī eum

11. cecidērunt. Nīsus suum amīcum in periculō viderat, et eum

12. servāre audēbat. sed eī auxilium dare nōn poterat: is Volcentem

13. cecidit, sed tum aliī Rutulī Nīsum cecidērunt.

Nisus and Euryalus came into the camps, and they killed many men.

Euryalus killed a great leader and took the equipment and helmet from his body.

He was fleeing with these spoils, but when Volcens,

the leader of the Rutulians, had seen him, he summoned his soldiers.

The brightness of his helmet led them to Euryalus, and so they killed him.

Nisus had seen his friend in danger, and was daring (dared) to save him.

But he was not able to give help to him:

he killed Volcens, but then the other Rutulians killed Nisus.

NISUS ET EURYALUSIS, EA, ID: PRONOUN AND PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVE

• Group work– List the forms of is, ea, id that appear in lines 6-13

of your text– For each, write whether the form is a pronoun or

an adjective, give its GNC, and translate it– Raise your hand for a group work CHECK when

you are done

Nisus and Euryalus by Jean-Baptiste Roman (1827)

Propositum: DWBAT answer reading comprehension questions using Latin evidence

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘NISUS ET EURYALUS EXPLICATIO

PRACTICE’ handout from the front of the room2. Take out a pen for your quiz

PENSUM #87:COMPLETE YOUR EXPLICATIO (READING

COMPREHENSION) RESPONSE IN FULLSTUDY FOR YOUR TERM 3 MIDTERM EXAM ON

WEDNESDAY 3/5

2/28/14

Quiz 22: IS, EA, ID- PRONOUN AND ADJECTIVE

• You have 10 minutes to complete this quiz

RESPONSEHave you…1. Written a brief introduction and conclusion?

– “During Aeneas’ visit to the Underworld he is encouraged to continue on his journey…

2. – “In conclusion, Aeneas is encouraged to continue on his journey to Italy to fulfill

his destiny by the words of support and the promise of a better future from both Deiophobus and his father, Anchises”

3. Answered the question presented by the prompt or followed the instructions given in the prompt?– WHY “Aeneas is encouraged to continue on his journey because…”– HOW “Aeneas is encouraged to continue on his journey by…”

4. Organized your argument in a logical sequence?– Aeneas goes to the Underworld with the Sibyl they meet Deiophobus who was

a friend of a Aeneas who speaks positively about Aeneas’ future they meet Anchises who takes them to a hill from which they can see the faces of the souls yet to be born Anchises says that he will tell Aeneas about the glory of his descendants in Italy and that these famous souls will march in their name

EVIDENCEHave you… 1. Integrated your evidence into the body of your response?

2. Translated/paraphrased your evidence accurately?

3. Only included as much evidence as you are actually using in your argument?

4. Used relevant evidence to support your argument, NOT merely cited evidence for the sake of citing evidence, nor cited evidence that does not support your argument?

EXAMPLE “When Deiophobus tells Aeneas that he will have a glorious fate

(Aeneas, fātum glōriōsum habēbis!, line 8), Aeneas feels encouraged knowing a better destiny lays ahead for him in his future”

Nisus & Euryalus: EXPLICĀTIO Practice (Reading Comprehension)

Directions: Write a complete answer to the following question. Make sure that you do the following:– INTRODUCE your answer with a clear topic sentence that

frames the question.– CITE specific Latin evidence to support the claim you are

making.– EXPLAIN the relevance of your Latin evidence to your answer.

• Nisus and Euryalus have great success when they first enter the enemy camps. What TWO events cause the enemies to begin following and attacking them?

Nisus and Euryalus have great success when they first enter the enemy camps. What TWO events cause the enemies to begin following and attacking them?• Nisus and Euryalus have great success when they first enter the

enemy camps because they are able to kill many men (eī …cecidērunt, lines 6-7) and take equipment from a leader Euryalus kills (ē…cēpit, lines 7-8). There are two events, however, which cause their enemies to start following and attacking them. The first is when Volcens, a leader of the Rutulians, sees Euryalus fleeing with the prizes he took from a Rutulian leader’s corpse (cum…viderat, lines 8-9). This causes Volcens to begin to follow him, which we can imply from the fact that Volcens summons his soldiers together (suōs…vocāvit, line 9). The second event which causes the enemies to follow and attack Euryalus is when the brightness of the stolen helmet leads them to him (splendor…duxit, line 10), attracting his enemies to a helmet owned by one of their own soldiers. Once they spot him, and recognize him as an enemy who has stolen the equipment of one of their own men, they kill him immediately.

Part IIDirections: Pick a partner at your table. Answer a DIFFERENT

question out of the two provided on the other side of this page than your partner.

Question #1: • What is Aeneas’ opinion of Nisus and Euryalus’ plans and WHY

do you believe he holds that opinion? Cite Latin evidence to support your response.

Question #2• While under attack, and with Euryalus dying, did Nisus act

bravely? Cite Latin evidence to support your response.

Nisus & Euryalus: EXPLICĀTIO Practice (Reading Comprehension)

Propositum: DWBAT complete a practice version of the Term 3 Midterm exam

Facite Nunc: 1. Take the following handouts from the front of the room:

1. Term 3 Midterm Study Guide2. Term 3 Practice Midterm

2. Read through the Term 3 Midterm Study Guide and annotate as necessary

1. Highlight/star what you need to study, write out any questions you have about content or the format of questions you will see on the exam

PENSUM #88:COMPLETE YOUR TERM 3 PRACTICE MIDTERM IN FULLSTUDY FOR YOUR TERM 3 MIDTERM EXAM ON WEDNESDAY 3/5

3/3/14

Term 3 Practice Midterm

• Work independently on your practice midterm• DO NOT use your notes unless you absolutely

have to• Complete sections in any order you like• Star questions you are unsure of

Term 3 Practice MidtermMultiple Choice Answer Key

1. B2. B3. D4. A5. B6. C7. D8. B9. A10. A11. D12. C13. C14. B15. A

Propositum: DWBAT complete a practice version of the Term 3 Midterm exam

Facite Nunc: 1. Take the following handouts from the front of

the room:1. IS, EA, ID: ADDITIONAL PRACTICE

2. Take out your Term 3 Practice Midterm for correction and inspection and a red pen

PENSUM #89:STUDY FOR YOUR TERM 3 MIDTERM EXAM

TOMORROW

3/4/14

1) postquam Turnus consilium Iridis audīverat, ad castra Troianōrum equitāvit. (lines 1-2)

(8 annotations) 2) “contrā eōs castra servāre vōs optō, sī eī hīc vēnerint

antequam revertam.” (lines 5-6) (10 annotations)

3) Turnus clamāvit: “quī erit primus mēcum pugnāre?”

