Oxy-coal combustion eOxy coal combustion etest rig Facility
Danila Cumbo, Nicola Rossi, Giancarlo BeneEnel - Engineering and Innovation Division
1 st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference Cottbus, September 8-11, 2009
experiences on a 3 MW experiences on a 3 MW
elli, Marco Gazzino, Enrico Tosi
Enel's interest in Oxy-comEnel s interest in Oxy com
GREEN FIELD USC BoRe
Innovative
APPLICATIONAsh separa
se
Innovative technology
ExperimentDeSO
RETROFIT
3 MW RETR
Atmospheric Oxycombustion
with RFG
RETROFIT
OPTION
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mbustionmbustion
48 MWt DEMO PROJECT ,Brindisi Sud
oilereactor
Oxygen Storage
Handling coal-water slurry
Innovative high efficiency
Oxycombustion technology
ationction
Control RootalOx
ROFITTED FACILITY :EXTENSIVE EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIE
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 2
ContentsContents
OXYFUEL BURNER
USEDTEST RIG FACILITYFOSPER
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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS
EXPERIMENTALTEST
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 3
OxyFuel Test Rig Facility FOxyFuel Test Rig Facility F
Pink lines indicate components and
Bluethe t
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ppiping added stor
the
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Fo.SperFo.Sper
Multifuel refractory lined furnace ( Formerly IFRF FURNACE N° 1)
Convective water-cooled section
Ljungstrom air-preheater
Fabric Filter
stack
e lines indicate new Oxygen
t k d
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 4
rage tank and O2 pipeline
ContentsContents
OXYFUEL BURNER
USEDTEST RIG FACILITYFOSPER
1° Oxyfuel Combustion Conference
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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS
EXPERIMENTALTEST
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 5
BURNER USED: TEA-C Low NOx Multi-f
Air-feedingAir-feeding
By varying the axial movable secondary andit is possible to vary the burner swirl numbe
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fuel Burner,
O2-feeding
d tertiary swirlers (SW2 and SW3), er and consequently the flame shape
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 6
ContentsContents
OXYFUEL BURNER
USEDTEST RIG FACILITYFOSPER
1° Oxyfuel Combustion Conference
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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS
EXPERIMENTALTEST
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 7
Experimental testExperimental test
MAIN GO
1. Study the retrofitting issues on a 3 MW pones that can arise in industrial scale plants.
MAIN GO
2. Study the influence of Recycle Ratio on the h3. Perform a parametric investigation to evalua
oxygen injection point, on pollutant emiscomparison with the air-case
4. Produce experimental data concerningcomposition for the validation of combustion
.
AirAir--NGNG
Air Air --Coal Coal trialstrials
Best SettingBest SettingInIn--flame flame measuremenmeasurementhe baseline the baseline casecase
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OALS
ilot scale facility (Fo.Sper) and identify the
OALS
heat exchanging performanceate the effect of some parameters, like thessions and flame stability and make a
in-flame temperature and chemicalmodels in O2-RFG atmosphere
nts in nts in air air
O2O2--NGNG
O2O2--CoalCoal
trialstrials
InIn--flame flame measurements measurements in the in the O2-Cases
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 8COMPARISONCOMPARISON
Experimental test: O2 +Na
VARIA
Experimental test: O2 +Na
VARIANAME
Qfuel
SW2
SW3FRB
RB
mmmR
2
W/D-R
O2 2°/O2-2°/
%R
O2-NG cases %R1 73%2 68%
%O2 3 60%4 55.5%
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atural Gas
ABLE
atural Gas
1ABLE DESCRIPTION VALUE
Power ~2,5 MWt
1
Position of the secondary swirler 0
Position of the tertiary swirler 100
2
swirler
R Wet/Dry Recirculation Wet
/total
Ratio between the oxygen injected in the 1/total yg jsecondary stream and that globally fed
1
Recycle ratio Variable
Excess Oxygen Variable
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 9
Experimental test: O2 + N
AIR –IN LEAKAGE 250
300
/hr
Experimental test: O2 + N
−Higher air –in leakage at higher Recycle Ratio
−Theoretical CO2 % in flue 100
150
200
ir le
akag
e kg
/
gas (in absence of air –in leakage and without the feeding of air as cooling medium) = 92%
