energy-savings basics for the maritime industry - hull & superstructure optimization

8/13/2019 Energy-Savings Basics For The Maritime Industry - Hull & Superstructure Optimization

1/55

Dr.GeorgeGougoulidis


2/55

Typeofresistance %ofRTHigh speed Low

speedFriction 45 90

Wavemaking 40 5

Eddy

5 3Air 10 2


3/55

Fluid

Dynamics

Aerodynamics Superstructure

Hydrodynamics Hull/Propulsion

components


4/55

General

Optimizedimensions

Reduceweight

Minimizeballast

Forepart

Optimizedbowbulb

Nobulb

Wavepiercingbow

Flare

Aft

part Sternendbulb

Skeg

Ducktail/sternflap/

interceptors

Allowforlargepropeller


5/55


6/55

Optimize

main

dimensions

lines Lowwavemakingresistance highL/Bratio

Lowfrictionminimumwettedsurface,B/T

ratio~2.25

for

Cb=0.80

Maximizelengthtoreduceresistance

Optimizeskeg todirecttheflowevenlytothe

propeller Shaftlinesshouldbestreamlined


7/55

Flow

disturbance

from

hull

openings

(bow

thrusters,seachests)shouldbeminimized

Reduceweight,uselightweightmaterials

Increasedeadweight

scale

effect

Reduceballast

UseCFD,modeltesting,seatrialstoverify

design


8/55

SEAHORSE35 VECTIS HARRIERSUPER

GREENSHIP CROSSBOW


9/55

B.DELTA DELTAMARIN OSHIMA ECOSHIP2020


10/55

DNVTRIALITY VLCC SINOPACIFIC CROWN63

HYUNDAIMIPODOCKYARD

ECO40

SHALLOWMAX


11/55

TheEnvironship,ofNVC

401LNG

design,

is

the

Eidsvaag Pioner RollsRoyceBergenB

Seriesleanburngasengines

RollsRoycePromaspropulsion

Optimized

bow

and

hullform shape Verticalbow maintain

speedeveninroughseas


12/55

Thedevelopmentofthe

obliqueicebreaker

conceptbeganin1997,byKvrner MasaYardsArcticTechnologyCentre(MARC)

Modeltestsshowedthattheresistanceofalarge

cargo

ship

was

considerablyreducedwhenoperatingbehindtheobliqueicebreaker


13/55


14/55

Patented

in

Germany

by

Nonnecke Aimedatreducingseparationinthe

afterbody ofavesselwhentheflowis

influencedby

the

action

of

the

propeller


15/55

By

using

alternative

materials Byreducingballast

Byoptimizingdesign


16/55

Material Density (kg/m3) Yieldstrength(Mpa)

Steel 7850 235390

Aluminum 5083 2650 215

Aluminum 5383 2660 220

Aluminum

5059 (Alustar) 2640 270Titanium6Al4V(Grade5) 4430 880


17/55

215

305

10

220

305

10

270

370

10

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ELONG

ATION

(%)

STREN

GTH

(MPa)

AA5083 AA5383 ALUSTAR

Elongation

Elongation

Elongation

YS

UTS

UTS

UTS

YS

YS

Thickness Range 2-20mm

31KSI

44KSI 32

KSI

44KSI

39KSI

53KSI


18/55


19/55

SEAGIANT

L

=

458.5

M

EMMAMRSK

L

=

398

M


20/55

Benchijigua ExpressL=124mAluminum

VisbyClassL=73m

CFRPsandwich

SierraI&IIclassMaxSafedepth=700mCrushdepth=915m

L=111mTitanium


21/55


22/55

Metal

Matrix

Composites

(MMC) MetalMatrixNanoComposites(MMNC)


