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The American Psychological Association

(APA) provides a method for sourcedocumentation that is used in most socialsciences courses. The social sciences placeemphasis on the date a work was created, somost APA citation involves recording the date

of a particular work in the physical text. Thedate is usually placed immediately after theauthors name in the References page atthe end of an essay.

Essays following the APA style of formattingtypically include a title page, abstract, mainbody, and references.

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APA uses a title page. The title page contains the

title of the paper, the authors name, and theinstitutional affiliation. On the title page, theessays title should be centered in the upper halfof the page. The title should be no more than 12words in length and should not contain

abbreviations. The title may take up one or twolines. Beneath the title, type the authors name:first name, middle initial, and last name. Beneaththe authors name, type the institutional affiliation,which should indicate the location where the

author conducted the research.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdf
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdfhttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdfhttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdfhttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdfhttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdf

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The page header at the top of every page

contains the TITLE OF YOUR PAPER on theleft hand side in all capital letters. Thispage header is usually a shortened version

of the essays title and cannot exceed 50characters including spacing andpunctuation.

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The last page is titled References not

Works Cited. It is centered at the top ofthe page. Do not bold, underline, or usequotation marks.

Only the first word of a title is capitalized.Also capitalize the first word after a dash orcolon. Do not italicize, underline, or putquotes around the titles of shorter works

such as journal articles or essays in editedcollections.

Books: author name, publication year,work title, publication city, and publisher

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Create a References

Essay is 9 pages in length

Title of essay is Zombie Apocalypse Groups

4 Sources will carousel around room

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APA adds to MLA style by including an author

name(s), page number(s), and date. The date isgenerally provided parenthetically whenever theauthors name is given while page numbersalways appear at the end of the sentence. Thedate is important in social science because it

helps demonstrate the relevance (newness) ofthe work being cited.

Example (Author named in a signal phrase):Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper (1961) refers tothis phenomenon as a cumulative collaboration

of evidence (p. 49). Example (Author not named in a signal phrase):

This phenomenon is best referred to as acumulative collaboration of evidence (Pepper,1961, p. 49).

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Example (unknown page number): This

phenomenon is best referred to as acumulative collaboration of evidence:(Pepper, Evidence and Corroboration

section, para. 22). However, if only referring to an idea but not

directly quoting the material, only makereference to the author and year ofpublication and not the page number inthe in-text citation.

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1. The student is quoting from page 26 of an

article by Peter Greasley published in 2000.

a. Greasley (2000) pointed out that clients whoseek out mediums are so inclined to find the

sessions impressive that few can blamethem for leaving the consultation expressingunequivocal satisfaction. (p. 26).

b. Greasley (2000) pointed out that clients who

seek out mediums are so inclined to find thesessions impressive that few can blamethem for leaving the consultation expressingunequivocal satisfaction (p. 26).

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article by Peter Greasley published in 2000.

b. Greasley (2000) pointed out that clientswho seek out mediums are so inclined to find

the sessions impressive that few can blamethem for leaving the consultation expressingunequivocal satisfaction (p. 26).

In APA style, the period comes after theparenthetical citation.

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2. The student is summarizing information from

page 176 of a 1980 book with two authors,Marks and Kammann.

a. The psychological phenomenon known asselective exposureoccurs when people

choose source material and authorities thatreflect what they already believe (Marks &Kammann, 1980, p. 176).

b. The psychological phenomenon known as

selective exposureoccurs when peoplechoose source material and authorities thatreflect what they already believe (Marks andKammann, 1980, p. 176).

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2. The student is summarizing information

from page 176 of a 1980 book with twoauthors, Marks and Kammann.

a. The psychological phenomenon known as

selective exposureoccurs when peoplechoose source material and authoritiesthat reflect what they already believe(Marks & Kammann, 1980, p. 176).

In an APA parenthetical citation for a workwith two authors, an ampersand (&) is

placed between the authors names.

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article published in 2000 by Paul Kurtz.a. Kurtz has observed that science has been

investigating our ability to communicate withthe dad for at least 150 years and it has

attempted to discover empirical evidence insupport of the claim (2000, p. 29).

b. Kurtz (2000) has observed that science hasbeen investigating our ability to

communicate with the dad for at least 150years and it has attempted to discoverempirical evidence in support of the claim(p. 29).

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article published in 2000 by Paul Kurtz.

b. Kurtz (2000) has observed that sciencehas been investigating our ability to

communicate with the dad for at least 150years and it has attempted to discoverempirical evidence in support of the claim(p. 29).

In APA style, when the authors name is givenin a signal phrase, the name is followed bythe date in parentheses.