(lines 8-9) (5 annotations)

After Turnus had heard the advice of Iris, he rode on horseback towards the camps of the Trojans.

“I want you all to protect the camps against them, if they will have arrived here before I will return.”

Turnus shouted: “Who will be the first to fight with me?”

PART III – SYNOPSESpugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī – to fight in the 1st person plural

pugnāmus we fight

pugnābāmus

pugnābimus we will fight

we fought

pugnāveramus we had fought

pugnāverimus we will have

audīveratequitāvitvīdēruntcapereiussit

cesseratdīxit

pugnāreoptō

vēnerintrevertamveniēbatexstititfatigat

PRESENT TENSE

IMPERFECT TENSE

FUTURE TENSE

PERFECT TENSE

PLUPERFECT TENSE

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

INFINITIVE

optō, fatigat

veniēbat

revertam

equitāvit, vīdērunt, iussit, dīxit, exstitit

audīverat, cesserat

vēnerint

capere, pugnāre

is, ea, idPronoun or Adjective?

• A form of is, ea, id is a PRONOUN when it stands in for another noun and agrees with it in gender and number– Ex. Nīsus erat amicus Euryalī et is eum amāvit.– Nīsus was a friend of Euryalus and he loved him.

• is stands in for Nīsus- they are both masculine singular• eum stands in for Euyalus- they are both masc. sing.

• A form of is, ea, id is an ADJECTIVE when it modifies/agrees with (but does NOT replace) another noun in GNC– Nīsus Euryalusque consilum cēpērunt et id consilium Aeneae

dīxerunt.– Nisus and Euryalus formed a plan and they told that/this plan to

Aeneas.• id modifies consilium- they are both neuter, singular, accusative

IS, EA, ID:ADDITIONAL PRACTICE

• GROUP WORK– Translate the passage on pg. 1 and complete the

graphic organizer below for the forms of is, ea, id– When you are done, check your work using the

answer key on pgs. 2 and 3

TERM 3 MIDTERM EXAM

• Sit 3 to a table• Put up a divider in front of you• Your final answers must be in PEN• If you finish your exam early, bring it up, turn

it in, and take out non-Latin related work• If you have a question, raise your hand and

come up to the front of the room• Bona fortuna!!!

Propositum: DWBAT complete a section of an prior NLE exam in order to prepare for the upcoming NLE

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘National Latin Exam’ question sheet

from the front of the room

2. Turn to side 2 and skim questions 30-40

PENSUM #90:COMPLETE YOUR PRACTICE NLE EXAM

3/5/14

The National Latin Exam

• What is it?– An 40 question multiple choice test that questions

students on their knowledge of Latin grammar, translation, as well as Roman history, culture, mythology and literature

• Who takes it?– 154,000 Latin students of all ages, levels and abilities

in all 50 states and 12 countries around the world


• What kinds of questions can I expect to see?– There are 5 levels of the exam. You will be taking the Latin

1 level. You can expect to see questions about grammar, vocabulary, mythology, English sayings/phrases taken from Latin, Latin cultural terminology, culture, and geography

• Should I be worried…this is an “exam”, right?– Not at all!!! Your score on the NLE will NOT affect your

grade in any way and no one will know about it besides your magister/ra


• So nothing happens if I don’t do well. But what if I do?– If you score above the national average (usually a

score of 27/40) you will receive a certificate or a medal, depending on how well you do. This is a great thing to put on your resume or college application!

– If you receive a perfect score this year and do well in the years to come, you will be eligible for scholarships for college and prizes.


• Should I study for it?– That’s up to you- because our curriculum is

aligned to IB, and not strictly to the syllabi given by the NLE, there will be questions you won’t know the answers to. The best way to study is to take old exams (all free, with answer keys) on www.nle.org

National Latin Exam- 2011

• GROUP WORK– Look at questions 30-40

• Which questions can you answer WITHOUT looking back to the text?

• Which questions do you NEED to look back at the text to answer?

• How much of the text do you actually need to translate in order to answer these questions correctly?

• Are there any questions you feel like you CAN’T answer?

– If you finish early, work on questions 1-29

NLE Answer Sheet• Write/bubble in:– Level of Latin - 1– Name– Gender– School Name– City – Brooklyn– State– Teacher’s name – Snyder– Grade level (bubble in)– Bubble AND write below your last name _ first name– Bubble AND write below my last name

National Latin Exam Strategies

• If you don’t know a vocabulary word, GUESS!– Think of a word you may know in English or Spanish

that is spelled similarly and guess at its meaning

• Use common sense

• Let the vocabulary you do know help you to eliminate wrong choices

R1- FRONT

LOCKERS

Shamiana

Rahman

DarrenAlan

Paul A

Juan

Chris N AhmedAlexus

Paul PDylan T

Loanni

Kevin

Shadman

Mohammad U

Itunu Aroosha

Daniel MichaelJanice

Reema

Abi

Mirelle

Mohammad S Izabella

Trinity

Pranab

Carlene

Kiara

Jeffrey Desmond

Asha

Propositum: DWBAT complete a section of an prior NLE exam in order to prepare for the upcoming NLE

Facite Nunc: 1. Take the following worksheets from the front of the room

and put them into your binders:1. ‘National Latin Exam 2012’ question sheet (Class Notes)2. Common Expressions (Reference)

2. Take out a piece of looseleaf to take notes3. Review your answers for questions 1-29 with your table

PENSUM #91:COMPLETE THE NLE 2012 EXAMBRING A PENCIL TO SCHOOL ON MONDAY FOR THE NLE

3/7/14

NLE Registration Form• Write/bubble in:– Level of Latin - 2– Name– Gender– School Name– City – Brooklyn– State– Teacher’s name – Snyder– Grade level (bubble in)– Bubble AND write below your last name _ first name– Bubble AND write below my last name

Negative Commands

• Nōlīte + (infinitive) = Don’t ______!– Ex. Nolīte currere! Don’t run!

