enel- oxy-coal combustion experiences on a 3 mw … 5_b/enel- oxy-coal... · oxy-coal combustion e...

Oxy-coal combustion eOxy coal combustion etest rig Facility

Danila Cumbo, Nicola Rossi, Giancarlo BeneEnel - Engineering and Innovation Division

1 st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference Cottbus, September 8-11, 2009

experiences on a 3 MW experiences on a 3 MW

elli, Marco Gazzino, Enrico Tosi

Enel's interest in Oxy-comEnel s interest in Oxy com

GREEN FIELD USC BoRe

Innovative

APPLICATIONAsh separa

se

Innovative technology

ExperimentDeSO

RETROFIT

3 MW RETR

Atmospheric Oxycombustion

with RFG

RETROFIT

OPTION

1° Oxyfuel Combustion Conference

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mbustionmbustion

48 MWt DEMO PROJECT ,Brindisi Sud

oilereactor

Oxygen Storage

Handling coal-water slurry

Innovative high efficiency

Oxycombustion technology

ationction

Control RootalOx

ROFITTED FACILITY :EXTENSIVE EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIE

e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 2

ContentsContents

OXYFUEL BURNER

USEDTEST RIG FACILITYFOSPER


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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS

EXPERIMENTALTEST


OxyFuel Test Rig Facility FOxyFuel Test Rig Facility F

Pink lines indicate components and

Bluethe t


ppiping added stor

the

Use: Public

Fo.SperFo.Sper

Multifuel refractory lined furnace ( Formerly IFRF FURNACE N° 1)

Convective water-cooled section

Ljungstrom air-preheater

Fabric Filter

stack

e lines indicate new Oxygen

t k d


rage tank and O2 pipeline

ContentsContents

OXYFUEL BURNER



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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS

EXPERIMENTALTEST


BURNER USED: TEA-C Low NOx Multi-f

Air-feedingAir-feeding

By varying the axial movable secondary andit is possible to vary the burner swirl numbe


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fuel Burner,

O2-feeding

d tertiary swirlers (SW2 and SW3), er and consequently the flame shape


ContentsContents

OXYFUEL BURNER



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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS

EXPERIMENTALTEST


Experimental testExperimental test

MAIN GO

1. Study the retrofitting issues on a 3 MW pones that can arise in industrial scale plants.

MAIN GO

2. Study the influence of Recycle Ratio on the h3. Perform a parametric investigation to evalua

oxygen injection point, on pollutant emiscomparison with the air-case

4. Produce experimental data concerningcomposition for the validation of combustion

.

AirAir--NGNG

Air Air --Coal Coal trialstrials

Best SettingBest SettingInIn--flame flame measuremenmeasurementhe baseline the baseline casecase


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OALS

ilot scale facility (Fo.Sper) and identify the

OALS

heat exchanging performanceate the effect of some parameters, like thessions and flame stability and make a

in-flame temperature and chemicalmodels in O2-RFG atmosphere

nts in nts in air air

O2O2--NGNG

O2O2--CoalCoal

trialstrials

InIn--flame flame measurements measurements in the in the O2-Cases

e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 8COMPARISONCOMPARISON

Experimental test: O2 +Na

VARIA

Experimental test: O2 +Na

VARIANAME

Qfuel

SW2

SW3FRB

RB

mmmR

2

W/D-R

O2 2°/O2-2°/

%R

O2-NG cases %R1 73%2 68%

%O2 3 60%4 55.5%


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atural Gas

ABLE

atural Gas

1ABLE DESCRIPTION VALUE

Power ~2,5 MWt

1

Position of the secondary swirler 0

Position of the tertiary swirler 100

2

swirler

R Wet/Dry Recirculation Wet

/total

Ratio between the oxygen injected in the 1/total yg jsecondary stream and that globally fed

1

Recycle ratio Variable

Excess Oxygen Variable


Experimental test: O2 + N

AIR –IN LEAKAGE 250

300

/hr

Experimental test: O2 + N

−Higher air –in leakage at higher Recycle Ratio

−Theoretical CO2 % in flue 100

150

200

ir le

akag

e kg

/

gas (in absence of air –in leakage and without the feeding of air as cooling medium) = 92%

