effect of vibrio tubiashii on west coast shellfish
DESCRIPTION
Oregon State University molluscan scientist Chris Langdon's 2010-2012 research project for Oregon Sea GrantTRANSCRIPT
CHRIS LANGDONCoastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station,
Hatfield Marine Science Center,
Oregon State University
CLAUDIA HÄSECollege of Veterinary Medicine,
Oregon State University
RALPH ELSTONAquaTechnics Inc., WA
EFFECT OF VIBRIO TUBIASHII ON WEST COAST SHELLFISH
ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE WEST COASTSHELLFISH INDUSTRY
(PACIFIC COAST SHELLFISH GROWERS ASSOC. DATA FOR 2005)
ANNUAL DOCKSIDE VALUE OF ALL SHELLFISH $111 MILLION
ANNUAL DOCKSIDE VALUE OF OYSTER HARVESTS $83 MILLION
WHOLESALE SALES + SERVICES + SUPPLIES $278 MILLION
EMPLOYMENT 3000
PACIFIC COAST OYSTER GROWERS DEPEND ON TWO SOURCES FOR THEIR SEED
1)Wild set from Willapa and Dabob Bays
2)Commercial hatcheries
NO NATURAL SET OF PACIFIC OYSTERS IN WILLAPA BAY, WA, IN LAST 5 YEARS
DATA OF WASHINGTON DEPT. FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE
SOURCES OF OYSTER SEED
TAYLOR HATCHERY
WHISKEY CREEKHATCHERY
IMPACTED PRODUCTION OF PACIFIC OYSTER LARVAEFROM WHISKEY CREEK AND TAYLOR HATCHERIES2007WHISKEY CREEK < 70% NORMAL PRODUCTION
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF V. TUBIASHII-LKE BACTERIA IN NETARTS BAY AND VIBRIOSIS EVIDENT IN HATCHERY
LARVAE
SEAWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM (BASED ON MBP’S SYSTEM) WAS INSTALLED IN THE WHISKEY CREEK HATCHERY
IN EARLY 2008 TO EXCLUDE V. TUBIASHII AND ITS EXTACELLULAR TOXINS
FOAMFRACTIONATOR
BIOLOGICALFILTER
UV
IMPACTED PRODUCTION OF PACIFIC OYSTER LARVAEFROM WHISKEY CREEK AND TAYLOR HATCHERIES2007WHISKEY CREEK < 70% NORMAL PRODUCTION
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF V. TUBIASHII-LKE BACTERIA IN NETARTS BAY AND VIBRIOSIS EVIDENT IN HATCHERY
LARVAE
2008WHISKEY CREEK <50% NORMAL PRODUCTION.LITTLE SIGN OF VIBRIOSIS. PROLONGED UPWELLING OF LOW pH SEAWATER
TAYLOR PRODUCTION 50% NORMAL PRODUCTION.LOW pH WATER FROM HOOD CANAL
2009WHISKEY CREEK PRODUCTION IMPACTED BY DISCRETE UPWELLING EVENTS. NO VIBRIOSIS EVIDENT IN LARVAE
TAYLOR HATCHERY 20% NORMAL PRODUCTIONV. TUBIASHII-LIKE BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH 70% LARVAL MORTALITIES
Vibrio tubiashii• One of the most serious diseases of
shellfish larvae caused by a marine Vibrio species
• Rapid reduction in larval motility and necrotic soft tissue, leading to high mortality rates
• Extracellular toxins – Metalloproteases– Haemolysins– Ciliastatins
• Invasive - leading to tissue necrosis
• Facultative anaerobe
(Tubiash et al., 1965)
INFECTED LARVAE NORMAL LARVAE
CHARACTERIZATION OF METALLOPROTEASE TOXIN OF V. TUBIASHII
ALIGNMENT OF THE SEQUENCE FOR METALLOPROTEASE FROMVIBRIO TUBIASHII WITH THOSE OF OTHER VIBRIO SPECIES
(HASAGAWA ET AL. 2008)
TOXICITY OF V. TUBIASHII METALLOPROTEASE FOR PACIFIC OYSTER LARVAE(HASAGAWA ET AL. 2008)
+ protease
- protease
NEW MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR DETECTION OF V. TUBIASHII
RESEARCH GOALS:
1)DETERMINE THE PATHOGENICITY OF V. TUBIASHII FOR EARLY LIFE STAGES OF THE:
a) Pacific oysterb) Olympia oysterc) Bay mussel
APPROACH:
DETERMINE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LARVAE AND JUVENILES EXPOSED TO CELL SUSPENSIONS AND SUPER-NATENTS OF: - A HIGHLY PATHOGENIC STRAIN OF V. TUBIASHII
- A MUTANT STRAIN WITH DELETED GENE FOR METALLOPROTEASE
RESEARCH GOALS:
1)DETERMINE THE PATHOGENICITY OF V. TUBIASHII FOR EARLY LIFE STAGES
2) EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PACIFIC OYSTER
LARVAE EXPOSED TO NATURALLY OCCURING V. TUBIASHII INCOMMERCIAL HATCHERIES
APPROACH:
a) monitor culture systems for V. tubiashii during good and poor larval production periods
b) correlate larval performance with water quality and V. tubiashii, using selective media and PCR
RESEARCH GOALS:
1)DETERMINE THE PATHOGENICITY OF V. TUBIASHII FOR EARLY LIFE STAGES OF THE
2) EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PACIFIC OYSTER
LARVAE EXPOSED TO NATURALLY OCCURING V. TUBIASHII INCOMMERCIAL HATCHERIES
3) APPLY THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY TO IMPROVE MANAGEMENTOF OYSTER POPULATIONS IN HATCHERIES AND IN THEFIELD
a) husbandry practices in commercial hatcheriesb) planting schedules for restoration of Olympia oysters
QUESTIONS?
UPWELLED DEEP WATER CAN BE ACIDIC AND CORROSIVE FOR ARAGONITEVERTICAL SECTION OFF ST. GEORGE, CA. SUMMER 2007
FEELY ET AL. 2008. SCIENCE 320: 1490 - 1492
HYPOXIC WATER ON INNER SHELF OFF OREGON AND WASHINGTON COASTS (DEAD ZONES)
SINCE 2002, LARGE AREAS OF HYPOXIC WATER (<1.4 ml O2. l-1) HAVE BEEN FOUND ON THE INNER SHELF (< 50 M) IN SUMMER
SOURCE: PISCO, OSU