european xfel project - · technical design report supplement october ... status of financial...

1

R. BrinkmannProject status June 2008

XFELThe EuropeanX-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

European XFEL Projectoverall status & accelerator complex

R. Brinkmann, DESY -M-For the XFEL Team

2R. BrinkmannProject status June 2008


IntroductionTESLA XFELFirst Stage of the X-Ray Laser Laboratory

Technical Design ReportSupplement

October 2002

TESLA XFELFirst Stage of the X-Ray Laser Laboratory


October 2002

TESLA XFELFirst Stage of the X-Ray Laser Laboratory


October 2002

Oct 2002 : XFEL supplement to TESLA TDR Feb 2003 approval by German government to realize the XFEL as European project with at least 40% funding contributions from partners intense preparation work on technical design, industrialization of components, evaluation of cost/schedule, international project organization

July 2006: completion of XFEL TDR, submitted to and approved by International Steering Committee986M€/y2005 construction cost (+preparation & commissioning cost), negotiations of funding contributions continuing

June 5, 2007: Official project start announced on basis of initially de-scoped start version at 850M€/y2005 construction cost launch tender process for civil construction, finalization of legal documents & prep of XFEL GmbH foundation, negotiations of in-kind contributions

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Status of financial commitments to European XFEL projectIncludes ~90 M€ project preparation phase & commissioning costs

Participation in European XFEL (commitments March 2008, total 1056.6 MEUR)

1.7%

54.9%

23.7%

1.1%

1.0%

1.0%

3.3%1.9%

3.8%2.0%

3.4%

1.0%

1.0%

CH

CN

DE

DK

ES

FR

GB

HU

IT

PL

RU

SE

SK



Overall layout of the European XFEL3.4km

3



XFEL site in Hamburg/Schenefeld



… after construction (computer simulation)

Building Phase 1

Civil construction tender process ongoing – place orders autumn 2008

4



Properties of XFEL radiation

X-ray FEL radiation (0.2 - 12.4 keV)– ultrashort pulse duration <100 fs (rms)– extreme pulse intensities 1012-1014 ph– coherent radiation x109

– average brilliance x104

Spontaneous radiation (20-100 keV)– ultrashort pulse duration <100 fs (rms)– high brilliance

spontaneousradiation

3,000 bunches per linac pulse



SASE 1 planar 0.1 nm

e-

electrons

17.5 GeV

Expe

rimen

ts

SASE 3tunable, planar

0.4 – 1.6 nm

e- SASE 2

tunable, planar ~0.15 – 0.4 nm

1.2 – 4.9 nm (10 GeV)

Beam lines in start versionSpace for spontaneous rad. or SASE beam lines

Add helical undu. section later

Additional initial cost saving by shortening s.c. linac 20 17.5 GeV

Photon wavelengths below 0.1nm design value require linac gradient above 23.6 MV/m design value

5



Selection of first instruments

Small Quantum Systems – Investigation of atoms, ions, molecules and clusters in intense fields and non-linear phenomena.

SQS

Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments – Time-resolved investigations of the dynamics of solids, liquids, gases

FDE

Materials Imaging & Dynamics –Structure determination of nano- devices and dynamics at the nanoscale.

MID

Ultrafast Coherent Diffraction Imaging of Single Particles, Clusters, andBiomolecules – Structure determination of single particles: atomic clusters, bio-molecules, virus particles, cells.

SPB

Soft x-ray Coherent Scattering –Structure and dynamics of nano-systems and of non-reproducible biological objects using soft X-rays.

SCS

High Energy Density Matter – Investigation of matter under extreme conditions using hard x-ray FEL radiation, e.g. probing dense plasmas.