0
50
50% 52% 54
Amedium) 92%
−Theoretical CO2 % in flue gas (in absence of air –in leakage) = 81% 100
120
Air -leaka
−Maximum Value obtained ≈ 74%
40
60
80
NO
x , (m
g/M
J)
NOx EMISSIONS
0
20
40
0,00 0,50
NOx-EMISSIONSThe amount of NOx increases as the recycle ratio decreases
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O2-N
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Natural Gas
8090100
% D
ry]
Theorical in absence of air-in leakage
Natural Gas
3040506070
in fl
ue g
as [%
4% 56% 58% 60% 62% 64% 66% 68% 70% 72% 74% 76%
Recycle Ratio [R%]
01020
CO
2
56% R
Recycle Ratio [R%]age CO2 in flue gas
68% R
61% R
73% R
1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 10
O2, %
NG Case 1 O2-NG Case 2 O2-NG-Case3 O2-NG-Case4 Air Baseline
Experimental test: O2 + C
Variable Name
Experimental test: O2 + C
Qfuel
%O2
SW2
SW3
O2-coal cases %R O2-2°/Total
1 58% 1 SW3
%RW/D-R
LJ-on/off
2 61% 13 64% 1
4 68% 1
O2-2°/Tota
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Secondary duct Primary duct
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oal
Description Value
oal
Power ~2,5 MWt
% vol. O2 dry in flue gas Variable (1% ÷ 5%)Position of the secondary swirler 100
Position of the tertiary swirler 100Position of the tertiary swirler 100
Recycle ratio VariableWet/Dry Recirculation Dry
Ljiungstrom on/off on
Ratio bet een the o gen al
Ratio between the oxygen injected in the secondary stream and that globally injected
Variable
O2-Coal cases %R O2-2°/Total
5 61% 0.92
6 61% 0.85
7 61% 0.77
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 11
8 61% 0.73
Experimental test: O2 + CExperimental test: O2 + C
AIR –IN LEAKAGE
• An increase in 80
85
90
recycle ratio leads to a decrease on CO2 concentration in flue gas
65
70
75
a (%
dry
vol
.)
• At the minimum Recycle Ratio corresponds the maximum value of
55
60
65
CO2
conv
ettiv
a
maximum value of CO2 (85%) which is really close to the theoretical value of 87%
40
45
50
87%
9.50
.10
9.55
.20
9.59
.50
10.0
4.20
10.0
9.00
10.1
4.40
10.1
9.30
10.2
4.20
10.2
9.00
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oaloal
0,74
0,77
0,8
Theoretical value
0 65
0,68
0,71
Ratio
0,59
0,62
0,65
Recy
cle
0,5
0,53
0,56CO2
Recycle10
.33.
50
10.3
9.10
11.0
0.50
11.0
5.10
11.0
9.40
11.1
4.30
11.1
8.20
11.2
3.00
11.2
7.40
11.3
2.20
11.3
7.00
11.4
0.50
12.1
8.10
12.2
2.40
12.2
7.50
12.3
2.30
12.3
7.10
12.4
1.00
12.4
5.40
12.5
0.10
Time
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Experimental test: O2 + C
140
160
180
200
NOx Emissions:
Experimental test: O2 + C
80
100
120
140
NO
x [m
g/M
J]
Influence of the Recycle ratio
• During O2-Coal trials it was
0
20
40
60• During O2 Coal trials it was observed that an increase in Recycle Ratio leads to an increase of NOx emissions
0
2
Influence of the Oxygen injection
1
2m
g/M
Jpoint
• The injection of Oxygen in the primary duct causes an increase in NOx emissions which depend
1NO
x, mNOx emissions which depend
strongly on the amount of O2 injected in primary duct
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oaloal
R=0,69
R=0,64R=0,61R=0,58R 0,58
,1 0,6 1,1 1,6 2,1 2,6 3,1 3,6 4,1 4,6
O2 measured [% dry]
250
150
200
50
100
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 13
00,70 0,75 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95 1,
Secondary O2/Total O2
Experimental test: O2 + C
HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY1,30
1,40
Experimental test: O2 + C
HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
• The effect of increasing R is to 1,10
1,20
/
0
gdecrease the heat transfer efficiency while at 68% R the heat transfer properties of the O2-flames, are close to that of baseline flame. 0 80
0,90
1,00
to that of baseline flame. 0,800
LoopQwallloop QQ
WallQ
inputQ
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oaloal
0,5 0,55 0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75
Recycle Ratio
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 14
Experimental test: in flamExperimental test: in flam
Air-NG baseline case
Flames Studied
O2-NG with 61% Recycle Ratio
O2-NG with 68% Recycle Ratio
B li i l fl Baseline air-coal flame
Oxy-coal flame with 61% of R
In-flame measurements of:
G iti (CO O2 CO2 NO )Gas composition (CO, O2, CO2, NOx)
Temperature
All th t h b
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All these measurements have been performed by IFRF
