MATTER

WHAT IS MATTER?

• Objects that take up space and have mass are called matter.

• Everything around you is made up of matter.

STATES OF MATTER

• Most matter on earth can exist in three states.

• Solid- particles are packed together and cannot move.

• Liquid- particles are close together but they are not held together as tight as in q solid. Particles can move and slide past each other.

• Gas- particles are moving so fast that they don’t even stay close together. Gases expand to fill all the space available.

• Solid- has a definite shape and volume

• Liquid- no definite shape but has definite volume. Takes the shape of the container it is in.

• Gas- Has no definite shape or volume

PHASE CHANGES

• Matter can change from one state to another when thermal energy is absorbed or released.

SOLID-LIQUID CHANGES OF STATE

• Melting: The change of state from a solid to a liquid. Melting occurs when a solid absorbs thermal energy.

• Melting point: Temperature at which solid becomes a liquid.

• Freezing: The change of state from a liquid to a solid. Freezing occurs when matter releases thermal energy.

• Freezing point: The temperature at which liquid becomes a solid.

LIQUID-GAS CHANGES OF STATE

• Vaporization- process in which matter changes from a liquid to a gas.

• Evaporation- vaporization taking place at the surface of a liquid.

• Boiling: vaporization taking place below the surface of a liquid.

• Boiling point- Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

-Outward observable characteristics of matter, which include:

-color -size/shape

-smell -texture

-mass -weight

-volume -density

Physical properties:

Chemical properties:

- How matter changes into other new matter

- Flammability: ability of an object to burn.

- Reactivity: ability to react with other matter.

PHYSICAL CHANGES AND

CHEMICAL CHANGES

PHYSICAL CHANGES

• A physical change does not produce a new substance. Changes in state or phase (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation) are physical changes. Examples of physical changes include crushing a can, melting an ice cube, and breaking a bottle.

CHEMICAL CHANGES

• Chemical changes take place on the molecular level (when the molecules change). A chemical change produces a new substance. Examples of chemical changes include combustion (burning), cooking an egg, and rusting of an iron pan

How to Tell Chemical & Physical Changes Apart

• A chemical change makes a substance that wasn't there before. There may be clues that a chemical reaction took place, such as light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound. The starting and ending materials of a physical change are the same, even though they may look different.