HED

Brief description of the instrumentInstrument

Har

d X-

rays

Soft

X-ra

ys



Distribution of first instruments

FEL radiation 0.25 – 3 keV; High resolution

FEL radiation 0.25 – 3 keV; High flux

SASE 3

FEL radiation 3-12 keVHigh time-resolutionSpontaneous radiation (3rd, 5th harmonics)

SASE 2

FEL radiation ~12 keVHigh coherenceSpontaneous radiation (3rd, 5th harmonics)

SASE 1

Photon beam line characeristicsSource SASE 2

SASE 1

SASE 3

U 1

U 2

SQSSCS

SPBMID

FDEHEDSASE 2

SASE 1

SASE 3

U 1

U 2

SQSSCS

SPBMID

FDEHED

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Photon beam systems developments• Undulators: prototyping ongoing (synergy with PETRA-III), studies of

mech. Tolerances, temperature stabilization, …

• Photon diagnostics: conceptual design & tests of beam diagnostics, photon beam based alignment for undulator sections, …

• Investigations of photon beam transport systems

• 2D-Detectors: major challenge e-beam time structure, R&D program launched in two consortia (HPAD, LPD), 3rd under discussion (DEPFET)

• DAQ work package recently established & active



Accelerator complex

100 accelerator modules

800 1.3 GHZ cavities g=23.6 MV/m

25 RF stations P=5.2 MW

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Work Package

Work Package Groups

Accelerator consortium work packages



Accelerator in-kind contributions (total value 517 M€)

Figures will change in detail – negotiations ongoing!

Contributions to accelerator consortium (preliminary!)

1.8%

59.0%

0.1%

0.7%

6.8%

6.1%

2.9%

13.4%0.4% 8.0% 0.8%

CH

CN

DE

DK

ES

FR

IT

PL

RU

SE

open

Many institutes from TESLA collaboration & new partners

8



XFEL Management Board

Accelerator Consortium Board (ACB)

(Chaired by the CC)

XFEL GmbH

WPG-3 Work Packages

WPG-3 WPLs & WPCLs

Accelerator Consortium

AC Work Packages

AC WPLs & WPCLs

XFEL Project Board

XFEL Council

XFEL Construction: Overall Organisation & Information Flow

Consortium Coordinator

( CC + CT)- DESY -

ACB & Consortium Plenary assembles 2 times a year.

Assembly of the technical expertise• Cold Linac Coord. Meeting (monthly)• Mach. Layout Coord. Meeting (monthly)• Tech. Coord. Meeting (monthly)



Cavity Fabrication

Half cells are produced by deep drawing.

Annealing is next to achieve complete re-crystalisation.

Dumb bells are formed by electron beam welding.

RF measurements support visual inspection.

After proper cleaning eight dumb bells and two end group sections are assembled in a precise fixture.

All equator welds can be done in one production step.

Engineering Data Management Systems (EDMS) is used for the documentation of the cavity fabrication process.

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s.c. cavities – all measurements @TTF since start of TESLA collaboration

All 9-cell cavity tests at TTF (128 different cavities)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1/31/1993 10/28/1995 7/24/1998 4/19/2001 1/14/2004 10/10/2006 7/6/2009

max

gra

dien

t MV/

m

XFEL spec



Cavity Preparation (Electrolytical Polishing)

Electro-polishing (EP) instead of the standard chemical polishing (BCP) eliminates grain boundary steps.

Gradients above 35 MV/m at Q values above 1010 were achieved in 9-cells at DESY.

The highest gradient achieved was 42 MV/m (single cell).

BCP Surface (1µm roughness)


0.5 mm




0.5 mm0.5 mm

EP Surface (0.1µm roughness)

0.5 mm



0.5 mm0.5 mm

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Cavity preparation cont’d

• Industrialization of EP ongoing: several cavities received from each of two companies, 4 cavities tested so far

EP 150 µm (inside) UHV 800°C annealing “flash” BCP 10 µm

Or: final EP ~40 µm

UHV 120°C baking 100 bar HPR (6 ×)



Cavities since Jan 2006, 1st test

9-cell cavities, EP-treated, 1st test

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

14-Dec-05 2-Jul-06 18-Jan-07 6-Aug-07 22-Feb-08 9-Sep-08

max

gra

dien

t MV/

m

final EP"flash" BCP

alc rinsing introduced

EP in industry

XFEL design

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Q0 vs gradient: best results with final ep

1.00E+09

1.00E+10

1.00E+11

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45MV/m

Qo

AC115, test 1: final EPAC116, test 1: final "Flash-BCP"AC117, test 5: final EPAC118, test 1: final "Flash-BCP"AC119, test 1: final "Flash-BCP"AC121, test 1 final "Flash-BCP"Z141, test 2: final EP

FE

FEBD ILC



Alternative fabrication – large grain Nb

Fabrication from large-grain Niobium – cut sheets directly from ingot (method pioneered at JLAB)

After initial good results with single cells, fabricated and tested three 9-cell cavities –only BCP-treated, no EP!