23/55

Compositematerialswithmicronscalereinforcements

Abletotailormaterialpropertiessuchasyield&tensilestrength,hardness,ductility,

density,thermal

and

electrical

conductivity,

wearresistance Proventechnology Used

successfully

in

the

automotive

and

aerospaceindustries,insmallenginesandelectronics


24/55

Nanocomposites overcomethelimitationsfor

metalsor

composites

that

contain

micron

scale

reinforcements Theyexhibitultrahighstrength,theyarelighter,

stiffer,lessbrittle Incorporation

of

1%

volume

of

nanosize

ceramicsinAlandMgmatrices,increasesthestrengthdramaticallycomparedtomuchhigher

levels

of

micron

sized

additions Al+2%weightincreaseMWCNTimproveAlproperties


25/55

Veryhighcost

Difficulttomanufacturelargecomplexparts Poorductility

Dueto

the

processing

methods

used

that

result

in

theformationofvoidsanddefects

Inabilityofnanostructuredgrainstosustainahigh

rateof

strain

hardening


26/55


27/55

AlB4

C Al

Al2O3

AlDiamond AlCNT Cu

CNT

MgSiC TiSiC Al

SiC

ZnSiC MgY2O3


28/55

Material Form Price ineuros

Aluminumoxide

Al2O3 Nanopowder 76.20

/50

g

Carbonnanofibers Graphitized(ironfree),conicalplatelets

126/25g

Carbonnanofibers Graphitizedconical

platelets

112/25g

Carbonnanofibers Pyrolitically strippedconicalplatelets

85.90/25g

Carbonnanotube,multiwalled 505/100g

Carbonnanotube,

single

walled 277.50

/250

g

Graphite Nanofibers 426/10g

Graphite Plateletnanofibers 137.50/1g

SiliconCarbideSiC Nanopowder 1275/250g

SigmaAldrichproducts PricesasofDec13


29/55


30/55


31/55


32/55

DevelopedbyUniversityofMichigan

Itallowswatertoflowinto"trunks"insidetheship'shull,andthentopassoutthrough

outlets

at

the

stern Itworksbyreducingthebuoyancyinsteadof

increasingthedisplacementweight


33/55


34/55

ThefirstNOBSarebeingbuiltatNingboEastShipyard,China

26,500

DWT

and

24,500

DWT

NOBS

BunkerTankers DesignedbyXEDafter3yearsofresearch


35/55


36/55


37/55

Bow bulbs are common practice in ship design, both for

commercial and naval ships The maturing of the bulbous bow theory and design has

resulted in several bulbous bow designs which reduce

resistance by 10% or more


38/55

Reduction of wave making resistance (through the reduction

of bow pressure wave, due to the interaction with thepressure field created by the bulb)

Promoting of uniformity of the flow velocity around the hull

(which means reduction of the drag due to turbulent flow and

eddy-making resistance) Reduction of wave breaking resistance at the bow

Reduction of pitching motion

Increase in frictional resistance


39/55

Mostshipshavebeendesignedandoptimizedfor

acertain

design

speed

and

draft

However,theyoperateinoffdesignconditionssuchasslowsteaming

Redesignand

modify

the

bulbous

bow

of

aship

Savingspotentialupto10%,withgreatest

reductionsforshipswithahighFroudenumberi.e.

containerships

Worthonvesselsover15mlong


40/55

RetrofitBow

Bulb

on

aUSN

DDG

51 model

Anearsurface,smallvolume,hydrodynamicbowbulb,for

useon

USN

Combatants

DevelopedbyNSWCCarderock Division

Integratedintotheexisting

combatant

bow,

which

houses

asonardome Nabla shaped(invertedtear

drop) DDG51RetrofitBowBulb

calculationsindicated

afuel

reductionof2.4%


41/55

ASternFlapisanextensionofthehullbottom

surfaceaft

of

the

transom

Sternflapsmodifythepressurefieldunderthehullafterbody,causingtheflowtoslowdown

Decreasedflow

velocity

increase

in

pressure

reducedresistanceduetoreducedafterbody

suctionforce

Waveheights

in

the

near

field

stern

wave

system

andfarfieldwaveenergyarereduced


42/55

Additionalsecondaryeffectsduetolengthening

ofthe

hull,

and

to

improved

propeller

performance

Reducedpropulsivepower,propellerloading,cavitation,

vibration,

noise

Matureandproventechnologytestedsince1989

173sternflapsinstalledonUSNavyandCoastGuard

ships

Cumulatedfuelsavings$665million19892011


43/55

USSKEARSARGELHD3 USSWHIDBEYISLANDLSD41


44/55

USSPORTROYALCG73 USS ARTHUR W.RADFORDDD968


45/55


46/55


47/55


48/55

Interceptorsgeneratean

increasein

pressure

on

the

hullbottomdirectlyahead

ofthetransomby

intercepting

the

water

flow.

Thegeneratedliftcanbe

usedtoalterthelongitudinaltrimofthe

vessel,allowing

it

to

be

optimizedforthespeedandtheseaconditions


49/55


50/55

Promising - under research innovation (USN)

especially for ships not able to bear a stern

flap (i.e. little transom immersion)

Unlike the bow bulb, SEB has been used only

on a few ships In one full scale application, resistance

reduction of 5-7 % was claimed

It also improves the course keeping ability

50


51/55


52/55

SEBonUSNTAKE drycargoship


53/55

DDG51PhaseISternendbulbwithsternflapinstalledonmodel


54/55


55/55

SemiSpherical

Shape

(SSS)

bow

Reductioninwindresistance=50%

NissanPCTC

energy-savings basics for the maritime industry - hull & superstructure optimization

Documents