Elements, Compounds, and Elements, Compounds, and Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

MatterMatter

Everything in the universe is made up of Everything in the universe is made up of matter. matter. MatterMatter is anything that has mass is anything that has mass and takes up space. and takes up space.

- All matter is made up of elements.- All matter is made up of elements.

AtomAtom

An An atomatom is the smallest unit or piece of an is the smallest unit or piece of an element that still has all the properties of element that still has all the properties of that element.that element.So…an atom of gold is the smallest amount of So…an atom of gold is the smallest amount of

gold you can get.gold you can get.

ElementElement

An An elementelement is a substance that cannot be is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler parts by ordinary separated into simpler parts by ordinary means. means.

Each element is made up of one type of Each element is made up of one type of atom.atom.Examples: Gold, Iron, Oxygen, Lead, Copper, Examples: Gold, Iron, Oxygen, Lead, Copper,

Nickel, Sodium…Nickel, Sodium…

ElementsElements

Basically this means that everything is Basically this means that everything is made up of elements, or different types of made up of elements, or different types of atoms. If you took a piece of gold and atoms. If you took a piece of gold and kept cutting it in half, eventually you would kept cutting it in half, eventually you would get to the point where it cannot be made get to the point where it cannot be made any smaller. You would get down to any smaller. You would get down to 1 1 atom of the element goldatom of the element gold

There are over a hundred different There are over a hundred different elements, but only 94 are found naturally-elements, but only 94 are found naturally-we made the rest!we made the rest!

ElementsElements

The chemical symbol for an element is the one or The chemical symbol for an element is the one or two letter abbreviation for the element.two letter abbreviation for the element.The chemical symbol always starts with a The chemical symbol always starts with a

capital letter.capital letter. If an element has a 2-letter symbol, then the If an element has a 2-letter symbol, then the

first letter is capitalized and the second letter is first letter is capitalized and the second letter is lower-case.lower-case.

It does not always match up with the letters in It does not always match up with the letters in the name, though usually they do.the name, though usually they do.

Examples: S for Sulfur and Na for sodium comes from the Latin Examples: S for Sulfur and Na for sodium comes from the Latin name for it: natrium name for it: natrium

CompoundsCompounds

A compound is a combination of two or A compound is a combination of two or more elements.more elements.You can determine how many elements are in You can determine how many elements are in

a compound by counting the number of a compound by counting the number of Capital Letters.Capital Letters.

Example: COExample: CO22 has 2 different elements in it.has 2 different elements in it.

Molecules

Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms are joined together chemically.

If it’s 2 or more atoms of the same element, it’s a molecule of that element:

O2 contains 2 atoms of oxygen

If two or more different elements are joined, it is a compound and a molecule.

Ex. NaCl, C6H12O6

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

SUMMARYAtom - the smallest particle of matter and

makes up elementsElement - matter consisting of only one type

of atomMolecule - one or more atoms chemically

combined.1 type of atom = element2 or more types of atoms = compound

Compound - two or more different elements chemically combined

Let’s Review

What is an element?

An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.  The smallest unit of an element is an atom.

What is a compound?

A compound is any chemical that is made of two or more different elements

What are organic compounds? What are organic compounds?

Organic compounds Organic compounds are always composed are always composed of carbon along with of carbon along with hydrogenhydrogen

http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htmhttp://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htmOrganic compounds are compounds that Organic compounds are compounds that usually come from organisms. usually come from organisms. They They always have carbon but may contain other always have carbon but may contain other elements like sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen, elements like sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. C,H,O,N,P,SC,H,O,N,P,S

Examples: Alcohol, Sugar, Fat, Protein.Examples: Alcohol, Sugar, Fat, Protein.

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Organic Compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, Organic Compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and various other elements.and various other elements.

CC66HH1212OO6 6 is an organic compound that contains carbon, is an organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.hydrogen, and oxygen.

CHCH4 4 is methane an organic compound that is methane an organic compound that contains carbon and hydrogen.contains carbon and hydrogen.

CH3CH2CH3 is propane and an organic compound.

CO2 is not organic since it doesn’t have any HYDROGEN along with the CARBON.

ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The most common organic The most common organic compounds found in living compounds found in living organisms are lipids, organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. nucleic acids.

ORGANIC vs INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. Organic compounds are produced by living (biotic) things. Inorganic compounds are produced by non – living (abiotic) natural process or by human intervention in laboratory.

2.Inorganic compounds can form salts but organic can't .

3. Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Inorganic compounds don't have carbon & hydrogen together .

5. Inorganic compounds contain metal atoms. Organic compounds don't .

What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and usually are associated with living things

What elements are most living things made of?

CHONPS; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus ,and Sulfur

Which element is considered the foundation for making organic compounds? Why? Carbon; because adding different elements to carbon changes its physical and chemical properties to make all the different organic compounds needed to support life such as carbohydrates, fats, waxes, oils, proteins , and DNA.

Is the compound water (H2O) an organic compound? Explain.No, because the compound water does not have a carbon backbone.

SUGARSSUGARS

Plants make sugars, starch, and cellulose. with two Plants make sugars, starch, and cellulose. with two simple molecules (CO2 and water). Consequently, simple molecules (CO2 and water). Consequently, sugars are used to make oils and fats. The general sugars are used to make oils and fats. The general name for name for oils and fatsoils and fats are are lipidslipids..

LIPIDSLIPIDS

Lipids (oils and fats)Lipids (oils and fats) are are another class of organic another class of organic compounds built from compounds built from oxygen, hydrogen, and oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. carbon.

PROTEINSPROTEINS

How do we make protein? Hydrogen, How do we make protein? Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are amazing carbon, and oxygen are amazing building blocks, but to make building blocks, but to make something as complicated as protein, something as complicated as protein, we need another element. That would we need another element. That would be nitrogen.be nitrogen.

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATESSome examples of Some examples of

carbohydrates. Sugar, carbohydrates. Sugar, starch, cellulose (wood starch, cellulose (wood fiber), and glycogen. fiber), and glycogen. Glycogen is like starch Glycogen is like starch but is created in but is created in animals for the animals for the purpose of storing purpose of storing chemical energy. The chemical energy. The small black granules small black granules (dots) are glycogen.(dots) are glycogen.

http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htm

With energy from light, plants can build sugars With energy from light, plants can build sugars (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.(glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.

There are a number of elements — such There are a number of elements — such like sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen, nitrogen, like sulfur, phosphorus,oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. SPONCH— that carbon, and hydrogen. SPONCH— that are important for living systems. Carbon, are important for living systems. Carbon, the most important of these elements, is the most important of these elements, is central to the chemistry of biological central to the chemistry of biological systems because of its unique bonding systems because of its unique bonding characteristics. Carbon compounds are characteristics. Carbon compounds are usually classified as organic compoundsusually classified as organic compounds

QUIZ

For a molecule to be considered inorganic it must NOT contain____________________.

OxygenCarbonHydrogenSulfur