breakthroughs in clean coal technologies...usa - coal - chilled ammonia vattenfall schwarze pumpe...
TRANSCRIPT
International Coal and Climate Summit
Giles Dickson, VP Environmental Policies & Global Advocacy Warsaw 18 November 2013
Breakthroughs in clean coal technologies
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Alstom and Clean Power
Gas Coal
Hydro, Ocean, Tidal Nuclear (turbine island) Wind onshore and offshore
Oil
Solar Geothermal Biomass
…FOR NEW PLANTS OR INSTALLED BASE
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Alstom CO2 capture technologies
CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom
Post-combustion Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)
• Advanced Amines Process • Chilled Ammonia Process
• Oxy-combustion with ASU
• Regenerative Calcium Cycle (RCC) • Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) 2nd Generation 2nd Generation
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Completed TESTS COMPLETE
AEP Mountaineer USA – 58 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Coal
EoN Karlshamn Sweden - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Fuel
WE - Energie USA WI - 5 MWth Chilled Ammonia, Coal
DOW Chemical Co. USA, WV Adv. Amines - Coal
Alstom portfolio of pilot/demo projects
OPERATING Vattenfall Schwarze Pumpe, Germany 30 MWth, Oxy - Lignite
Total Lacq France - 30 MWth Oxy - Gas
Alstom BSF Windsor US - 15 MWth Oxy - Coals
2nd Gen
DOE/Alstom Windsor US - 3 MWth Chemical Looping, Coal
Alstom Labs Växjö Sweden – 0.25 MWth Post C.-multi purpose
RFCS EU - Darmstadt Germany - 1 MWth Chemical Looping - Coal
2nd Gen
TCM Mongstad Norway 40 MWth, Chilled Ammonia, CHP & Refinery Offgas (RCC)
Alstom GPU Pilot (Mobile) 0.3 MWth
OPERATING
OPERATING
EDF Le Havre France - 5 MWth Adv. Adv. Amines - Coal
LARGE-SCALE PROJECTS (under development)
White Rose CCS Project UK - 426 MWe Oxy Hardcoal
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
What we’ve achieved
Pilot operation confirm CO2 capture works and performances are improving
We Energies Pleasant Prairie USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia
Vattenfall Schwarze
Pumpe
Germany - Lignite &
Bit. Coal - Oxy
Dow Chemical Co. Charleston USA - Coal - Advanced Amines
CO2 capture rate CO2 purity
Reached
>99.7%
>99.9%
>99.5% 90%
90%
90%
Load [%] on net efficiency
Pilot phase Demo phase Commercial phase
Realistic limit
AEP Mountaineer USA - Coal - Chilled Ammonia
>99% 90%
15
20
25
10
First commercial units will be at or below 20%
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Post-combustion: Advanced Amines
Advantages
• Proven in natural gas & syngas purification • CO2 capture from flue gas is a new application • More efficient capture of CO2 and less solvent degradation than
MEA • Higher tolerance against oxygen & trace contaminants
Source: Alstom
Principle
• Amine based solvent reacts with CO2 in flue gas • Higher temperature reverses reaction: CO2 released and solvent
recycled
A competitive post-combustion technology
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Advanced Amine Pilot: EDF Le Havre (France)
• Designed to capture 25 tonnes CO2/day, 90% CO2 capture • Advanced flow scheme • Flue gas: slipstream from 600 MWe coal plant (EdF facility) • French government funding (ADEME) • Project schedule:
• 2010-2014 program • In operation • 1 year test period (end in 2014)
EdF Le Havre coal power plant (field pilot represented in orange)
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Advantages • Energy-efficient capture of CO2
• High CO2 purity (99.5+ vol%)
• Low CO2 compression power (High P Regen)
• Tolerant to flue gas oxygen and other impurities
• Stable solvent, no degradation
• No emission of volatile degradation products
• Low-cost, globally available reagent
• Valuable byproduct: ammonium sulfate
Principle
Post-combustion: Chilled Ammonia
A leading post-combustion technology
• Ammonia/Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate
• Higher temperature reverses reaction, pressurized CO2 released, the solution recycled
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Chilled Ammonia Pilot: Mongstad (Norway) • Unique Validation Features / Expectations
• Main validation facility for CO2 Capture Mongstad • CO2 Sources:
• Flue gases from natural gas CHP plant • Off-gases from the RCC
• Validation plant, designed to capture: • 80 ktons CO2/year (RCC) & 22 ktons CO2/year (CHP)
• First CAP pilot on industrial source • Incorporation of know how from previous pilots • Compact and efficient layout (1300 m2) • Ammonia first fill 29 October 2012 • Testing in progress - program extended until November 2014
Mongstad validates chilled ammonia on gas & industrial
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Oxy-combustion
Advantages
• Reliable Technology
• Drastically reduced emission of SOx, NOx, particulates, mercury
• No CO2 capture chemicals required
• Offers options for operational flexibility
• Adaptable to all boiler types and fuels
• Can be a Retrofit solution
Principle
