European Exploration European Exploration and the Discovery of and the Discovery of

AmericaAmerica

Unit 1, Lesson 1 Unit 1, Lesson 1

Essential IdeaEssential Idea

►Contact between the Contact between the ““OldOld”” and and ““NewNew”” Worlds led to the exchange of many Worlds led to the exchange of many things but ultimately led to conflicts. things but ultimately led to conflicts.

The The ““New WorldNew World””► Where? Where? ► The The ““NewNew”” World, which was the Americas World, which was the Americas ► Migration: Migration: ► The first people in America likely migrated over from Asia over a land The first people in America likely migrated over from Asia over a land

bridge during the last Ice Age bridge during the last Ice Age ► People Arrive in the Americas People Arrive in the Americas

Mesoamerica Mesoamerica ► Location:Location:► Mesoamerica, which is Mesoamerica, which is

present day Mexico present day Mexico and Central America and Central America

► Climate: Climate: ► The climate was warm The climate was warm

and stableand stable► Agricultural Agricultural

revolution: revolution: ► Time period when Time period when

early Americans early Americans learned to grow crops learned to grow crops because of the good because of the good climate climate

Cultures of the New WorldCultures of the New World► Culture: Culture: ► Centralized Centralized

because of because of agriculture, agriculture, especially especially maize/corn, maize/corn, allowing people allowing people to stay in one to stay in one placeplace

► Benefits:Benefits:► Civilizations Civilizations

were able to were able to grow into grow into complex complex societies with societies with high populations high populations

► Problems:Problems:► Much easier to Much easier to

conquerconquer

Cultures in Cultures in Mesoamerica Mesoamerica ► Mayans:Mayans:► Developed complex architecture, Developed complex architecture,

mathematics, and calendarsmathematics, and calendars► Aztecs:Aztecs:► Built sophisticated, highly populated Built sophisticated, highly populated

citiescities

Cultures of the New World Cultures of the New World ► Location: Location: ► Present day United StatesPresent day United States► Climate: Climate: ► Not as dependable as Not as dependable as

MesoamericaMesoamerica► Food Source: Agriculture in Food Source: Agriculture in

stable climates, animal stable climates, animal herds in less stable areasherds in less stable areas

► Culture:Culture:► Nomadic because these Nomadic because these

people tended to move from people tended to move from place to place following place to place following food sources (animals) food sources (animals)

► Why follow animals? Why follow animals? ► Less stable weather limited Less stable weather limited

effects of agricultural effects of agricultural revolutionrevolution

► Benefits:Benefits:► Spread out and difficult to Spread out and difficult to

conquer (United States conquer (United States government will struggle government will struggle with Indians for decades)with Indians for decades)

► Problems: Problems: ► Could not develop into Could not develop into

advanced civilizationsadvanced civilizations

Cultures in Cultures in Present-Day Present-Day

Western United Western United StatesStates

►Anasazi and Anasazi and Cahokia:Cahokia:

►These groups These groups built complex built complex civilizations but civilizations but likely fell apart likely fell apart due to drought due to drought (unstable (unstable climate)climate)

Cultures in Present-Day Eastern Cultures in Present-Day Eastern United StatesUnited States

► Cherokee:Cherokee:► Lived in more stable region of United States (the Southeast) Lived in more stable region of United States (the Southeast)

and managed to grow maize, beans, and squashand managed to grow maize, beans, and squash

Iroquois Confederacy Iroquois Confederacy

► Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy: Confederacy:

► Northeastern tribes Northeastern tribes formed this formed this government, loosely government, loosely joining their tribes joining their tribes togethertogether

► Confederacy: Confederacy: ► Union of small Union of small

governments with governments with a WEAK central a WEAK central government government

The The ““Old WorldOld World””► Where? The Where? The ““Old World,Old World,”” which was the Eastern Hemisphere (Europe, Africa, Asia) which was the Eastern Hemisphere (Europe, Africa, Asia)► Reasons to start exploring-Reasons to start exploring-► The Catholic Crusades exposed Europeans to products in Asia such as silk and spices The Catholic Crusades exposed Europeans to products in Asia such as silk and spices ► The The ““Great Silk RoadGreat Silk Road”” became the major trade route that connected Europe and Asia became the major trade route that connected Europe and Asia► This route was dangerous, slow, and expensive to useThis route was dangerous, slow, and expensive to use► European countries started looking for other routes, over water, to access AsiaEuropean countries started looking for other routes, over water, to access Asia

European Exploration: European Exploration: PortugalPortugal

► Portugal: Portugal: ► Route- Went Route- Went

around Africa to around Africa to access Asiaaccess Asia

► Prince Henry the Prince Henry the Navigator Navigator established a established a school dedicated school dedicated to explorationto exploration

► Portugal developed Portugal developed the caravel, a boat the caravel, a boat able to travel able to travel AfricaAfrica’’s rough s rough coast coast

► While exploring While exploring Africa, Portugal Africa, Portugal was exposed to was exposed to African slavery and African slavery and started trading for started trading for slavesslaves

European Exploration: SpainEuropean Exploration: Spain► Spain: Spain: ► Route- Went west across the Atlantic OceanRoute- Went west across the Atlantic Ocean► Spain commissioned Christopher Columbus to look for a western routeSpain commissioned Christopher Columbus to look for a western route► On October 12, 1492, Columbus On October 12, 1492, Columbus ““discovereddiscovered”” (disputed!) the (disputed!) the ““New WorldNew World””

when he landed on islands in the Caribbean Sea, later called the West Indieswhen he landed on islands in the Caribbean Sea, later called the West Indies► European Exploration European Exploration

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange► Columbian Exchange- the transfer of goods, crops, diseases, etc. between the Columbian Exchange- the transfer of goods, crops, diseases, etc. between the ““oldold”” and and

““newnew”” worlds after 1492 worlds after 1492► The The ““New WorldNew World”” brought: gold, silver, corn, tobacco, and other vegetables brought: gold, silver, corn, tobacco, and other vegetables► The The ““Old WorldOld World”” brought: sugar, rice, horses, cows, and DISEASE, and SLAVES brought: sugar, rice, horses, cows, and DISEASE, and SLAVES► Future implications: Future implications: ► 1. Disease would wipe out Indian populations and make conquering them easier in the 1. Disease would wipe out Indian populations and make conquering them easier in the

futurefuture► 2. Slavery went on to become vital to much of the economy of the United States, and also 2. Slavery went on to become vital to much of the economy of the United States, and also

became very controversialbecame very controversial

Spain vs. Portugal?Spain vs. Portugal?► Issue: Spain and Issue: Spain and

Portugal were Portugal were exploring and exploring and claiming new landsclaiming new lands

► Why an issue? Why an issue? ► Both were Both were

Catholic, and the Catholic, and the Pope did not want Pope did not want two Catholic two Catholic countries fightingcountries fighting

► Solution:Solution:► Treaty of Treaty of

Tordesillas- Pope Tordesillas- Pope set a set a ““line of line of demarcationdemarcation”” to to divide Spaindivide Spain’’s and s and PortugalPortugal’’s landss lands

► Consequence: Consequence: ► SpainSpain was the first was the first

country to explore country to explore what is now the what is now the United States United States