xfel the european xray-laser project in northernn germany the safety-concept stefan schrader april...

XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 1

XFELX-Ray Free-Electron Laser


XFELThe European XRAY-Laser

Project in Northern GermanyThe Safety-Concept

1. What is the XFEL2. XFEL – Progress of Planning3. Components4. Safety Concept




1. What is the XFEL?




Science withSynchrotron-Radiation

Accelerator as Super-Light-

Source

If particles fly around a bend, they send out

a wide spectrum of bright light:

Synchrotron-Radiation• Science at surfaces• Science with matter• Molecularbiology• Medicine • Chemistry• Geology• ...

What is the XFEL?




The way to X-RAY-Laser

For over 100 Years: X-RAYS– Penetrate matter– The wavelength fits to the

distance of the atoms

To see what the eye doesn´t see

Since then:

– Further developements of X-RAY-tubes were made

– Synchrotron-Radiation-Sources (at DESY since 1964)




What do they wish to do?

Watching of:– Single molecules (3dimensional)– Movings and chemical reactions

Idea:

Ultrashort super bright light flashes to watch fast reactions at atomic layer

Combining the qualities of X-RAY-light and laser-light

in the X-RAY-Free-Electron-Laser




The possibilities of XFEL

• atomic solution

structure of molecules

• bright light flashes

(billion times brighter than

up to now)




• short light flashes (<100 Femtoseconds)

• in fast flashings

recording of chemical reactions

• You can see how

a muscle moves or

catalytic processes work

new applications new applications in biology, pharmacy,in biology, pharmacy,

science of lifescience of life

The possibilities of XFEL




2. XFEL – Progress of Technical Planning




– ~02/2003: Ministry of Science: decision to realise XFEL as European Project

– ~10/2003: Decision for the site at Schenefeld

– ~12/2003: Establishing of a workgroup at DESY for the preparation of the PA P– 29/09/2004: The treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein gets signed– 01/01/2005: Begin of the treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein

Neighbour Village Schenefeld




Overview 2005/2006

• Technical Planning XFEL finished 10.12.2004

• Version zero of plan approval procedure (PAP) ready 15.01.2005

• Motion for plan approval procedure 15.04.2005

• Layout of documentation for the public 01.05.2005?

• End of Layout 15.06.2005?

• Date of discussion with authorities 01.10.2005?

• Resolution for PAP End 2005?

• Start of construction work Autum 2006?




3. XFEL – Components




Schenefeld

DESY

Osdorfer Born

Marked-out route XFEL

Beam

2nd Part1st Part




Components of XFEL

Schenefeld

- Total length ~3300 m (~11.000 ft.)- Depth 8 to 25 m (26 to 75 ft.)- Tunnel diameters 5.2 m and 4.5 m (~ 18 ft. and 15 ft.)- 12 shafts for both parts- 2 experimental halls 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft.)




Components of XFEL

Schenefeld

2,1 km (~ 6900 ft.) superconducting acceleratorat 2 Degrees Kelvin




DESY

1,2 km (~ 4000 ft.) XRAY-“Junctions“ with the undulators

Components of XFEL




DESY

Experimental hall with thefirst 10 measuring huts

Components of XFEL




Site of Schenefeld

Photon-beam




3. XFEL – Safety concept




The safety concept is compiled by

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfred HaackSTUVA

(Studiengesellschaft für unterirdische Verkehrsanlagen e.V.)

and

the XFEL-workgroups at DESY

The safety concept




The safety concept

Main-targets in case of emergency:

1. Guarantee of Personal Safety

2. Guarantee of Plant Safety




This has to be reached during equipment, run- and maintenance-periods by:

1. Technical measures1.1 Definition of fire- and smoke-separations1.2 Smoke extraction1.3 General safety installation1.4 Installations (cables, transformers, electronics) that

are as fireproof as possibleAND

2. Organizational measures3. Personal measures

The safety concept




The safety concept

Separate consideration of standard buildings and tunnels and shafts

Standard buildings

similar to building regulations of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein

Technical buildings

similar to Industrial Building Regulation

Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts

Which regulations to use???




Our problem: There are no standards for our XFEL-underground buildings.

Our task:

Definition of our own rules for PAP for these buildings.

The safety concept

Lets focus on buildings:

Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts:

special scientific underground buildings no standards for scientific underground buildings

we proceed similar to traffic tunnels and stations




The safety concept

If we compare traffic tunnels and stations with the XFEL, we have

• underground buildings

• a great number of people (up to several thousand)

• difficult and long escape routes

At XFEL only the number of employees in possible hazardous areas is smaller and we only have instructed and trained people.

The basic rules for traffic tunnels and stations can be adapted to shafts and tunnels.

(Length of tunnels, evacuation speed, safety measures)




The safety concept

General Safety Standards for XFEL:

Shaft buildings (XSx):

Underground building up (or better down) to 7 floors

Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft

Smoke detecting system for each building with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm

Escape routes: safety stair case, ladders in media shafts and tunnels

Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation

Safety elevator for use of fire brigade

Access control system with personal tag

Escape routes < 35 m to next safe area




The safety concept


Entry shaft XSEInjector tunnel XTIN

Injector shaft XSIN




The safety concept


1st Junction shaftXS1




tunnel at the junction shaftnear Osdorfer Born

Standort Osdorfer Born: Strahlverzweigung




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft Fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel each 600 - 700 m long escape routes! 2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel Smoke detecting system

with push buttons and evacuation alarm Smoke extraction channel Access control system with personal tag Oxygen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

Separation in the tunnel (600 – 700 m)

Separation wall with three water mist curtains to

wash out possible smoke in case of

a fire

No solid door inside the tunnel to ease transports and work




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

following definition was made:

Self rescue time(700 m => 1.5 m/s => max. 8 minutes to

reach next safe area)

Rescue by emergency service or fire brigade from 8 minutes on

1.5 m/s = walking speed

(only instructed and little number of employees, compared with passengers in stations, no handicapped persons)




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

Where is the biggest fire risk for the first 8 min? ??

Cables ?Electronic racks ?Klystrons ?Oil-transformer ?

Smoke extraction through extraction channelwith flaps each 50 m




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

Fire protection of installations

Cables are not readily combustible (FRNC)

Electronic racks are provided with a gas extinguishing system

Oil-transformers are provided with a water mist extinguishing system




The safety concept


LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

A computer fire simulation was made at STUVA and showed that the decision with max. 700 m separation and 8 minutes self rescue time is acceptable.

After the end of the self rescue time the smoke reaches the separations and sinks down.




The safety concept


Photon Tunnel (XTDs):




The safety concept


Photon Tunnel (XTDs):

Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnels and shafts No fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel, max. 600 m long escape routes! 2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel Smoke detecting system

with push buttons and evacuation alarm Smoke extraction through whole tunnel diameter! Oxigen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes Access control system with personal tag




The safety concept

• Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and hall• Smoke detecting system in the hall

with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm• 7 escape routes: 2 safety stair cases, 5 into tunnels• Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation• Safety elevator for the use of fire brigade• Access control system with personal tag• Escape routes < 35 m• Smoke extraction


Experimental Hall (XHEXPx):




The safety concept



Offices, labs, auditorium




The safety concept



12.5 m(~ 40 ft.)

Photon tunnel




The safety concept


Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft.)

Photon tunnels

Experimental huts

xfel the european xray-laser project in northernn germany the safety-concept stefan schrader april...

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