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4. The student is summarizing information from a

2001 article by Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S.Russek, Lonnie A. Nelson, and ChristopherBarnetsen. This is the first citation of the sourcein the paper.

a. Schwartz et al. (2001) insisted that the studyhad eliminated fraud and coincidence aspossible explanations for the success of themediums tested.

b. Schwartz, Russek, Nelson, and Barentsen

(2001) insisted that the study had eliminatedfraud and coincidence as possibleexplanations for the success of the mediumstested.

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4. The student is summarizing information from a

2001 article by Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S.Russek, Lonnie A. Nelson, and ChristopherBarnetsen. This is the first citation of the sourcein the paper.

b. Schwartz, Russek, Nelson, and Barentsen(2001) insisted that the study had eliminatedfraud and coincidence as possible explanationsfor the success of the mediums tested.In APA style for a work with three to five authors,

the signal phrase includes all the authors lastnames the first time the source is cited. Forsubsequent citations of the source, et al. isused after the first authors name.

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5. The student is quoting from page 27 of an article

by two authors, Wiseman and OKeeffe, that waspublished in 2001.

a. According to Wiseman and OKeeffe (2001) TheSchwartz et al. studies suffered from severemethodological problems, namely: (1) the

potential for judging bias, (2) the use of aninappropriate control group, and (3) inadequatesafeguards against sensory leakage (p. 27).

b. According to Wiseman & OKeeffe (2001) TheSchwartz et al. studies suffered from severe

methodological problems, namely: (1) thepotential for judging bias, (2) the use of aninappropriate control group, and (3) inadequatesafeguards against sensory leakage (p. 27).

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article by two authors, Wiseman and OKeeffe,that was published in 2001.

a. According to Wiseman and OKeeffe (2001)The Schwartz et al. studies suffered from

severe methodological problems, namely: (1)the potential for judging bias, (2) the use ofan inappropriate control group, and (3)inadequate safeguards against sensory

leakage (p. 27).In APA style, the word and joins two authors

names in a signal phrase; the ampersand (&)is used in a parenthetical citation.

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6. The student is quoting from page 52 of a 2001 article,Talking to the Dead, by Leon Jaroff. The list ofreferences contains another article, The Man WhoLoves to Bust Quacks, also written by Jaroff and alsopublished in 2001.

a. Jaroff (2001b) claimed that the medium used asophisticated form of the game Twenty Questions,

during which the subject, anxious to hear from thedead, seldom realizes that he, not the medium or thedeparted, is supplying the answers (p. 52).

b. Jaroff (2001) claimed that the medium used asophisticated form of the game Twenty Questions,during which the subject, anxious to hear from thedead, seldom realizes that he, not the medium or thedeparted, is supplying the answers (Talking to theDead, p. 52).

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6. The student is quoting from page 52 of a 2001 article,Talking to the Dead, by Leon Jaroff. The list ofreferences contains another article, The Man WhoLoves to Bust Quacks, also written by Jaroff and alsopublished in 2001.

a. Jaroff (2001b) claimed that the medium used asophisticated form of the game Twenty Questions,

during which the subject, anxious to hear from thedead, seldom realizes that he, not the medium or thedeparted, is supplying the answers (p. 52).

In APA style, two or more works by the same author in thesame year are listed alphabetically by the first word ofthe title (other than A, An, or The) in the list of

references. A lowercase letter is added to the year, witha for the first and b for the second reference by theauthor in that year. The lowercase letter is also usedwith the year in the in-text citation.

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7. The student is quoting from paragraph 1 of a 1998

online article by Travis Dacolias. The article hasnumbered paragraphs but no page numbers.

a. Dacolias (1998) noted, Cold reading is atechnique used by tarot card readers, psychics,palm readers, astrologers, and even con men to

get people to believe that the cold reader knowsall about them, even though they have nevermet (para. 1).

b. Dacolias (1998) noted, Cold reading is atechnique used by tarot card readers, psychics,

palm readers, astrologers, and even con men toget people to believe that the cold reader knowsall about them, even though they have nevermet.

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7. The student is quoting from paragraph 1 of a

1998 online article by Travis Dacolias. Thearticle has numbered paragraphs but nopage numbers.

a. Dacolias (1998) noted, Cold reading is atechnique used by tarot card readers,psychics, palm readers, astrologers, andeven con men to get people to believe thatthe cold reader knows all about them, eventhough they have never met (para. 1).

In APA style, when an electronic source hasnumbered paragraphs but not pagenumbers, the parenthetical citation includesthe abbreviation para. and the paragraphnumber.