• Fuel is burned in a mixture of oxygen and re-circulated flue-gas. Due to the absence of Nitrogen, the resulting flue gas already is a CO2 -rich gas,
• After water condensing and further purification, CO2 is compressed and sent to storage
A sustainable and competitive solution for power
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Project Promoters
White Rose Demonstration Project: 426MW
Capture Power Limited
• Capture Power Limited will enter into
Agreements with UK Government
• Equal Shareholding between Partners
Alstom Drax National Grid
Oxy-combustion Power Plant & CO2 Capture CO2 T & S
BOC Linde
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS on Gas
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Key component OEM
Alstom study of Costs of Electricity from CCS
Costs of Alstom technology
CCS experience
13 pilots, several demo projects in development
Plant Integration experience
Global supply of turnkey power plants
• Independent Validation of
methodology and hypothesis;
• Update of asumptions every
year
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS costs study: assumptions
• Bituminous coal and gas
• Base case : base load operation: coal 7446 h/y; gas 6570 h/y
• Construction duration: coal 4.5 years; gas 2.5 years
• CO2 Capture rate: 90%
• Learning curves applied until 2030
• Full CCS Chain CAPEX and OPEX included: Base case 200 km transport to on-shore saline aquifer
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Costs of CCS on Coal
All technologies in the same cost range : differences will be site-specific
Source : Alstom cost of electricity study 2013
Coal price = 70,9 EUR/t
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
40
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 0 0
42€
CCSREF
2015 2030
Transport
&Storage
Fuel Cost
CCS/Coal REF
Capex & Opex
43€
65€
55€
CCSREF
Euro / MWh net
REF
2015 2030
GAS - EUROPE
84€
49€ 50€
73€
CCSREF CCS
HARDCOAL - EUROPE
Source: Alstom – PCC
CCS/Gas REF
Capex & Opex
+71%
+46%
+49%+33%
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
40
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 0 0
42€
CCSREF
2015 2030
Transport
&Storage
Fuel Cost
CCS/Coal REF
Capex & Opex
43€
65€
55€
CCSREF
Euro / MWh net
REF
2015 2030
GAS - EUROPE
84€
49€ 50€
73€
CCSREF CCS
HARDCOAL - EUROPE
Source: Alstom – PCC
CCS/Gas REF
Capex & Opex
+71%
+46%
+49%+33%
Cost increase <50% by 2030 for both Coal and Gas
Cost of CO2 avoided: 37 €/t for coal and 49 €/t for gas in 2030
CCS affordable on both gas and coal
CCS Cost of
Electricity Impact
is lower on gas
than on coal.
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
CCS competitive with low carbon alternatives
Competitiveness of CCS power plants – Power-gen Europe - June 2013- P 17 Source : Alstom analysis 2013
Investment decision for low carbon New PP over next 5 years Cost of Electricity by type - Expected range
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
2nd generation technologies: Chemical Looping
A promising breakthrough technology
Advantages • Potential for low CoE and low energy penalty by limiting the
cryogenic ASU of 1st generation oxy process; • Development from Alstom’s CFB experience.
Principle – OPERATION IN OXY-COMBUSTION • Combustion occurs in an atmosphere free of nitrogen. In the Air Reactor, a solid carrier absorbs oxygen from the air and is conveyed to the
Fuel Reactor where the oxygen is released and combustion with the fuel occurs. Solid carrier is then taken back to the Air Reactor, closing the loop.
• Oxygen carriers can be metal oxide or limestone-based. Alstom works on both types.
Status • 2 pilots in operation :
1 MWt (ÉCLAIR in Darmstadt University-Germany-RFCS funding)
3 MWt (Alstom Lab – Windsor CT – sponsored by US DoE)
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
2nd generation technologies: Regenerative Calcium Cycle
A new post-combustion system with potential for Power and Industry
Advantages • Promising energy penalty and CoE; • RCC produces Power : no loss of net electrical output (value for retrofit and industry) • Widely used feedstock, potential synergies with industries like cement).
Principle – A POST-COMBUSTION SYSTEM • In the Carbonator, CO2 from the flue gas reacts with lime (CaO) forming limestone. In the Calciner, limestone is converted into lime and
CO2, pure CO2 can then be easily captured;
Status • 1 pilots in operation : 1 MWt (LISA in Darmstadt University-Germany-RFCS funding)
CARBONATOR
CaO + CO2 CaCO3
CALCINER
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
CO2-lean flue gas Pure CO2 +
H2O Make-up CaCO3
(limestone)
Coal
Pure O2
CaO
deactivated lime
CaCO3
CaO
Flue gas from power
plant or industry
• Lime is taken back to the carbonator,
closing the loop.
© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Conclusions
• Technology proved at pilot plant: 90% capture @ 99% purity
• Next stage: full-scale demo plant
• Energy penalty falling
• CCS cost-competitive with other low-carbon technologies
• 2nd generation technologies promising
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