• Nōlī + (infinitive) = Don’t _______!– Ex. Nolī currere! Don’t run!

• What is the difference between using ‘nolīte’ and ‘nolī’?– Nolīte is when when commanding more than one

person, nolī is used when commanding one person

NLE 2011

• 6. Ambulāte cum mātre ad tabernam; nōlīte currere.– A) will run– B) to run– C) are running– D) do not run

Question Words• Num…? = asks a question which expects a ‘no’ answer

– Num amicum meum vīdistī?• You didn’t see my friend, did you?• Surely you didn’t see my friend?

• Nōnne…? = asks a question which expects a ‘yes’ answer– Nōnne amicum meum vīdistī?

• You saw my friend, didn’t you?• Surely you saw my friend?

• (verb)-ne…? = asks a question which expects a yes or no answer– Amicum meum vīdistine?

• Did you see my friend?

NLE 2011

• 8. Vidēbitisne multōs senātōrēs in Circō Maximō?– A) Will you see…?– B) Do you see…?– C) Were you seeing…?– D) Did you see…?

Roman Numerals• I = 1• V = 5• X = 10• L = 50• C = 100• D = 500• M = 1000• I Value Xylophones Like Cows Do Milk• Roman numerals go in descending order

– MDCLXVI = 1,666• If a smaller valued numeral comes after a larger valued one, add them

together– MD = 1000 500 = 1000 + 500 = 1500

• If a smaller valued numeral comes before a larger valued one, subtract – IX = 1 10 = 10 – 1 = 9

• If a smaller valued numeral comes in between two larger ones, subtract from the right and then add with the left– MCM = 1000 + (1000 -100) = 1000 + 900 = 1900

NLE 2011

19. The Roman Republic began in 509 B.C. What is 509 in Roman numerals?A) LIXB) LXIC) DIXD) DXI

NLE 2012

18. The Roman numeral LIX represent the number A) 29B) 59C) 69D) 109

Geography

• Seas– Tyrrhenian (west)– Adriatic (east)– Mediterranean (south)

• Rivers– Tiber– Po– Rubicon

• Mountains– Apennines

PRACTICE

• If you were traveling from Italy to Troy, what sea would you cross to get there?– Mediterranean sea– Adriatic sea– Caspian sea– Tyrrhenian sea

NLE 2011

• 22. What mountain range is commonly known as the “spine” of Italy because it runs down the center of the mainland?– A) Pyrenees– B) Caucasus– C) Atlas– D) Apennines

Latin Numerals• 1 = ūnus• 2 = duo• 3 = trēs• 4 = quattuor• 5 = quīnque• 6 = sex• 7 = septem• 8 = octō• 9 = novem• 10 = decem

NLE 2012

• 15. Quot pedēs habet equus?– A) duo– B) trēs– C) quattuor– D) octō

NLE 2012

Independent Work• Answer the remaining questions on your

practice NLE exam• When you are done, use the attached answer

key to check your work

R1- FRONT

LOCKERS

Shamiana

Rahman

DarrenAlan

Paul A

Juan

Chris N AhmedAlexus

Paul PDylan T

Loanni

Kevin

Shadman

Mohammad U

Itunu Aroosha

Daniel MichaelJanice

Reema

Abi

Mirelle

Mohammad S Izabella

Trinity

Pranab

Carlene

Kiara

Jeffrey Desmond

Asha

R6- FRONT

LOCKERS

AnikaMorgan

Netanya Noah

CoreyDaniel

RushaidTafari

SantiagoCharlene

Ralph

Coco

IshratWuraola

Kalea

Nayely

Emma

AminahJoey

James

Erminson

Tanjim Areeba

RezwanPaul

Propositum: DWBAT identify verb forms according to voice

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Introduction to the Passive Voice’ worksheet from the

front of the room and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binder

2. Define the words ‘passive’ and ‘active’. 3. How could you apply the words ‘passive’ and ‘active’ to verbs

or verb forms?

PENSUM #92:NIHIL PENSUM HODIEEXPLICATIO 3/18TRANSLATIO 3/25

3/10/14

What information is located within this verb?

• amābāmus– Definition– Person and Number– Tense and Aspect– VOICE– MOOD

DEFINITION

– The DEFINITION of a verb tells you basic MEANING of the verb (ex. love, run, see). The definition of a verb is contained within its stem or root. The stem of a verb is located at the _________________ of the verb form.

– Ex. the DEFINITION of amābāmus is “love” (stem = amā)

beginning

PERSON AND NUMBER

– The PERSON AND NUMBER of a verb tell you WHO the subject of the verb is (ex. I, you, he/she/it, we, you all, they). There are 6 person number combinations. The person and number can be found at the _________________ of the verb form.

– Ex. the PERSON AND NUMBER of amābāmus is 1st person plural (person and number ending = -mus)

ending

TENSE AND ASPECT– The TENSE AND ASPECT of a verb tell you WHEN AND HOW

the verb is being done. There are 6 tenses and many different aspects (ex. simple, progressive, completed, continual, etc.). Aspect is decided by tense and if more than one is possible, the best aspect is decided based on CONTEXT by the reader/listener. The tense of a verb can be determined by looking at the infix/tense sign in the _______________ of the verb form or looking at the principal part and ending used in the verb form.