1,0E+09

1,0E+10

1,0E+11

0 10 20 30 40

Eacc, MV/m

Q

AC114AC112AC113

building 6 more cavities, possibly alternative fabrication/treatment procedure

Could later choose the more economic method for industrial production

XFEL

12



Using experience gained at DESY and results of industrial studies, the assembly facility for all 100 XFEL modules will be set up at the CEA-Saclay site

Cavity string & module assembly



Operation of CMTB (cryo module test bench)

• Three modules tested on CMTB FLASH

• Positive experience for later series tests:– Fast conditioning of RF-

power coupler– Hardly any additional

conditioning in FLASH linacnecessary

• Good performance of the modules design beam energy reached

in FLASH

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DE09

D3C1

4DE

09D3

C15

D3C1

8D3

C3D3

C6D3

C3D3

C21

D3C3

D3C3

AC3C

13AC

3C13

DE10

DE10

AC3C

14AC

3C14

AC3C

4AC

3C4

AC3C

8AC

3C5

CP3C

1AC

3C10

AC3C

14CP

3C9

D3C1

AC3C

9AC

3C6

D3C2

CP3C

1CP

3C5

CP3C

8CP

3C22

CP3C

6CP

3C9

CP3C

1CP

3C3

CP3C

28CP

3C24

CP3C

25CP

3C13

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

OA

B

BB

B

B

B

B

BB

B

B

B

OA

OA

B: baked @150C (all others - not baked)OA: warm part opened to air for 24hr, not baked @150C

OA

partcold

OA

Hor

izon

tal c

oupl

er t

est:

RF

pow

er-o

n tim

e [h

r]

1300μs 800 μs 400 μs 200 μs 100 μs 50 μs 20 μs

better handling (N2 cabinet and caps)

Fast coupler processing (in CHECHIA in M6,7)

DESY & LAL/Orsaycooperation



1 - AC62 2 - AC61 3 - AC65 4 - AC66 5 - AC79 6 - AC77 7 - AC63 8 - AC600

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Module 5

05 .07 .2007

E ACC [M

V/m

]

Cavity

Cavity tests: Vertical (CW) Horizontal (10Hz) CMTB (2Hz) Module 5 (2Hz)

tailored RF distribution

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New waveguide distribution ACC6

Power distribution and phase distribution for the individual cavities almost perfect

ACC6

New pre-adjusted waveguide system tested at FLASH/ACC6

Waveguide distribution ACC6

Initial phase distribution



RF system – hor. Klystron

Toshiba E3736H at test stand in August 2007 at Toshiba in Nasu, Japan

Test Results (Toshiba) (design)Peak Output Power at 117kV (MW) 10.3 (10)Efficiency (%) ~67 (65)Beam Pulse Length (ms) 1.7RF Pulse length (ms) 1.5 (1.5)Repetition Rate (pps) 10 (10)Saturation Gain (dB) 50

•Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) in Nasu successfull on August 22/23, 2007•Klystron arrived at DESY on 18th

Sept. •Site Acceptance Test (SAT) at DESY ongoing

15



Modulator prototyping – test stand at Zeuthen



Pulse cable test in FLASH

No perturbation of FLASH operation due to EMI from pulse cables

16



Tunnel mock-up completed and installations ongoing



Injector R&D - PITZ

0.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9

371 372 373 374 375 376Imain, [A]

Emitt

ance

, [m

m m

rad]

Emittance (x)Emittance (y)Emittance (x * y)

mrad mm 0.181.27εmrad mm 0.191.25ε

n y,

n x,

±=

±=@1nC

for 100 % RMS emittance !