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7. The student is quoting from paragraph 1 of a

1998 online article by Travis Dacolias. Thearticle has numbered paragraphs but nopage numbers.

a. Dacolias (1998) noted, Cold reading is atechnique used by tarot card readers,psychics, palm readers, astrologers, andeven con men to get people to believe thatthe cold reader knows all about them, eventhough they have never met (para. 1).

In APA style, when an electronic source hasnumbered paragraphs but not pagenumbers, the parenthetical citation includesthe abbreviation para. and the paragraphnumber.

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8. The student is summarizing information from

an undated online article by Ray Hyman. Thearticle has no paragraph or page numbers.

a. Hyman pointed out that no medium has evermanaged to demonstrate psychic abilities

under controlled laboratory conditions, eventhough large cash prizes have been offeredto anyone who succeeds.

b. Hyman (n.d.) pointed out that no medium has

ever managed to demonstrate psychicabilities under controlled laboratoryconditions, even though large cash prizeshave been offered to anyone who succeeds.

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8. The student is summarizing information

from an undated online article by RayHyman. The article has no paragraph orpage numbers.

b. Hyman (n.d.) pointed out that no mediumhas ever managed to demonstrate psychicabilities under controlled laboratoryconditions, even though large cash prizeshave been offered to anyone who succeeds.

For a source without a date, the abbreviationn.d. is used in the parenthetical citation.

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9. The student is quoting from page 12 of a 2000 report by theNational Science Board. No individual author is given. The

entry in the list of references begins like this: National ScienceBoard.

a. The National Science Board (2000) cautioned that believersin paranormal phenomena are dangerously distanced fromreality: Their beliefs may indicate an absence of criticalthinking skills necessary not only for informed decision

making in the voting booth and other civic venues (forexample, jury duty), but also for making wise choicesneeded for everyday living (p. 12).

b. The National Science Board cautioned that believers inparanormal phenomena are dangerously distanced fromreality: Their beliefs may indicate an absence of critical

thinking skills necessary not only for informed decisionmaking in the voting booth and other civic venues (forexample, jury duty), but also for making wise choicesneeded for everyday living (Anonymous, 2000, p. 12).

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9. The student is quoting from page 12 of a 2000 report bythe National Science Board. No individual author isgiven. The entry in the list of references begins like this:National Science Board.

a. The National Science Board (2000) cautioned thatbelievers in paranormal phenomena are dangerouslydistanced from reality: Their beliefs may indicate an

absence of critical thinking skills necessary not only forinformed decision making in the voting booth and othercivic venues (for example, jury duty), but also formaking wise choices needed for everyday living (p.12).

The National Science Board is listed as the author in thereference list, so it appears with the date in the signalphrase. Anonymous is not used in this case.

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10. The student is summarizing information that

begins on page 29 and continues on page 30 in a2000 article by Paul Kurtz. The student provides apage reference for this summary because thearticle is long.

a. Kurtz (2000) argued that mediums claiming to

communicate with the dead were aided at theend of the twentieth century by mass mediaexposure and a credulous American public (pp.29-30).

b. Kurtz (2000) argued that mediums claiming to

communicate with the dead were aided at theend of the twentieth century by mass mediaexposure and a credulous American public (pp.29+).

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10. The student is summarizing information that

begins on page 29 and continues on page 30in a 2000 article by Paul Kurtz. The studentprovides a page reference for this summarybecause the article is long.

a. Kurtz (2000) argued that mediums claiming tocommunicate with the dead were aided atthe end of the twentieth century by massmedia exposure and a credulous American

public (pp. 29-30).When information is taken from more than one

consecutive page in the source, the range ofpages is given.

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Your essay is 9 pages in length. Create a complete APA References pageusing sources listed on Weebly (same ones used for the MLA Works Citedpage)

interview in person with Robert Akins, November 19, 2010

Website article by Dr. Joshua Smith entitled The Many Uses of Pencils. It waspublished March 22, 2010 and viewed August 3, 2012. The URL iswww.articlesonline.smith/pencils.html

Pens vs. Pencils written by Henry Goldman and Elizabeth Howard. Publishedby Gold House in Philadelphia in 1989.

The Beauty of Mechanical Pencils by Alexander Morrow, published byWesting Forge in Denver, CO in 2011.

Short video called The Ink of Mystery, directed by Bernard Howard andstarring Kurt Sherman, distributed by Public Video in November 2009.

Encyclopedia of Style article, Writing Utensils, by John Gruber, published in2008, 5thedition
http://www.articlesonline.smith/pencils.htmlhttp://www.articlesonline.smith/pencils.htmlhttp://www.articlesonline.smith/pencils.html

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Bring sources for synthesis essay

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