0

50

50% 52% 54

Amedium) 92%

−Theoretical CO2 % in flue gas (in absence of air –in leakage) = 81% 100

120

Air -leaka

−Maximum Value obtained ≈ 74%

40

60

80

NO

x , (m

g/M

J)

NOx EMISSIONS

0

20

40

0,00 0,50

NOx-EMISSIONSThe amount of NOx increases as the recycle ratio decreases


O2-N

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Natural Gas

8090100

% D

ry]

Theorical in absence of air-in leakage

Natural Gas

3040506070

in fl

ue g

as [%

4% 56% 58% 60% 62% 64% 66% 68% 70% 72% 74% 76%

Recycle Ratio [R%]

01020

CO

2

56% R

Recycle Ratio [R%]age CO2 in flue gas

68% R

61% R

73% R

1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50


O2, %

NG Case 1 O2-NG Case 2 O2-NG-Case3 O2-NG-Case4 Air Baseline

Experimental test: O2 + C

Variable Name


Qfuel

%O2

SW2

SW3

O2-coal cases %R O2-2°/Total

1 58% 1 SW3

%RW/D-R

LJ-on/off

2 61% 13 64% 1

4 68% 1

O2-2°/Tota


Secondary duct Primary duct

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oal

Description Value

oal

Power ~2,5 MWt

% vol. O2 dry in flue gas Variable (1% ÷ 5%)Position of the secondary swirler 100

Position of the tertiary swirler 100Position of the tertiary swirler 100

Recycle ratio VariableWet/Dry Recirculation Dry

Ljiungstrom on/off on

Ratio bet een the o gen al

Ratio between the oxygen injected in the secondary stream and that globally injected

Variable

O2-Coal cases %R O2-2°/Total

5 61% 0.92

6 61% 0.85

7 61% 0.77


8 61% 0.73

Experimental test: O2 + CExperimental test: O2 + C

AIR –IN LEAKAGE

• An increase in 80

85

90

recycle ratio leads to a decrease on CO2 concentration in flue gas

65

70

75

a (%

dry

vol

.)

• At the minimum Recycle Ratio corresponds the maximum value of

55

60

65

CO2

conv

ettiv

a

maximum value of CO2 (85%) which is really close to the theoretical value of 87%

40

45

50

87%

9.50

.10

9.55

.20

9.59

.50

10.0

4.20

10.0

9.00

10.1

4.40

10.1

9.30

10.2

4.20

10.2

9.00


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oaloal

0,74

0,77

0,8

Theoretical value

0 65

0,68

0,71

Ratio

0,59

0,62

0,65

Recy

cle

0,5

0,53

0,56CO2

Recycle10

.33.

50

10.3

9.10

11.0

0.50

11.0

5.10

11.0

9.40

11.1

4.30

11.1

8.20

11.2

3.00

11.2

7.40

11.3

2.20

11.3

7.00

11.4

0.50

12.1

8.10

12.2

2.40

12.2

7.50

12.3

2.30

12.3

7.10

12.4

1.00

12.4

5.40

12.5

0.10

Time



140

160

180

200

NOx Emissions:


80

100

120

140

NO

x [m

g/M

J]

Influence of the Recycle ratio

• During O2-Coal trials it was

0

20

40

60• During O2 Coal trials it was observed that an increase in Recycle Ratio leads to an increase of NOx emissions

0

2

Influence of the Oxygen injection

1

2m

g/M

Jpoint

• The injection of Oxygen in the primary duct causes an increase in NOx emissions which depend

1NO

x, mNOx emissions which depend

strongly on the amount of O2 injected in primary duct


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oaloal

R=0,69

R=0,64R=0,61R=0,58R 0,58

,1 0,6 1,1 1,6 2,1 2,6 3,1 3,6 4,1 4,6

O2 measured [% dry]

250

150

200

50

100


00,70 0,75 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95 1,

Secondary O2/Total O2


HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY1,30

1,40


HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY

• The effect of increasing R is to 1,10

1,20

/

0

gdecrease the heat transfer efficiency while at 68% R the heat transfer properties of the O2-flames, are close to that of baseline flame. 0 80

