Wednesday, November 16, 2011

Literature: 1. Wrap-up of Short Story Unit2. Introduction to Novel Unit

Housekeeping

• Exam on Monday• Last chance to do missed in-class short story

assignments is Thursday and Friday. See me.• School Christmas party Dec. 13th, from 12-2

p.m.

Wrap-up of Plot Activity

You should have • Fiction Terms• All three stories

I will give you• Your group’s work so far• Markers

Groups A – HeartChanelHossein Ioannis Shala

B – Heart Sandra LEstellaManochehr

C – SummerGraceAiko Maha Iman

D – Summer ShunRaana Dominic

E – Wedding Ysaura MerhzadArezoo

F – Wedding Kasra Sandra SOmid

Plot Analysis Activity1. In your group, continue to work on determining

the plot points for your assigned story.

REMEMBER: if there is disagreement, try to go with the consensus.

2. You have 20 minutes to record the group’s ideas on your chart in point form

3. Then, I will ask you to present your ideas to another group.

4. Together, decide how you will present the ideas (everyone should take part in some way)

Group Presentations A – Heart ChanelHossein Ioannis Shala

D – Summer ShunRaana Dominic

B – Heart Sandra LEstellaManochehr

E – Wedding Ysaura Merhzad Arezoo

C – Summer GraceAiko Maha Iman

F – Wedding Kasra Sandra SOmid

Novel Study Introduction

• Choice of Three Novels• Sign-up Sheet• Novel Study Outline• Novel Study Handouts• Website Information

More Literary Elements

• The following slides contain more detailed information about some of the elements on the Fiction Terms handout.

• You will be expected to understand these elements generally and be able to identify them in fill-in-the-blank or matching type of questions.

• There will not be a literary analysis question on theme this time.

Discovering Theme

• What kind of person is the protagonist?• What kind of conflicts does she/he face?• How does she/he attempt to overcome those

conflicts?• What is the outcome of those conflicts? • What general statement might the author be

making about people who are similar to the narrator?

Stating a Theme

Make a general statement that refers to people or life in general.

x NOT: The main character lied to his boss because he felt his loyalty to his wife was more important than the company’s success.

BUT: Sometimes people will lie to protect their loved ones.

Supporting a Theme Statement

• State the theme• Explain the conflicts related to the theme• Describe how the protagonist attempts to

overcome those conflicts• Explain the outcome of the conflict and how it

shows what the author might be saying about people/life in general (the theme)

• Along the way, explain any other story details that reinforce the theme

ExampleOne theme of “Romeo and Juliet” is that Romantic love can be beautiful and ennobling. The love between Romeo and Juliet is sublimely beautiful. Not only do they feel deeply for each other, but they also respect each other. Neither attempts to impose his or her will on the other; neither places his or her welfare above the other. Realizing that love and lust are not the same, they prize each other spiritually as well as physically. Therefore, meeting in secret from time to time to gratify their powerful sexual desires without the permanent commitment of marriage is out of the question. Such an arrangement would cheapen their relationship; it would reduce their love to a mere bestial craving. Consequently, at great risk, they decide to sanctify their relationship with a marriage ceremony binding them to eternal love. Theirs is no Hollywood marriage for three months or three years, based on selfish sexual gratification; theirs is a marriage meant for eternity, based on unselfish commitment to the spouse.

http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/xRomeoJul.html#Themes

Discovering Theme

• http://www.slideshare.net/kjhatzi/theme-in-literature-2135936

• http://www.slideshare.net/mdix25/theme-in-literature

Irony

Irony is a device used by writers to show something different from what is expected.

There are three types of irony:

• Situational Irony• Dramatic Irony• Verbal Irony

Situational Irony

This is the most common type of irony. In this case, there is a difference between appearance and reality.

A situation seems to be developing to its logical conclusion, yet it takes an opposite turn at the end.

Ex: When an assassin attempts to kill a president, all of his shots initially miss the President; however, a bullet ricochets off the bullet-proof Presidential limousine and strikes the president in the chest. Thus, a vehicle made to protect the President from gunfire was partially responsible for his being shot

Dramatic Irony

This results from the reader having more information about what is happening than the character has.

Ex: A woman thinks her husband is working late, but the reader knows the husband is with another woman.

Verbal IronyThis occurs when the writer or speaker says the opposite of what he/she really feels or believes.

Examples:

“Oh great!” (When something goes wrong)

“No, that’s not too much homework. I love homework.”

A person steps in big puddle of water by mistake, and his/her friend smiles kindly, starts to help his friend up and remarks, "well now, don't you have all the luck!"

Mood vs. ToneMood is the atmosphere or feeling the author creates for the reader (Ex., angry, somber, gentle, tense, frightened, cheerful, etc.)

Ex: The mood in “All Summer in a Day” could be described as mostly somber and tense. As we read the story we mostly feel curiosity, and concern. The only joyful time is when the children are running in the sun, and even then, in our minds we worry for poor Margot who is locked in the closet.

So, mood is about how the reader feels.

Tone is the author’s attitude, stated or implied, about his subject or characters. Some possible attitudes are pessimistic, optimistic, earnest, serious, bitter, humorous, and joyful. An author’s tone can be revealed through choice of words and details.

Ex: The tone in “All Summer in a Day” could be described as earnest or serious. The writer presents the story fairly objectively, neither mocking nor criticizing the characters directly.

So, tone is about how the author feels.

Symbol

A symbol is anything that stands for something else. It is a word, person, action, or object which takes on a meaning in the story that is far beyond its ordinary meaning.

Ex: a white dove = peacerainbow = hoperose = love

Symbols can be culturally specific, so it is important to know the author’s background.

(i.e. the same object may be have a different symbolic meaning in different continents, countries, ethnic, or linguistic groups.)