@earthscience92. what are the states of matter? matter – all matter is made of atoms. – atoms...
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@earthscience92
States of Matter
Earth Science Intro Unit
What are the states of Matter?• Matter
– All matter is made of atoms.– Atoms are in constant
motion.– Particle movement
determines the state of matter.
• States of Matter.– Solid– Liquid– Gas
I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter.
What are the states of Matter?• Solids
– Shape: • Definite
– Volume: • Definite
– Atoms: • Very close together.• Vibrate in place.
– Exception:• Water, ice has more space
between atoms than liquid water. That is why it _______________.
I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter.
What are the states of Matter?• Liquids– Shape:
• Not definite– Volume:
• Definite – Atoms:
• Further apart• Move, have more kinetic
energy.Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter.
What are the states of Matter?• Gases– Shape:
• Not definite– Volume:
• Not Definite – Atoms:
• Moving very fast.• Most kinetic energy.
– Move faster when heat is applied.
– Move slower when heat is taken away.
I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter.
What is a change in State?• Changes in States– A change of a substance
from one physical state to another.
– Examples:• Water vapor to liquid
water.• Liquid water to ice.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Energy Gained or Lost– To change state, energy
must be added or removed.
– Gaining or losing energy changes the temperature of a substance.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Energy / Motion of Parti
cles.– Energy of the particles
change.– The speed and the
distance between particles change.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Energy / Motion of
Particles.• Solids
– Vibrate in place, particles close together
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Energy / Motion of
Particles.• Liquids
– Move around– Particles further apart.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Energy / Motion of
Particles.• Gas-
– Move quickly– Particles very far apart.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Melting– Solid becomes liquid.
– Energy is added• Particles speed up.• Temperature rises
– Melting point• Temperature at which a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Vaporization– Process by which liquids
or solids change to a gas.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Sublimation– Change in state from a solid
directly into a gas. (skips liquid phase)• Add heat• Atoms gain energy• Escape into the air as a gas.• Example: Dry Ice
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Evaporation – Add heat to a liquid
• Atoms gain energy.• Move faster
– Evaporation• Particles can escape from
the surface of a liquid if enough heat is added.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?
• Boiling– A rapid change from a
liquid to a gas (vapor)
– Boiling Point• The temperature at
which this occurs in a liquid.– 100°C– 212°F
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Condensation– The change in state from
a gas to a liquid.• Cooling a gas• Particles lose energy.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Deposition– Change in state from a
gas directly to a solid.• Substance cools.• Atoms lose energy• No liquid forms in the
process.• Example:
– Water vapor turns into ice crystals.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What is a change in State?• Freezing
– Liquid becomes solid.
– Loss of energy.• Particles slow down• Temperature cools
– Freezing point• Temperature at which a
substance changes into a solid.
• Water = 0C or 32F
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Mass is Conserved– The amount of matter
stays the same during a phase change.
– The mass does not change when its state changes.
– Each state contains the same amount of matter.
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.
What happens to matter when a change of state occurs?• Mass is Conserved
I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state.