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e measurementse measurements
SUCTION PYROMETER
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 15IFRF PROBE
Experimental test: in flamExperimental test: in flam
1° Oxyfuel Combustion Conference3000350040004500500055006000
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e measurementse measurements
3004005006007008009001000
600-500-400-300-200-1000100200300
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 16
-1000-900-800-700-600
050010001500200025000
Experimental test: in flamExperimental test: in flam
1800
2000 T, °C
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
ow
N°
2
200
400
600
800
Win
do
2000
T, °C
0
‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Distance from the center axis [mm]Air Case O2 Case 61% R
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
w N°
1
200
400
600
800
1000
Win
dow
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0
‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Distance from the center axis [mm]Air Case O2 Case 61% R
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e measurements Coal
6000
6000
O2-Coal 61% RBaseline air
e measurements Coal
500
5000
5500
500
5000
5500
15501600
3500
4000
45
ht, m
m 3500
4000
45
11501200125013001350140014501500
pera
ture
, °C
ght,
mm
2000
2500
3000
Furn
ace
Leng
h
2000
2500
3000
750800850900950100010501100
Tem
Furn
ace
Leng
1000
1500
010
0015
00
700
500
-500
500
500
-500
500
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 17
Experimental test: in flamExperimental test: in flam
2
30
35
40 O2, Dry[Vol. %]
w 2
10
15
20
25
Win
dow
0
5
‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Distance from the center axis [mm]
Air Case O2 Case 61% R
25
30
35
40O2, Dry[Vol. %]
Air Case O2 Case 61% R
w 1
5
10
15
20
Win
dow
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0
‐1000 ‐800 ‐600 ‐400 ‐200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Distance from the center axis [mm]
Air Case O2 Case 61% R
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e measurements Coal
0
O2-Coal 61% RBaseline air
0
e measurements Coal
5000
5500
6000
40
5000
5500
600
0040
0045
00
242628303234363840
ncen
trat
ion,
%
m500
4000
4500
m
2500
3000
350
6810121416182022
Oxy
gen
con
Furn
ace
Leng
ht, m
m
2500
3000
35
Furn
ace
Leng
ht, m
m
0015
0020
00
0246
000
1500
2000
500
10
-500
500
500
1
-500
500
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 18
Conclusions
Air in-leakage into the systemsignificantly especially at highAir-in leakage
During O2-Coal trials it was oto an increase of NOx emissiocauses an increase in NOx em
NOx Emissions
causes an increase in NOx emof O2 injected in primary duct
A large data set of in-flame mCoal as fuels The data show tFl Coal as fuels. The data show tthe furnace in Oxycombustionaffected from the Recycle Rat
Flame
characterization
Heat transfer efficiency in comRecycle ratio, with a trend of dresult with the air case the op
Heat Transfer
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m affects the CO2 content in flue gas h Recycle Ratio
bserved that an increase in Recycle Ratio leads ons.The injection of Oxygen in the primary duct missions which depend strongly on the amount missions which depend strongly on the amount t
measures have been taken with both NG and that flame shape and temperature field inside that flame shape and temperature field inside n are different from the air-case and are io as expected
mbustion chamber is greatly influenced by decrease with increasing R. Comparing such
ptimum R was close to 68%.
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 19
ContentsContents
OXYFUEL BURNER
USEDTEST RIG FACILITYFOSPER
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EXPERIMECONCLUSIONS
EXPERIMENTALTEST
e, Cottbus 8 -11 September, 2009 20
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
P f hi k i d i h Part of this work was carried out in the of the European Research Fund for CoalSteel Project "Friendly coal"
We want to acknowledge f hIFRF team for their
scientific and technical contribution
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contribution
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f frame l and
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATT
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TENTION !TENTION !
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Slide 22
A1 A418329, 14/06/2007