– Ex. the TENSE of amābāmus is imperfect (tense sign/infix = -bā-) and the ASPECT could be either habitual (used to love) or continuous (was loving)

middle

VOICE

– The VOICE of a verb tells you whether the subject of a verb is DOING or RECEIVING the action of the verb. The voice of a verb can either be ACTIVE (if the subject is doing the action of the verb) or PASSIVE (if the subject is receiving the action of the verb)

– Ex. the VOICE of amābāmus is active because the subject “we” are doing the action of loving.

Exerceāmus!Shape-Shifting Ships: ACTIVE versus PASSIVE

• ANNOTATE the following sentences for subject, verb, direct object, and for passive verbs, the do-er of the action with a STAR (*). Then decide whether the sentence/clause is ACTIVE or PASSIVE.– e.g. The Trojans had been told (by Aeneas) … – PASSIVE sentence because the subject, the

Trojans, is receiving the action

*

Exerceāmus!Shape-Shifting Ships: ACTIVE versus PASSIVE

• List the letters of the sentences that are in the ACTIVE: _____________________

• List the letters of the sentences that are in the PASSIVE: _____________________

• What is the DIFFERENCE between the way you annotated the ACTIVE sentences versus the way you annotated the PASSIVE sentences?

B, E, G, I

A, C, D, F, H

•In the PASSIVE sentences, an ablative/prepositional phrase is doing the action•The ACTIVE sentences, the subject is doing the action•The PASSIVE sentences don’t have direct objects

TRANSLATING THE PASSIVE VOICEComplete the following translations of the PASSIVE voice for each tense.• PRESENT tense

– ACTIVE = we love, we are loving– PASSIVE =

• IMPERFECT tense

– ACTIVE = we were loving, we used to love– PASSIVE =

• FUTURE tense

– ACTIVE = we will love– PASSIVE =

we are loved, we are being loved

we were being loved, we used to be loved

we will be loved

TRANSLATING THE PASSIVE VOICEComplete the following translations of the PASSIVE voice for each tense.• PERFECT tense

– ACTIVE = we loved – PASSIVE =

• PLUPERFECT tense

– ACTIVE = we had loved – PASSIVE =

• FUTURE PERFECT tense

– ACTIVE = we will have loved– PASSIVE =

we were loved

we had been loved

we will have been loved

R9- FRONT

LOCKERS

AnikDevonte

Michelle

Sarah

Matthew Ling

Steven

Arman

Alec

Andy

Owais

Keri

Samuel

Robin

AbigailPeggy

Sophia

Iyana Ar Raya

Naveed

Dontae

Masror

Jhevanae

Minhazul Richard

Propositum: DWBAT identify and translate passive voice verbs

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Passive Personal Endings’ handout from the

front of the room and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders

2. Complete the STATIM at the top of pg. 1 of your handout

PENSUM #93:• CONJUGATING THE PASSIVE VOICE PRESENT TENSE

(PG. 3)

3/11/14

STATIM

• The voice of a verb tells you whether the subject of that verb is __________________ or ___________________ the action of the verb.

• If the subject is DOING the action of the verb, the voice of the verb is ___________________________.

• If the subject is RECEIVING the action of the verb, the voice of the verb is ___________________________.

DOINGRECEIVING

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

PASSIVE Personal Endings

1. ubi navēs in fēminās mutāntur, Trōianī eās vīdent et transformatione defiguntur.

a) PASSIVE verb #1 = b) Person and number of PASSIVE verb #1 = c) PASSIVE verb #2 = d) Person and number of PASSIVE verb #2 = e) Sentence Translation =

mutāntur3rd plural

defiguntur3rd plural

When the ships are changed into women, the Trojans see them and are astonished by the transformation.

EXERCEĀMUS!Group Work

• Annotate and translate the sentences below and identify the passive verb and its person and number.

• When you are finished, raise your hands for a group work CHECK

• If you finish early, you may move on to your HW

vocō, vocāre, vocāvī to callConjugation # ________

1st

vocorvocāris/vocāre

vocātur

vocāmurvocāminī

vocāntur

I am called

you are called

she is called

we are calledyou all are calledthey are called

Propositum: DWBAT change the voice of a sentence in English and Latin and identify the changes when changing voice in Latin

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Ablative of Agent and Ablative of Means’

handout from the front of the room and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders

2. Take out your HW for inspection and a red pen for correction

PENSUM #94:PASSIVE VOICE: IMPERFECT & FUTURE TENSES (PGS. 3&4)PASSIVE VOICE QUIZ ON FRIDAY (CONJUGATION AND

TRANSLATION)

3/12/14

vocō, vocāre, vocāvī to callConjugation # ________

1st

vocorvocāris/vocāre

vocātur

vocāmurvocāminī

vocāntur

I am called

you are called

she is called

we are calledyou all are calledthey are called

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī to lead Conjugation # ________

3rd

dūcor

dūcitur

dūcimurdūciminī

dūcuntur

I am led

you are led

she is led

we are ledyou all are led

they are led

dūceris

Ablative of Agent vs. Ablative of Means

• Use Ablative of Agent when the performer of the action is a ___________________ and Ablative of Means when the performer of the action is a ___________________

• Translate Ablative of Agent or Ablative of Means nouns with the preposition ‘by’

PERSON/LIVING THING

THING/IDEA

Ablative of Agent vs. Ablative of Means

1. ABLATIVE OF AGENT = ā/ab + abl. noun (PERSON)– Ex. urbs ā virīs dēlētur The city is destroyed by the men– ā virīs = by the men ABLATIVE OF AGENT

2. ABLATIVE OF MEANS = noun (THING) in the ablative case (NO preposition)– Ex. urbs flammīs dēlētur The city is destroyed by flames– flammīs = by flames ABLATIVE OF MEANS

Active to Passive Changes in LatinACTIVE PASSIVE

The Greeks burn the city of Troy.