0,90

1,00

to that of baseline flame. 0,800

LoopQwallloop QQ

WallQ

inputQ


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oaloal

0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75

Recycle Ratio


Experimental test: in flamExperimental test: in flam

Air-NG baseline case

Flames Studied

O2-NG with 61% Recycle Ratio

O2-NG with 68% Recycle Ratio

B li i l fl Baseline air-coal flame

Oxy-coal flame with 61% of R

In-flame measurements of:

G iti (CO O2 CO2 NO )Gas composition (CO, O2, CO2, NOx)

Temperature

All th t h b


All these measurements have been performed by IFRF

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e measurementse measurements

SUCTION PYROMETER

e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 15IFRF PROBE


1° Oxyfuel Combustion Conference3000350040004500500055006000

Use: Public

e measurementse measurements

3004005006007008009001000

600-500-400-300-200-1000100200300


-1000-900-800-700-600

050010001500200025000


1800

2000 T, °C

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

ow

N°

2

200

400

600

800

Win

do

2000

T, °C

0

‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Distance from the center axis [mm]Air Case O2 Case 61% R

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

w N°

1

200

400

600

800

1000

Win

dow


0

‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Distance from the center axis [mm]Air Case O2 Case 61% R

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e measurements Coal

6000

6000

O2-Coal 61% RBaseline air

e measurements Coal

500

5000

5500

500

5000

5500

15501600

3500

4000

45

ht, m

m 3500

4000

45

11501200125013001350140014501500

pera

ture

, °C

ght,

mm

2000

2500

3000

Furn

ace

Leng

h

2000

2500

3000

750800850900950100010501100

Tem

Furn

ace

Leng

1000

1500

010

0015

00

700

500

-500

500

500

-500

500



2

30

35

40 O2, Dry[Vol. %]

w 2

10

15

20

25

Win

dow

0

5

‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Distance from the center axis [mm]

Air Case O2 Case 61% R

25

30

35

40O2, Dry[Vol. %]


w 1

5

10

15

20

Win

dow


0

‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Distance from the center axis [mm]


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e measurements Coal

0

O2-Coal 61% RBaseline air

0

e measurements Coal

5000

5500

6000

40

5000

5500

600

0040

0045

00

242628303234363840

ncen

trat

ion,

%

m500

4000

4500

m

2500

3000

350

6810121416182022

Oxy

gen

con

Furn

ace

Leng

ht, m

m

2500

3000

35

Furn

ace

Leng

ht, m

m

0015

0020

00

0246

000

1500

2000

500

10

-500

500

500

1

-500

500


Conclusions

Air in-leakage into the systemsignificantly especially at highAir-in leakage

During O2-Coal trials it was oto an increase of NOx emissiocauses an increase in NOx em

NOx Emissions

causes an increase in NOx emof O2 injected in primary duct

A large data set of in-flame mCoal as fuels The data show tFl Coal as fuels. The data show tthe furnace in Oxycombustionaffected from the Recycle Rat

Flame

characterization

Heat transfer efficiency in comRecycle ratio, with a trend of dresult with the air case the op

Heat Transfer


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m affects the CO2 content in flue gas h Recycle Ratio

bserved that an increase in Recycle Ratio leads ons.The injection of Oxygen in the primary duct missions which depend strongly on the amount missions which depend strongly on the amount t

measures have been taken with both NG and that flame shape and temperature field inside that flame shape and temperature field inside n are different from the air-case and are io as expected

mbustion chamber is greatly influenced by decrease with increasing R. Comparing such

ptimum R was close to 68%.


ContentsContents

OXYFUEL BURNER



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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS

EXPERIMENTALTEST


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

P f hi k i d i h Part of this work was carried out in the of the European Research Fund for CoalSteel Project "Friendly coal"

We want to acknowledge f hIFRF team for their

scientific and technical contribution


contribution

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f frame l and


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATT


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TENTION !TENTION !


A1 A418329, 14/06/2007

enel- oxy-coal combustion experiences on a 3 mw … 5_b/enel- oxy-coal... · oxy-coal combustion e...

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