@earthscience92

Matter and Its Properties

Earth Science Intro Unit

What is Matter?• Matter– Anything that has mass

and takes up space (volume)

– Makes up most materials.

– Can you think of something that is not matter?

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Length

– Distance between two points.

– Tools:• Meter Stick• Metric Ruler

– Units• mm or cm = small• m = short distances• km = large distances

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Measuring Length

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Mass– Describes the

amount of matter in an object.

– Unit - grams (g)– Balance is used to

measure mass.• Two types

– Triple Beam Balance

– Electronic Balance

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• How to Measure Mass– 1. Make sure the balance is

zeroed.– 2. Place the object on the

pan.– 3. Move the riders (or

windows) one notch at a time away from the pan.• Begin with the largest.• Change the positions of the

riders (or windows) until the pointer is at 0.

• Add all beams to determine the mass.

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• How to Measure Mass

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Mass

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Weight– A measure of the

gravitational force on an object.

– Can vary depending on gravity.

– Instrument Used• Scale

– Measured in units of force• Unit – Newton (N)

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

Spring scale

Scale

How Can Matter be Measured?• Volume

– the amount of space an object takes up

– Instruments used:• Ruler• Graduated Cylinder

– Units: • Cm3

• mL• L**** cm3 = mL *****

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Volume of a Solid

– Measured in units of length (cm)

– Formula for a rectangle• V = L x W x H• Units = cm3

• Calculate the Volume of the Box. – Each side is 1 cm.

• V = ___________

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Volume of a liquid– Measured with a

graduated cylinder.– Meniscus

• The curve of a liquid– Find the volume by

reading at the bottom of the meniscus.

– Units • mL • L

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Calculate the Volume of

the liquids.

I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Calculate the Volume of

the liquids.

I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Volume of Irregular Solids

– Water Displacement Steps1. Put water in grad. cylinder2. Read / record the starting

volume3. Gently slide object in the

cylinder.– Don’t splash

4. Record the final volume of the water and the object.

5. Subtract the starting volume from the final volume.

6. The difference = volume of the object.

I will be able to define matter and describe the properties of matter.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Calculate the Volume of

the Rock– Starting Volume (cylinder

A)– Final Volume (cylinder b)– Volume = Final Volume –

Starting Volume

I will be able to define matter and describe how the properties of matter can be measured.

A B

Density Demo 1

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Problems:

– What will happen when the small steel ball is placed in the water?

– What will happen when the large steel ball is placed in the water?

• Hypotheses:– If the small steel ball is placed in the

water, then the small steel ball will _________.

– If the large steel ball is placed in the water, then the large steel ball will _________.

(Hypotheses are written as IF/THEN statements.)

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

Density Demo 2• Problems:– What will happen when

an egg is placed in beaker 1?

– What will happen when an egg is placed in beaker 2?

• Hypotheses: (If/then)

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Density

– A measure of the amount of mass in a given volume• Mass and volume are

properties of all substances.• Density of a substance

always remains the same no matter how much of the substance you have.– Expressed as a ratio

• Units – g/mL = g/cm3

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Density Example– Think about the number of

students in this room. If you had 38 students (represent molecules) in the room, how would that compare to having 76 students (molecules) in the room

– Which situation would be denser?

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Calculating Density (Always

use the three steps below when finding density.)

– Directions:• 1. Write the correct

equation to use.• 2. Plug in the numbers.• 3. Circle your final

answer (don’t forget units)

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Calculating Density

1. Mass = 150gDensity = 50g/cm3

Volume =

2. Volume = 70 cm3

Density = 30g/ cm3

Mass = ?

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Density of Substances– Once you know an

object’s density, you can determine whether an object will float/rise or sink.• If an object is less dense

that the surrounding material it will float/rise

• If an object is more dense than the surrounding material it will sink.

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Density of Water – Density of Water = 1g/mL

or 1g/cm3

• If an object’s density is less than Is 1g/mL or 1g/cm3

– The object will rise/float

• If an object’s density is greater than Is 1g/mL or 1g/cm3

– The object will sink

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Math Problems– A student determines the

mass of a metal paperclip to be 1.42g (grams). The student also determines the volume and finds that it has a volume of 2mL.• Determine the density of

the paperclip.

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Math Problems– Pumice is an igneous rock,

formed by rapidly cooling lava. What is the density of a 49.8g piece of pumice that has a volume of 83 cm3? Will the pumice sink or float?

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

How Can Matter be Measured?• Math Problems– Obsidian is another type

of igneous rock. What is the mass of the rock if the D= 2.6g/cm3 and the volume is 92 ml? Will Obsidian sink or float?

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

Calculate the Approximate Density of the Egg1. Using the appropriate tools, determine

the density of water / salt water.1. Mass the cylinder.2. Add 20mL of solution to cylinder with

pipet.3. Mass the cylinder and water.4. Determine the mass of the water.

2. Create a table to display your results. For mass and volume of the water.

3. Using the data you found, approximate the density of the egg.

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

Calculate the Approximate Density of the Egg

I will be able to define density and describe how density is measured.

Density Mass Volume

Saltwater

Freshwater