The city of Troy was burned (by the Greeks).

What changes take place when we change an ACTIVE sentence to a PASSIVE one?

Ablative of Agent/Means

Subject (nom.)

Passive verb

1. virī in Italiā ā rēge Latīnō regēbantur.

a) TRANSLATION:

b) CHANGE VOICE:

c) TRANSLATE:

The men in Italy were being ruled by a Latin king.PASSIVE

ACTIVE A Latin king was ruling the men in Italy.

rex Latinus regēbat.virōs in Italiā

Exerceāmus!

Directions: For each sentence below:• ANNOTATE and TRANSLATE the Latin sentence• REWRITE the translation of your sentence in English in

the opposite voice (ex. active passive or passive active)

• REANNOTATE and RETRANSLATE the sentence you have produced.

• When you are done, raise your hand for a group work CHECK

• If you finish early, you may move on to your HW

Propositum: DWBAT translate passive voice verbs and ablative of agent/means in context

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘The Death of Turnus’ handout from the front of

the room and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders

2. Take out your HW for inspection and a red pen for correction

PENSUM #95:TRANSLATE ‘THE DEATH OF TURNUS’ THROUGH LINE 8PASSIVE VOICE QUIZ TOMORROW (CONJUGATION AND

TRANSLATION)

3/32/14

capiō, capere, cēpī – to take Conjugation # ___Imperfect Tense, Passive voice

3rd -io

capiēbarcapiēbaris/capiēbarecapiēbātur

capiēbāmurcapiēbāminī

capiēbāntur

I was being takenyou were being takenshe was being taken

we were being taken

you all were being takenthey were being taken

teneō, tenēre, tenuī – to hold Conjugation # ___Future Tense, Passive voice

2nd

tenēbortenēberis/tenēberetenēbitur

tenēbimurtenēbiminī

tenēbuntur

I will be held

you will be held

she will be held

we will be held

you all will be heldthey will be held

‘The Death of Turnus’ Annotation and Translation


reference• 1-2 people will lead in translation– Indicate your group role with an A, G, or T at the top

of your page– Change absūmitur to absūmeris (line 3) – Translate lines 1-8


Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Death of Turnus’ text and a red

pen for correction 2. Take out a black/blue pen for your quiz

PENSUM #96:TRANSLATE ‘THE DEATH OF TURNUS’ THROUGH

LINE 15EXPLICATIO ON WEDNESDAY 3/19

3/14/14

Quiz 23: Passive Voice

• You have 10 minutes for your quiz• Add the word cognoscere to the last sentence

‘The Death of Turnus’ Annotation and Translation



of your page– Change absūmitur to absūmeris (line 3) – Translate lines 1-15


Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Explicatio Preparation Document’ handout from the front of the

room and put it into your HW folder

2. Take a Practice Explicatio question sheet from the front of the room and snap it into the Class Notes section of your binders

3. Take out your ‘Death of Turnus’ text and a red pen for correction

4. Review the Explicatiō rubric on the back of your Explicatiō question sheet

PENSUM #97:RE-WRITE YOUR ANNOTATIONS AND FINAL DRAFT TRANSLATION ONTO YOUR

EXPLICATIO TEXT PACKETEXPLICATIO ON TOMORROW

3/18/14

Term 3 Explicatiō• WHEN?

– Tomorrow!

• HOW LONG? – 25 minutes

• WHAT SHOULD I HAVE PREPARED?– Green sheet with annotations and final draft translation

• HOW WILL I BE GRADED?– On STRUCTURE and EVIDENCE (see rubric)

• WHAT PERCENTAGE OF MY TERM 3 GRADE DOES THE EXPLICATIO COUNT FOR?– 10%

‘Death of Turnus’ (lines 1-8)1. rēx Olympī in caelō cum uxōre, Iūnone, in Italiā bellum spectāvit

2. et eī dīxit: “fātum Aeneae ā nōbis cognōscitur, et nōn ullō consiliō

3. Fāta evadentur. nunc absūmeris dolōre - et virī et deī flent. ulterius

4. tē temptāre vetō.”

5. verba Iovis ab uxōre audiēbantur et ea cōnsensit. “cēdam et ā mē

6. bellum relinquētur, sī ā tē nōnnūllae conditiōnēs accipiēntur: nec

7. nōmen Latiī nec lingua mutābuntur. urbs ‘Troia’ nōn aderit,

8. rēgnum ‘Latium’ vocābitur.”

The king of Olympus watched the war in Italy in the sky with (his) wife, Juno

and he said to her: “The fate of Aeneas is recognized by us and the Fates

will not be avoided by any plan. Now you are consumed by pain- both men and gods weep.

I forbid you to try further.”

The words of Jupiter were being heard by (his) wife and she agreed.

“I will yield and the war will be abandoned by me, if several conditions will be accepted by you:

the name of Latium nor the language will be changed.

The city ‘Troy’ will not be present, the kingdom will be called ‘Latium’.

‘Death of Turnus’ (lines 9-15)9. itaque pestis ab Iove dē caelō mittēbātur, et velutī sagitta

10. venēfica, ea ad terram volāvit. sed statim ubi sub nūbibus

11. Trōianōs mīlitēsque Turnī vīdit, in avem mutāvit et cantāvit. ubi

12. vōx avis ā Turnō mīlitibusque eius audiēbatur, comae arrigēbantur

13. et Iuturna, soror custōsque Turnī, carminibus dementābatur.

14. sine sorōre Turnus fugiēbat, sed is ab Aeneā excipiēbatur. eī

15. Turnus clamāvit, “nōn terreor ā tē, sed ā deīs hostibus.”

And so a plague was being sent down from the sky by Jupiter,

and just like a poisonous arrow, it flew to earth.But immediately when it saw the Trojans and the soldiers of Turnus

beneath the clouds, it changed into a bird and sang.

