eng 102sc toulmin

8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin

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ENG 102 9AM

Ramage Chapter 4: The Logical Structure of Arguments


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REAL WORLD LOGIC Dont use the word prov because Real-worldarguments seldom prov anything

The best that can be hoped for is to strengthen theresolve of those in agreement or weaken theopposition

Must be grounded in beliefs, assumptions, orvalues granted by the audience Are often unstated If these underlying assumptions arent shared the

writer has a problem


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ENTHYMEME: THE CORE OF AN ARGUMENT An incomplete logical structure Its persuasiveness depends on an underlying

assumption or belief that the audience mustaccept

If audience is unwilling to supply the missingpremise, then the argument fails

Successful arguments depend both on whatarguer says and on what audience already hasin mind


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THE POWER OF THE AUDIENCEWhat seems like a good reason to you may notbe a good reason to others Audience-based reasons means finding

arguments that are rooted in your audiencesbeliefs and values


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TOULMIN SYSTEM THIS BASIC CONCEPTION OFARGUMENT INCLUDES SEVERAL ELEMENTS: A claim Based on some sort of evidence A warrant (common sense rules that people

generally accept as true) that explains how theevidence supports the claim Backing supporting the warrants Qualifications and rebuttals that refutecompeting claims


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TOULMIN ARGUMENT Issue: What car should we buy? Enthymeme 1: We should buy this Hybrid car

because it is economical. Enthymeme 2: We should buy this used Volvobecause it is very safe. Enthymeme 3: We should buy this Mustang

because it is red. Does one of these arguments seem a little odd

or off-base?


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TOULMIN ARGUMENT Assumption for enthymeme 1: We should buythe car that is most economical (Economy is

the major criterion we should use in selecting acar)

Assumption for enthymeme 2: We should buythe car that is most safe (Safety is the majorcriterion we should use in selecting a car)

Assumption for enthymeme 3: We should buya car that is red (The color red is the majorcriterion we should use in selecting a car)


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CREATING A TOULMIN ARGUMENT

Think of an issue question Create three enthymemes or solutions to the

problem


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CREATING A TOULMIN ARGUMENT

Choose one of your enthymemes (solutions) Stated Reason (Why is this the best choice?): Grounds (What evidence would you look for?): Warrant (How does evidence support claim?

[Written as a common sense rule that peopleaccept as true]): Backing (write a specific benefit of online educationaimed at a specific audience): Conditions of Rebuttal (state opposite of claim andgive a specific example): Qualifier (Either still fully supports the claim OR notsure anymore):


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TOULMIN ARGUMENTSee example on Weebly


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FOR FRI Y Annotated Bibliography in APA 1 source

Include example of APA in-text citation with anattributive tag

Include example of APA in-text citation without anattributive tag Proposal brainstorm Rogerian dialogue Toulmin structure

eng 102sc toulmin

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