Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – 1492-1700•Small and large settlements were created in the Americas – Ex: League of the Iroquois•Cultures were vastly different from one another.•Exploration-

Gold, Glory, and GodAdvanced technologyIncreased education – RenaissanceReligious conflict – Catholic vs. Islam, Protestant ReformationEconomics –

TradeNew trade routesRaw materialsNation-States = Power

Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – 1492-1700•Treaty of Tordesillas – Spain gains land to the West – Portugal gains land to the East•Spain – Florida, Mexico, Texas, California•English, French and the Dutch settled primarily in North America

Privateers, Northwest Passage, Overcrowding (Headright System), New Markets (Columbian Exchange, Triangular Trade, Transatlantic Slave Trade)

•Native Americans were treated differently by all groups – Ex: Encomienda System

Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – 1492-1700English Settlements – Limited Government•Roanoke – Sir Walter Raleigh – Failed•Jamestown – Royal Colony – Legislative body known as the House of Burgesses•Plymouth – Puritans (ordered society) – Mayflower Compact, Self Government, Established powers and duties of government•Massachusetts Bay Colony – Religious Freedom, “Great Migration”, Representative Government but limited•Connecticut – Fundamental Orders, Popular vote•Maryland – Acts of Toleration – Religious Freedom with restrictions

Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – 1492-1700Types of Colonies – •Royal•Corporate – Joint Stock•Proprietary – Charters

Reasons for Failure – •War/Attacks•Famine•Disease•Laziness

The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire – 1607 – 1750•Thirteen very unique colonies developed all with some form of limited government (elections, assembles, taxes)•Divided into three distinct zones – the New England, the Middle, and the Southern Colonies•Virginia –

TobaccoBacon’s Rebellion –

Led by Nathaniel BaconSettlers push west to gain land – Raided Indian villagesCalled a rebel by Sir William Berkeley – Turned army around and attacked

Impact – oClass differencesoColonial resistance to royal control

The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire – 1607 – 1750Labor Shortages – •Indentured Servants•Headright System•Slavery

Native American Resistance – •Pequot War•King Philip’s (Metacom) War•Formation of the New England Confederation – Collective Security

•Mercantilism is an economic theory that states a nation becomes stronger by keeping strict control over its trade.•It also states that a nation should have more exports than imports.

•Mercantilism is a system of trade where colonies sold raw materials to England who used those resources to produce manufactured goods that were sold to colonies.

TIMBER

FISH

IRON

INDIGO

RICE COTTON

RESOURCES

RESOURCES

MANUFACTURED GOODS

Who Benefits from Mercantilism?

• For every $4 of timber the colonists sold to England, England manufactures were able to make a table that sold for $24. Under mercantilism, colonist had to buy their furniture from England because England always wanted to maintain a favorable balance of trade.

2 £ ( British Pounds) = $4

12 £ ( British Pounds) = $24

Characteristics of Mercantilism

England English Colonies

Colonist were not permitted to make most of the finished products made in England X

Products such as tobacco and wood could only be sold to England or its colonies. X

Colonists could only use English ships to trade their goods. X

Colonial ships were protected by the English navy X

Colonist had to buy molasses from English colonies in the West Indies X

Colonist were assured a ready market for their goods X

Goods traded between Europe and America had to pass through England to be taxed

X

Policies used to control the coloniesNavigation Acts – •Trade by English or colonial-built ships only•Imported goods must pass through English ports•Enumerated good (Tobacco) traded only to England.Positive Results & Negative Results – •Growth in shipbuilding (+)•Military protection (+)•Economic prosperity (+)•Limited trade (-)•Low prices for crops - High prices for goods (-)Dominion of New England – •Attempt by James II to increase royal control•Combine colonies into units under Gov. Edmund Andros•Disband colonial assemblies•Levy taxes•Widely unpopular so William and Mary disbanded it.

Salutary Neglect•Long tradition of strong local control and weak central power.•Lacked resources to enforce policies.•Existing economy & politics already served English interests.•Colonies were able to develop unique identities: Slave trade – Slave Laws Immigration Self-Government – Local Government – Politics – Press

(Zenger Case) Religious Toleration Diverse economies – Job Specialization – Money – Social

Mobility Transportation Art/Education