When the voice of the bird was being heard by Turnus and his soldiers,

(their) hairs were being stood on end and Juturna, the sister and guardian of Turnus, was being driven crazy by (its) songs.

Without (his) sister Turnus was fleeing, but he was being cut off by Aeneas.

Turnus shouted to him, “I am not frightened by you, but by the enemy gods.”

‘Death of Turnus’ (lines 15-19)15. ad eum

16. Aeneas tēlum intorsit, et Turnus dīxit, “es victor et Lavinia uxor tua

17. erit; ulterius nolī extendēre odium!”

18. subitō in umerō Turnī cingulum Pallantis, carī amicī Aeneae, ab eō

19. vidēbatur. itaque is ferrum sub pectore Turnī condidit.

Aeneas threw a weapon towards him, and Turnus said, “You are the winner

and Lavinia will be your wife; don’t extend (your) hatred further!”

Suddenly the belt of Pallas, the dear friend of Aeneas, was being seen by him on Turnus’ shoulder.

Therefore he plunged (his) iron (sword) beneath the Turnus’ heart.

EXPLICATIO Practice

• Answer your practice Explicatio question independently

• When you are done, raise your hand for a check of your work

• Then finish your ‘Death of Turnus’ Exercitatio Grammatica from yesterday

‘Death of Turnus’Exercitatio Grammatica

• Group Work– Work with your table members on the Grammar

Exercise worksheet by consulting your ‘DEATH OF TURNUS’ text and translation and completing the following charts which analyze the grammatical structures in the passage.

– Raise your hand for a group work CHECK when you are done

Propositum: DWBAT exhibit comprehension of a Latin text through an Explicatio assessment

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your green ‘Explicatiō Preparation

Document’ for inspection2. Take out a black/blue pen

PENSUM #98COMPLETE YOUR 4TH PP WORKSHEET IN FULL

3/19/14

Term 3 Explicatiō

• You have 25 minutes to write your Explicatiō• You may use your green Preparation

Document alone

The 4th Principal Part• The FOURTH PRINCIPAL PART in Latin is in some ways a verb, but

technically in form it a special type of ADJECTIVE called the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE (PPP). As an adjective it DECLINES, MODIFIES a noun, and must AGREE with it in ____________, ____________, and ___________.

iaciō, iacere, iēcī, IACTUS, -A, -UM I throw, to throw, I threw, (HAVING BEEN) THROWN

– culter iactus the thrown knife (or the knife having been thrown) (nom. sg.

masc.)– hasta iacta the thrown spear (nom. sg. fem.)– tēlum iactum the thrown weapon (nom. sg. neut.)

GENDER NUMBER CASE

Translate the following noun-PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE pairs into Latin.

prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditus to betray • ____________ ____________ : the betrayed king• ____________ ____________ : the betrayed city• ____________ ____________ : the betrayed town

• oppidum, -ī n. town

rex proditus

urbs prodita

oppidum proditum

• There are no rules for forming it; just as, the 3PP it must be MEMORIZED.• • Tips for learning the 4PP:• The stem of 4PPs usually end with –t or –s (or –x)• e.g. vocāt- (vocō) / habit- (habeō) / miss- (mittō) / fugit- (fugiō) / sens-

(sentiō)

• English derivatives frequently (esp. nouns) come from the 4PP.• e.g. “vocation” / “habit” / “mission” / “fugitive” / “sense” • II. Predict the 4PPs of the following verbs based on the tips above.•

amō [amatory]: ___amatus_____videō [vision]: _______________

• capiō [captive]: _______________• ducō [conductor]: _______________• audiō [audition]: _______________• legō [ election ]: _______________

visuscaptus

dūctusaudītuslectus

Perfect Passive Participles in English

• Oh no, I LOST my book. Has anyone seen my LOST book? • The first sentence, “lost” is a perfect tense VERB. • The second is a PARTICIPLE, which is a type of VERBAL ADJECTIVE:

– “lost” DESCRIBES the book, but the book has also received the ACTION of “losing.”

• • For each of the following, underline verbs and draw an asterisk (*) above

participles.• • The movie scared the children. Did you see where the scared children ran?• I just painted the fence: don’t lean on the freshly painted wood!• Conquered Greece conquered Rome.• Educated consumers often buy used cars.

PPP in Latin (4PP)

• Exerceāmus!– Complete the remainder of your worksheet by

translating and annotating the sentences below

Propositum: DWBAT exhibit comprehension of a Latin text through an Explicatio assessment

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘The Passive Voice in the Perfect Tense’

handout from the front of the room2. Take out your ‘The 4th Principal Part’ worksheet

for inspection and correction

PENSUM #99COMPLETE PG. 3 OF YOUR ‘THE PASSIVE VOICE IN

THE PERFECT TENSE’ HANDOUTTRANSLATIŌ WEDNESDAY 3/26

3/20ç14

PPP in Latin (4PP)

b) Iuppiter conditiōnēs uxōris audiēbat. is conditiōnīs AUDITĪS cōnsensit.

c) vox avis Iuturnam dementāvit. sine sorore DEMENTĀTĀ, Turnus fūgit.

d) Aeneas tēlum ad Turnum intorsit. ob tēlum INTORTUM Turnus dolōre clamāvit.

Jupiter was listening to the conditions of his wife.He agreed to the HEARD/LISTENED TO conditions.

The voice of the bird drove Juturna crazy.Without (his) DRIVEN CRAZY/MADDENED sister, Turnus fled.

Aeneas threw a weapon at Turnus.Because of the THROWN weapon Turnus shouted in pain.

4th PP as ADJECTIVE• urbs VICTA– victa is an adjective describing urbs– TRANSLATION = “the conquered city” OR “the city having

been conquered”

4th PP as VERB• urbs VICTA EST– victa is part of the main verb, along with est as a helping verb– “The city is (in a state of) having been conquered.”– If the city is now conquered, then… – TRANSLATION = “The city was conquered.”

