atoms. matter elements atoms atoms are the building blocks of matter!
TRANSCRIPT
Matter
Elements
Atoms
Atoms are the building blocks of matter!Atoms are the building blocks of matter!
Atom• the smallest particle into which an element
can be divided and still maintain the properties of that element.
• Atom means “cannot be divided”
Song
http://www.songsforteaching.com/sciencesongs.htm
VideoVideo
The Atoms Family
Atoms are made of subatomic Atoms are made of subatomic particlesparticles
• Inside Nucleus
– Proton- positively charged particle
– Neutron- neutral (no charge) particle
• In Electron Cloud
– Electron- negatively charged particle
Sub-atomic Part
Weight Charge Where Found
Yes No Positive Negative Neutral Inside
Nucleus Outside
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Subatomic Parts ChartSubatomic Parts Chart
J.J. Thompson
Discovered positively and negatively charged particles inside the sphere that neutralized each other
Ernest RutherfordSuggested that atoms have a nucleus
Niels BohrCalculated energy levels and found electrons moved in waves, which then created the electron cloud model
ATOMS• Teeny, tiny, itsy, bitsy, small, small small
• Invisible to the naked eye
• Observed only by an electron microscope
• Millions of them will fit on the point of a needle.
Review Video
Song Atom’s Family
Welcome to Matterville!
CELL• Cells are found in LIVING things only
• Cells are much, much, much larger then atoms
Non LivingNon LivingLivingLiving
PlantsPlantsPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisNo locomotionNo locomotion
AnimalsAnimalsCan MoveCan Move
Can’t make own foodCan’t make own food
CellsCells AtomsAtoms
Helium
2
4.003
ElementElement
# of Protons# of Protons
SymbolSymbol
ProtonsProtons+ Neutrons+ NeutronsAtomic MassAtomic Mass
Atomic #Atomic #
Symbol• Each element has a symbol
• Symbols are like shorthand for chemists.
• Many have Latin Roots (Lead –Pb)
• Some are single upper case letters– example: C is for carbon
• Some have an upper case and a lower case letter– Example- Ni is for nickle
QUICK REVIEW…
• Atomic # is the number of PROTONS in an atom. (and Electrons if the atom is neutral)
Atomic # = PROTONS (+) or Electrons
• Atomic Mass is the sum of PROTONS and NEUTRONS in the nucleus of the atom.
Atomic Mass = P + N
Review…Use the diagram to answer the questions.
• What is the atomic # of this atom?
• What is the atomic mass of this atom?
• What is the name of this Element?
Proton / Neutron / Electron
Review…Use the diagram to answer the questions.• What is the atomic # of
this atom? – 6 (count the protons)
• What is the atomic mass of this atom? – 12 (add protons + neutrons
in nucleus)
• What is the name of this Element? – Carbon (use the atomic
number to find on P.Table)
Proton / Neutron / Electron
READ GATEWAY TEXTBOOK
The Structure and Parts of an Atom pg. 16-19
Pop QuizStates of Matter
Finding the # of each particle in an atom
Page 12 & 20 in Gateway
Complete & Turn In Worksheet
“The Atoms Family Atomic Math Challenge”
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Radioactive Decay:
Atoms become unstable, and release particles to stabilize. The by-product is radioactive decay.
It’s deadly, and it (almost) never goes away.
Half Life• Definition: amount of time it takes for half a
sample of radioactive material to decay– Problem: Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 years. If
you start with 20 g, how much tritium would be left after 50 years?
• Know: Half-life: 12.5 years; initial amount 20 g• Need to find: How many half lives in 50 yrs.; how
much tritium would be left• Half life: 50 yrs / 12.5 yrs = 4 half lives• Material left:
1. 20 g / 2 = 10 g2. 10 g / 2 = 5 g
3. 5 / 2 = 2.5 g4. 2.5 g / 2 = 1.25 g
Element
• Definition: Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
• A substance that contains only one kind of atom.
• There is a whole table of them (Periodic Table of elements)
Molecules vs. Compounds
• Molecule: Particle made of two or more of the same kind of atoms
• Compound: Substance made of two or more elements
MoleculeMoleculeCompoundCompound
Mixtures• When two or more substances come
together but DO NOT combine to make a new substance.
• There are two types:–Heterogeneous mixture: has large parts
that are different and can be easily separated from each other
–Homogeneous mixture: the same throughout; can’t be separated easily, parts cannot be easily identified.
Practice with Molecules & Compounds
Practice wksheet
Chemical Bond & BondingChemical Bond & Bonding
• When atoms are attached together to make molecules and compounds
• Bonding is the process of atoms combining to form new substances
Video
!Valence Electrons!
• The number of outer or “valence” electrons in an atom effects the way an atom bonds.
• Valence is a Latin word that means “strength”
• Valence electrons determine the chemical strength of an atom for bonding with other atoms.
• This is why elements within a group/family usually have similar properties.
Valence Electrons
To determine how many valence electrons an atom has you must be able to draw the atom or use the periodic table as a reference.
Group or Family # is an easy “trick” to valence electrons for groups 1&2, 13-18
(groups 3-12 don’t follow this rule- these you must draw out )
Valence electronGroup/Family# “trick”
Group 1
1 Ve-
Group 2
2 Ve-
Group 3-12
NO RULE
Group 13
3 Ve-
Group 14
4 Ve-
Group 15
5 Ve-
Group 16
6 Ve-
Group 17
7 Ve-
Group 18
8 Ve- or Full Shell
You can always draw one to check it out!
BondingBonding• Covalent Bonding: When atoms share
an electron (5 or more ve-)
• Ion: atom with an electrical charge
• Ionic Bonding: occurs when an atom gains or loses an electron (1 to 4 ve-)
5 or more Valence Electrons = they share!!
1 to 4 valence electrons = take or give away
Ionic Bonding
Group 1
1 Ve-
+1
Group 2
2 Ve-
+2
Group 3-12
NO RULE
+2
Group 13
3 Ve-
+3
Group 14
4Ve-
+/-4
Group 15
5 Ve-
-3
Group 16
6 Ve-
-2
Group 17
7 Ve-
-1
Group 18
8 Ve- or Full Shell
Now who is going to lose or gain?
Science Starter Review Notes
Science Starter PPT #96
Ion Note Sheet & Ions and their charges worksheet
Science Starter Review Notes
Review
Science Starter PPT #24
Atoms Mini-Test
Video Quiz
Extras• Interactive lessons• Periodic Table Adventure• Atoms family• Elements song• Class Notes: Property of Matter Notes (P) & Matter Scramble Puzzle & Crossword Puzzle
BrainPOP movie Worksheet - Properties of Matter • Element of the Day - (pdf) Students will take notes on the first 18 elements • Color the periodic table according to the families (pdf) • Elements Bingo Cards - Class set of 36 cards in PDF format • Elements Word Search (pdf) • Worksheet : Differentiate between an isotope, ion, new element and molecule | • Atomic Musical Chairs (pdf) - students will become part of an atomic model. • Interactive: • Internet Lab : Getting to know the Periodic Table.| Los Alamos Periodic table Periodic Table
Families • Funbrain - Proton Don- Can you guess the element? • The Visual Elements Periodic Table: Wonderful graphics!!! Provides chemical data for each
element. • Element Project: Adopt an Element (PDF)- students will research and create an advertising
poster for their element. Thanks to www.sciencespot.net! • Making Molecular Models Lab : Practice Covalent & Ionic Bonding. • Bond with a Classmate Activity: Learn how to make and name binary compounds. (PDF) • Radioactive Decay and Half Life Lab - Students will simulate and graph radioactive decay.