classifying matter. matter: substance that has mass and takes up space
TRANSCRIPT
Classifying Matter
Matter: substance that has mass and takes up space
Phase Volume Shape Structure
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA
Draw an arrow next to the table above in the order of increasing energy.
Three States of Matter
Plasma
Water in Three States
Remember, because of the arrangement of the particlesliquid water is more dense than solid water (ice)
solid liquid gas
Phase Changes
Phase Diagrams
• phase diagram: graph that shows the relationship between phase of matter and the temperature and pressure of the substance.
• Used to identify boiling point/freezing point at any pressure
Liquid-gas phase changes:Liquid-solid phase changes:Solid-gas phase changes
Triple Point: where all three lines meet, a specific temperature and pressure where all three phases exist at the same time
Critical Point: a specific temperature and pressure where the gas can no longer be turned into a liquid, above this point a substance becomes a supercritical fluid
Occur at standard atmospheric pressure: 1 atm or 101.3 kPa To identify the normal boiling point of a substance: Locate
the line between liquid and gas, and identify the temperature at 101 kPa __________________
To identify the normal freezing point of a substance: Locate the line between liquid and solid, and identify the temperature at 101 kPa __________________
If it is a pure substance: There is a fixed composition There is a chemical formula
If it is a mixture: There is a varying composition It is combined physically It can be separated physically
The chemical formula shows only one type of atom
How do you know if something is a
compound?• The chemical formula shows two or more
elements combined
1. Homogenous mixture
– composition of the mixture is the same throughout.
2. Heterogeneous mixture
– composition is unevenly distributed throughout.
Examples: cookie dough ice cream, iron filings in sand
Examples: soda, KoolAid
Scattering of light beam caused by the reflection from suspended particle
If the light passes through the mixture with no visible beam, then the mixture is a SOLUTION
If a mixture settles out and blocks the light, then it is a SUSPENSION
If a mixture does not settle and shows a beam of light through it (positive tyndall effect), then it is a COLLOID
Uniformly MixedOne substance is dissolved in another
• solute: part of the mixture that gets dissolved• solvent: part of the mixture that does the dissolving
Tyndall Effect:
Particles settle out
Tyndall Effect:
Particles unevenly distributed throughoutShows a beam of light
Tyndall Effect:
Fog ____________ ___________
Paint ____________ _________
Syrup ____________ ___________
Draw particles on note sheet.
Physical means: it can be separated into its pure components.
magnet
Techniques:
Strainer
Filtration
Physical
Evaporation
Centrifuge
Distillation
PASTA/WATER SAND/IRON FILINGS
SALT /WATER
BLOOD FOOD COLORING/WATER
SAND/WATER
What is Petroleum?Pumped from undergroundKnown as crude oil or “black gold”Greenish-brown to black colorThin as water or thick as soft tarMade up of HYDROCARBONS
(compounds made of Hydrogen and Carbon atoms ONLY)
Can be separated using FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
The separation of liquid substances according to their differing boiling points is called distillation.
Distillation Animation
physical property: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
• melting point, boiling point, density
physical change: change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
• dissolving, cutting, melting, and boiling
chemical property: a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Example: combustibility, reactivity
chemical change: change in which one or more substances are converted into different substance
Example: rusting, cooking food
1. Color change2. Temperature change3. Production of a gas4. Change in odor5. Formation of a precipitate
Precipitate: insoluble solid that separates out of solution
Solubility and Phase changes are PHYSICAL!!!!