4th PP as Adjective AND Verb

• rēx amātus – amātus is a… ________________________________– Translation: “ “ or “ “

• • rēx amātus est. – amātus is part of the verb along with the helping verb est– __________ (in a state of) ______________– If the king is now loved, then…– Translation:

4th PP (Perfect Passive Participle) loved having been loved

The king is having been loved

The king was loved

EXERCEĀMUS!Group Work

• Translate and annotate the following sentences. Use your Term 3 Verbs Vocabulary List: 4th PP to help you.

• Raise your hand for a group work CHECK when you are done

• If you finish early, you may work on your HW (pg. 3)

FORMULA = 4th Principal Part** + Present Tense of sum, esse, fuī

2. visus sum


1. capta est

captae sumus we were capturedcaptae estis you all were capturedcaptae sunt they were captured

Propositum: DWBAT translate and identify verbs in the future perfect and pluperfect tenses in the passive voice

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘THE PLUPERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT

TENSES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE ’ handout from the front of the room

2. Take out your HW from last night for inspection and correction

3. Complete the STATIM on pg. 1 of your handout

PENSUM #100VERB SYNOPSES (PG. 3)TRANSLATIŌ WEDNESDAY 3/26

3/21/14

4. auditī sumus


audītus sum I was heardaudītus es you were heardaudītus est he was heard

audītī sumus we were heardaudītī estis y’all were heard

they were heardaudītī sunt

4th PP + IMPERFECT tense of sum, esse = PLUPERFECT passive

• To form the PLUPERFECT PASSIVE, which represents an action having already been completed before a stated time in the past, Latin uses the formula

• urbēs victae erant = the cities were (already in a state of) having been conquered

• the cities had been conquered• • oraculum audītum erat = the oracle was (already in a

state of) having been heard • the oracle had been heard

4th PP + FUTURE tense of sum, esse = FUTURE PERFECT passive

• To form the FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE, which represents an action having already been completed before a stated time in the past, Latin uses the formula

• mīles dīcit: “ductus erō” = I will already be (in already in a state of) having been led

• I will have been led

• bellum gestum erit = the war will already be (in a state of) having been waged

• war will have been waged

Execeāmus!Group work

• Translate sentences 1-4 and identify the TENSE and VOICE of each verb above each verb form– Ex. amat = present active (or Pres. Act.)

• Raise your hand for a CHECK when you are done

• If you finish early, you may work on your HW

Propositum: DWBAT translate a passage including all tenses and voices of Latin verbs

Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘TERM 3 PRACTICE TRANSLATIŌ: TANTALUS & SPLIT-PELOPS

SOUP’ handout from the front of the room 2. Take out your HW from for inspection3. Read the English context paragraph at the top of your Practice

Translatiō1. Who is Tantalus related to?

2. What was his relative’s crime?

3. What were the first 2 crimes committed by Tantalus?

PENSUM #101COMPLETE YOUR TERM 3 PRACTICE TRANSLATIO TRANSLATIONTRANSLATIŌ WEDNESDAY 3/26

3/24/14

Agamemnon

Sacrificing his daughter Iphigenia

Feeding nectar and ambrosia to his mortal friends and stealing Zeus’ golden hound

‘Term 3 Practice Translatiō’ Annotation and Translation

• Annotate and translate the passage independently– Translate as much as possible and mark the place

you stop at the end of 25 minutes

• After 25 minutes, you will have time to review your translation with your table members


Facite Nunc: 1. Take a ‘Verb Synopses (II)’ handout from

the front of the room2. Take out your ‘TERM 3 PRACTICE

TRANSLATIŌ: TANTALUS & SPLIT-PELOPS SOUP’ handout for correction

3. Take out a red pen4. Review lines 8-15 with your table members

PENSUM #102TRANSLATIŌ WEDNESDAY 3/26

3/25/14

TERM 3 PRACTICE TRANSLATIŌ1. Tantalus, fīlius Iovis, erat rēx Lydiae et is ā deīs amābātur. itaque

2. ā rēge ad cēnam deī vocātī sunt. sed rēgulus fīliusque Tantalī, Pelops,

3. ā patre caesus erat et coctus erat, et regiī servī deīs prō cibō puerum

4. dedērunt.

5. deī cibum in mensā cognovērunt et fastidiō resiluērunt. solum

6. umerus Pelopis neglegenter ā deā Cerere esus est, quae memoriā

7. fīliam amissam tenēbat.

Tantalus, son of Jupiter, was the king of Lydia and he used to be loved by the gods.

And so the gods were summoned by the king to dinner.

But the prince and son of Tantalus, Pelops, had been killed by his father and had been cooked,

and the royal slaves gave the boy to the gods for/in place of food.

The gods recognized the food on the table and recoiled with disgust.

Only the shoulder of Pelops was carelessly eaten by the goddess Ceres,

who was holding (her) lost daughter in (her) memory.

8. Iuppiter īratus rēgem pūnīre Mercurium iussit: ‘capiēs Tantalum et

9. dūcēs eum in Orcum. antequam vinculīs rēgem malum ad arbōrem

10. alligābis, in eā rāmus, semper plēnus pōmōrum, positus erit. Tantalus

11. famelicus erit sed numquam pōma ea edere poterit. quoque malus rēx

12. ad rīvum plēnum aquae manēbit, sed ab eō aqua eius numquam

13. potābitur.”

14. deinde ā Mercuriō Tantalus captus est et nihil etiam ab impiō rēge

15. dēvoratur.

TERM 3 PRACTICE TRANSLATIŌ

Angry Jupiter ordered Mercury to punish the king:‘You will take Tantalus and

you will lead him into the underworld. Before you will bind the evil king to a tree with chains,

a branch will have been place on it, always full of fruits.

Tantalus will be starving but he will never be able to eat these fruits.

Also the evil king will remain near/at a river full of water, but

its water will never be drunk by him.”

Then Tantalus was taken by Mercury

and even now nothing is consumed by the wicked king.