August 2007:

mradmm 0.8ε n y, x, ≈For 95% RMS

Cut of large-amplitude tails:

XFEL design values is 0.9 mm mrad from the gun and 1.4 mm mrad in the undulators for FEL saturation at 0.1nm wavelength

Further improvement of projected emittance with laser upgrade

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Reduced dark current with new CO2 cleaned gun 4.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

max

imum

dar

k cu

rren

t (μA

)

rf power (MW)

Gun 3.1 (standard cleaned) Cs2Te #58.1 (2006-05-08)

Gun 3.2 (standard cleaned) Cs2Te #42.4 (2007-08-05)

Gun 4.2 (CO2 cleaned) Mo 2008-01-14: 60 μs Mo 2008-02-06: 400 μs Mo 2008-02-11: 700 μs

Progress on Dark Current

~43 MV/m

~60 MV/m

101

<

some effect of fabrication

error in cathode region of

gun3.2 has been conditioned



Bunch compressor & diagnostics stations

Extensive S2E studies of beam dynamics

Slice emittance at undulators < 1 mm*mrad

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S2E Simulation results

Slice emittance ≈0.7mm*mrad

(“x”=BC bend plane)Longitudinal phase space after linac

Ipk = 5 kA σE ≈ 1 MeV



-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

Δz

Δpz

Entrance ACC13.9 GHzlinearizer

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Δz

Δpz

Exit 3rd harmonic cav.

module with four nine cell cavitiesfits type 2 TESLA moduleXFEL will use three 6m modules/8

cavities (DESY & INFN coop.)

Complete cryomodule delivered by FNALInstallation after ACC1 scheduled for 2009

3rd harmonic RF-system FLASH

Will gain invaluable experience for XFEL!

19



FEL simulations SASE1 0.1nm with wakefields

Undulator gap taper by ~1μm per 5m segment (33 segments total) removes power loss due to wakefields

(Slice ε artificially increased to design value 1.4 mm*mrad)

Few μm random gap variation for individual 5m sections are tolerable



Slice emittance diagnostics (method developed @SLAC)

ee −−

σz

λ~ σz

Streak (orthogonal to BC bend plane)

TDS

OTR6

OTR5 OTR7

OTR8

VK1 VK2

ExitBC1

XFEL layout: Single bunches can be extracted from bunch train continuous monitoring of bunch slice parameters

simulation

500

fs

Example of measurement at FLASH (“LOLA”)

20



Beam position monitors (DESY-PSI-Saclay coop.)

Re-entrant cav. 4.4 GHz Cavity (μm resolution for undulator sections)Button (HERA-e concept)

Old TTF stripline

1st test, oscilloscope, no electronics yet



Timing/synchronisation diagnostics in fs-regime

Arrival time monitor installed and tested at FLASH

Timing information of electron bunch is transferred into a laser amplitude

modulation.

feedback with BAM on ACC1 amplitude:

arrival time stability improved from 250 to 40

fs (rms)

bunch number/time (μs)

21



Test of stabilized optical fiber link



Beam distribution

Different beam time structure to different experiments – concept using kicker devices permits large flexibility without having to change the (preferably homogenous) bunch train structure in the linac

linac bunch traindump switch

beamlineswitch

beam line #2

beam line #1

dump XS1

“Steering bunches”

Fast intra-train feedback system (DESY & PSI cooperation)

Layout of beam distribution & underground building includes branch to future extension with 5 more undulator beam lines

22



Schedule (as of July 2007)

Estimated delay ~ 8…9 months (tender process underground construction)

Civil construction

Linac (XTL)

Accelerator sub-systems (components)

Technical infrastructure

Operations & control

Undulator & photon beamlines (XTDs)

place orders civil constrXTL ready for installation1st beam injector1st beam linacSASE1 gain at 0.2 nmall beam lines oper.

design, prototyping fabrication (incl. installation commissioning operation & industrialization pre-series) (tech. & beam)

y2015y2011 y2012 y2013 y2014y2007 y2008 y2009 y2010



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european xfel project - · technical design report supplement october ... status of financial...

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