COMPREHENSIŌ

a) Quis est fīlia Cereris?

b) Quid est cībum in mensā?

c) Quis nōn cognovit cībum?

d) Quid est poena Tantalī?

Proserpina est fīlia Cereris.

corpus Pelopis in mensā est.

Ceres cībum nōn cognovit.

Tantalus multum cibum et aquam in Orcō vīdit, sed nōn edere aut potāre potest.

Tantalus pōma edere nōn potest.

Verb Synopsis

• Complete your Verb Synopses (II) independently

• Raise your hand for a CHECK of your work when you are done

Term 3 Translatiō

• Line 6: Change datam est to datum est• Write in blue/black ink• Put a divider up in front of you• If you finish before the recitation ends, bring up

your exam and return to your seat and take out non-Latin related work

• If you have a 4th PP question, I will write up the 1st principal part (but not definition) up on the board



1. ‘Term 3 Practice IA Text’ (Class Notes)2. ‘Term 3 Vocabulary: IA’ (Vocabulary)

2. Fill in the CONJUGATION number of the verbs and DECLENSION number of the nouns on your vocabulary list

PENSUM #101IA FRIDAY 4/4, SESSION 1

3/27/14

Etruscans

‘Term 3 Practice IA Text’ Annotation and Translation


reference• 1-2 people will lead in translation– Indicate your group role with an A, G, or T at the

top of your page– Aim to reach line 12

Vocabulary POP QUIZ!• accipiō, accipere, accēpī, ________: to welcome, receive, accept• adsum, adesse, adfuī, ________: to be present, be here• amō, amāre, amāvī, ________: to love• audiō, audīre, audīvī, ________ : to hear, listen to• caedō, caedere, cecidī, ________: to kill; cut• capiō, capere, cēpī, _________: to take, seize, capture• cēdō, cēdere, cessī, _________: to yield, grant; go• celō, celāre, celāvī, _________: to hide• cognoscō, cognoscere, cognovī, ________: to recognize• dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, _________: to speak, say

acceptus

adfuturusamātus

audītuscaesus

captuscessuscelātus

cognitusdīctus

Term 3 Practice IA TEXT“A Game of Romes”

1. urbs Alba Longa magna erat suōrum rēgum potestāte. rex

2. eius urbis Procas, fīlius Aventī, quī fīlius rēgis Romulī Silviī erat,

3. duōs fīliōs, Numitōrem et Amulium, habuit. quamquam connatī

4. erant, ūnus frater nōn amābātur ab alterō. ubi ā Procā 5. rēgnum Numitōrī datum est, rex odiī dolōrisque

causam Amuliō 6. donāvit.

Term 3 Practice IA TEXT“A Game of Romes”

7. ob id odium, is suum fratrem in exilium mittere conspirābat.

8. ā Numitōre optimē cīvēs rectī erant, sed et dolō et fātō pulsus est

9. ē soliō rex iustus. cum avibus ferīsque habitāre relinquitur.

10. Numitōris fīliōs cecidit Amulius; Numitōris fīlia in sacerdōtis

11. vītam coacta est. nisi deī intercēdent, viae urbis sanguine 12. saturātae erint.

Propositum: DWBAT answer multiple-choice questions which test their understanding of concepts and skills acquired in Term 3


1. ‘Term 3 Practice IA: Multiple-Choice and Verb Synopsis’ (Class Notes)

2. ‘Term 3 IA Study Guide’ (Reference)2. Review your Term 3 IA Study Guide. Annotate for any

questions you have on content or how it will be tested on the IA or any clarification you need on content included in the guide.


3/31/14

Term 3 Practice IAMultiple-Choice and Verb Synopsis

• Take 20 minutes to work through the multiple-choice section independently

• If you finish early, you may either work on the verb synopsis or finish translating lines 13-20 of the passage

Propositum: DWBAT answer multiple-choice questions which test their understanding of concepts and skills acquired in Term 3

Facite Nunc: 1. Take out your ‘Term 3 Practice IA: Multiple-

Choice and Verb Synopsis’ and a red pen2. Turn to the MC question and decide with your

group members if there is 1 question you would like to review as a class


4/1/14

Term 3 Practice IAMultiple Choice ANSWER KEY

1. A2. C3. B4. D5. D6. A7. B8. B9. C10. B11. D12. A13. D14. B15. C

16. B17. C18. A19. B20. D21. C22. C23. B24. B25. B26. D27. ***28. A29. A30. B

SECTION C: Verb SynopsisDirections: Complete the synopsis below by placing the verb form from the passage into the correct synopsis box and then conjugating the verb in the same person and number in all remaining tenses and voices.

dīcit (line 16)

dīcit h/s/I says

dīcēbat he was saying

dīcet he will say

dīxit he said

dīxerat he had said

dīxerit he will have said

dīcitur h/s/i is said

dīcēbāturh/s/i was being said

dīcētur h/s/i will be said

dīctus est h/s/I was said

dīctus erat h/s/I had been said

dīctus erit h/s/I will have been said

‘Term 3 Practice IA Text’ Annotation and Translation



of your page– Lines 13-20– If you finish early, raise your hand for your answer key

Vocabulary POP QUIZ!• dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, ________: to speak, say• dō, dare, dedī, ________: to give• dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ________: to lead• faciō, facere, fēcī, ________ : to make, do• fugiō, fugere, fūgī, ________: to flee, escape• gerō, gerere, gessī, _________: to wage, carry, bear, manage• habeō, habēre, habuī, _________: to have• inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, _________: to find, discover• iubeō, iubēre, iussī, ________: to order, command• iuvō, iuvāre, iuvī,_________: to help

dīctusdatus

dūctusfactus

fūgitusgestus

habitusinventus

iussusiūtus

facite nunc : take a ‘reviewing multiple-choice questions’ handout from the front of the room

Documents

aeneas future

aeneas visit

answer choice

journey becausehow aeneas

cited evidence

glorious fate aeneas

relevant evidence

reading comprehension